Nzira yekudzidza sei kunzwisisa motokari kubva pakutanga? Vhidhiyo yakadzama
Kushanda kwemashini

Nzira yekudzidza sei kunzwisisa motokari kubva pakutanga? Vhidhiyo yakadzama

27.06.2022 /


Kugona kunzwisisa michina ipfungwa yakafaranuka. Kune vamwe, zvakakwana kusiyanisa imwe muenzaniso kubva kune imwe. Ivo vanhu vamwechete vane basa rakabatana nemotokari vanoisa chirevo chakawedzera mune iyi pfungwa:

  • body type;
  • kirasi yemotokari;
  • injini yemhando - injector, carburetor, diesel, single kana maviri-stroke, hybrid, motokari yemagetsi;
  • kutapurirana - makanika, otomatiki, variator, robhoti, preselective (dual clutch).

Kana iwe ukashanda, semuenzaniso, mukambani inotengesa masipari kana muchitoro chemotokari, saka maererano nerondedzero yebasa, iwe unongofanirwa kuve neruzivo rwakafara rwe:

  • kunyatsoziva mhando yemhando yeimwe automaker - ndiko kuti, ivo vanofanira kuziva kuti chii chakasiyana pakati peinjini dzakasiyana, semuenzaniso VAZ-2104 - VAZ-21073, VAZ-21067, vhoriyamu yavo, mafuta, maitiro;
  • tekinoroji maficha ezvikamu zvakasiyana;
  • dhizaini uye maficha emudziyo.

Kana iwe wakambotenga zvakasara, saka iwe unoziva kuti zvakakwana kuti nyanzvi yakanaka iratidze ichi kana icho chakasara - silinda inoshanda yebhureki, yechipiri giya, huru kana yepakati shaft yegiya bhokisi, clutch tambo. , kutakura kusunungurwa, feredo disk - iye achavatumidza pasina chero dambudziko brand, taura kuti motokari inobva kupi, uye zvinonyanya kukosha, kukuudza chaizvo kuti chii. Iye zvakare anozosarudza zviri nyore chikamu chaunoda kubva kukhathalogi - kubva kune yekuisa chisimbiso mhete yerabha kana cuff, kune gungano rekugovera kana kuseri kwegiya bhokisi.

Nzira yekudzidza sei kunzwisisa motokari kubva pakutanga? Vhidhiyo yakadzama

Zviri pachena kuti unyanzvi hwakadaro hunouya chete neruzivo. Isu tichaedza kupa mazano ekutanga pane yedu webhusaiti Vodi.su.

Basic pfungwa

Chero mota ine masystem manomwe makuru:

  • mota;
  • hutachiwana;
  • mudhiraivho;
  • chassis kana kuturika;
  • brake system;
  • muviri;
  • midziyo yemagetsi.

Muviri - makirasi uye marudzi

Chinhu chekutanga chatinoona pakuyemura ichi kana icho motokari muviri. Isu takatotaura nezve izvi zvakanyanya pawebhusaiti yedu, saka tichangodzokorora.

Mhando dzemuviri:

  • single-volume - minivans (injini, mukati, trunk inosanganiswa mune imwe nzvimbo chimiro);
  • maviri-vhoriyamu - hatchback, chiteshi ngoro, SUV, crossover;
  • matatu-vhoriyamu - sedan, limousine, roadster, pickup.

Uyezve, kirasi yemotokari inoenderana nehurefu hwemuviri - kune dzakawanda nzira dzekuisa, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyeEurope:

  • "A" - compact hatchbacks, yakadai seChevrolet Spark, Daewoo Matiz;
  • "B" - motokari duku - zvose VAZs, Daewoo Lanos, Geely MK;
  • "C" - kirasi yepakati - Skoda Octavia, Ford Focus, Mitsubishi Lancer.

Zvakanaka, uye zvichingodaro - pane yedu webhusaiti Vodi.su pane chinyorwa apo makirasi anotsanangurwa zvakadzama.

Nzira yekudzidza sei kunzwisisa motokari kubva pakutanga? Vhidhiyo yakadzama

Vagadziri vega vanewo marudzi avo emhando, semuenzaniso, BMW, Audi, kana Mercedes. Zvakakwana kuenda kune webhusaiti yepamutemo kuti uone mutsauko:

  • Mercedes A-kirasi - kirasi diki, inoenderana neB-kirasi maererano neEuropean classification;
  • B-kirasi - inoenderana neC-kirasi;
  • C-kirasi (Nyaradzo-Klasse);
  • CLA - compact prestige lightweight kirasi;
  • G, GLA, GLC, GLE, M - Gelendvagen, SUVs uye SUV kirasi.

Zviri nyore kunzwisisa kupatsanurwa kweAudi:

  • A1-A8 - hatchbacks, ngoro dzechiteshi dzine hurefu hwakasiyana hwemuviri;
  • Q3, Q5, Q7 - SUVs, crossovers;
  • TT - roadsters, coupes;
  • R8 imotokari yemitambo;
  • RS - "charged versions" ine yakagadziridzwa hunyanzvi hunhu.

BMW ine mhando yakafanana:

  • Series 1-7 - mota dzevatakuri dzakadai sehatchback, station wagon, sedan;
  • X1, X3-X6 - SUVs, crossovers;
  • Z4 - migwagwa, coupes, convertibles;
  • M-series - "charged" shanduro.

Kune vatengi vazhinji, kunyanya vakadzi, imhando yemuviri yakakosha. Nekudaro, iyo bodywork ingori kuputira, uye iyo specs ndiyo inonyanya kukosha chinhu. Ngationei makuru.

Nzira yekudzidza sei kunzwisisa motokari kubva pakutanga? Vhidhiyo yakadzama

Injini

Musoro wenyaya wakakura, ngatitaurei pfungwa huru:

  • nerudzi rwemafuta - peturu, dizeli, gasi, gasi-mafuta, mahybrids, mota dzemagetsi;
  • nenhamba yemasilinda - matatu-cylinder kana kupfuura (kune, semuenzaniso, injini dze8 uye 16 cylinders);
  • maererano nenzvimbo yemasilinda - mu-mutsara (masilinda anongomira mumutsara), anopikisa (masilinda anopesana nemumwe), V-shaped;
  • nenzvimbo iri pasi pehood - longitudinal, transverse.

Mumotokari zhinji dzinotakura vanhu, in-line 3-4-cylinder injini dzinoshandiswa nelongitudinal (pamwe neaxis yekufamba) kana kuchinjika kuisirwa. Kana isu tichitaura nezve marori kana mota pamusoro peavhareji kirasi, ipapo simba rinowanikwa nekuwedzera macylinders.

Mukuwedzera, chinhu chakakosha cheinjini ndiyo inotonhora system, inogona kuva:

  • mvura - kutonhora kunoitwa ne antifreeze, antifreeze, mvura yakachena;
  • mhepo - muenzaniso wakajeka we "Zaporozhets", umo injini yakanga iri kumashure, uye mhepo yakayamwa mukutenda kune fan, iyo yakafanana inoshandiswa pamidhudhudhu;
  • yakasanganiswa - kutonhora ne antifreeze, fan inoshandiswa kuwedzera mhepo.

Nzira yekudzidza sei kunzwisisa motokari kubva pakutanga? Vhidhiyo yakadzama

Zvimwe zvakakosha pfungwa:

  • jekiseni system - carburetor, injector;
  • ignition system - kubata (uchishandisa muparadzi), kwete-kubata (Hall sensor, switch), yemagetsi (iyo nzira inodzorwa neiyo control unit);
  • mashandiro ekuparadzira gasi;
  • lubrication system uye zvichingodaro.
Transmission

Basa guru rekutapurirana ndere kuendesa torque kubva kumota kuenda kumavhiri.

Transmission elements:

  • clutch - inobatanidza kana kuparadzanisa kutapurirana kubva injini;
  • gearbox - kutyaira mode kusarudzwa;
  • cardan, cardan transmission - inotamisa nguva yekufambisa kune drive axle;
  • musiyano - kugoverwa kwe torque pakati pemavhiri edhiraivha axle.

Nzira yekudzidza sei kunzwisisa motokari kubva pakutanga? Vhidhiyo yakadzama

Mota zhinji dzemazuvano dzinoshandisa imwe- kana mbiri-dhisiki yakaoma clutch, yakapetwa nebhuku kana robhoti (semi-otomatiki, preselective) gearbox, kana torque converter - hydrostatic system umo injini simba rinoisa kuyerera kwemafuta mukufamba - otomatiki transmissions. kana CVT (variator checkpoint).

Ndiyo chete mhando yegiya bhokisi yakakosha kune vakawanda. Kubva pane zvakaitika kwatiri, ngatiti mechanics ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo, sezvo mutyairi pachake anosarudza iyo yakakwana modhi uye nekudaro anoshandisa mafuta mashoma. Pamusoro pezvo, kufambisa kwemanyorero kuri nyore uye kwakachipa kuchengetedza. Otomatiki uye CVT - inorerutsa zvakanyanya maitiro ekutyaira, asi kana ikatyoka, saka gadzirira yakakomba mari.

Iko kutapurirana kunosanganisirawo pfungwa yakadai semhando yekutyaira:

  • mberi kana kumashure - nguva yekutenderera inowira pane imwe axis;
  • yakazara - ese ari maviri mbezo ari kutungamira, zvisinei, drive inogona kuve yekusingaperi kana plug-in.

Bhokisi rekufambisa rinoshandiswa kugovera torque pane axle yemotokari. Inoiswa mumotokari dzose-mavhiri, dzakadai seUAZ-469 kana VAZ-2121 Niva.

Nzira yekudzidza sei kunzwisisa motokari kubva pakutanga? Vhidhiyo yakadzama

Sezvauri kuona, mota inzira yakaoma. Zvisinei, kune vakawanda, zvakakwana kuti ugone kuishandisa uye kuita mabasa akareruka, akadai sekuchinja vhiri. Kuchengetedza kunonyanya kusiiwa kune nyanzvi.

Vhidhiyo: mudziyo uye sarudzo yemotokari




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