chii uye chinoita basa rei?
Injini yekupisa yemukati ndiyo moyo wemota chero yemazuva ano.
Ichi chikamu chine zvinhu zvakati wandei:
- sepombi;
- pisitoni;
- crankshaft;
- flywheel.
Pamwe chete vanogadzira crank mechanism. Iyo crank, inozivikanwawo se crankshaft (Crank Shaft) kana kungoita - crankshaft, inoita basa rakakosha - inoshandura shanduko yekushandura yakagadzirwa nemapiston kuita torque. Kana museve uri pa tachometer unosvika 2000 rpm, izvi zvinoratidza kuti crankshaft iri kuita iyo nhamba yemarevolutions. Zvakanaka, zvino nguva ino inopfuudzwa kuburikidza neclutch kune kutapurirana, uye kubva pairi kuenda kumavhiri.
Device
Sezvaunoziva, mapistoni ari muinjini anofamba zvisina kuenzana - mamwe ari kumusoro akafa pakati, mamwe ari pasi. Iwo mapistoni akabatana kune crankshaft nekubatanidza tsvimbo. Kuve nechokwadi chekufamba kwakadai kwepistoni, crankshaft, kusiyana nemamwe mashafts ese ari mumotokari - yekutanga, yechipiri, kutungamira, kugovera gasi - ine yakakosha yakakombama chimiro. Ndosaka achinzi crank.
Zvinhu zvakakosha:
- makuru emagazini - ari padivi peaxis ye shaft, haafambi panguva yekutenderera uye ari mu crankcase;
- kubatanidza tsvimbo magazini - kubvisa kubva pakati peaxis uye kutsanangura denderedzwa panguva yekutenderera, ndeye kwavari iyo matanda ekubatanidza akabatanidzwa kune mabheji ekubatanidza tsvimbo;
- shank - flywheel inogadziriswa pairi;
- sock - ratchet yakasungirirwa pairi, iyo iyo nguva yekufambisa pulley inoputirwa - bhanhire rejenareta rinoiswa papulley, iyo, zvichienderana nemuenzaniso, inotenderera mashizha epombi inotungamirira simba, fan air conditioning.
Counterweights inoitawo basa rakakosha - kuvonga kwavari, shaft inogona kutenderera neinertia. Pamusoro pezvo, maoiri anodonhedzwa mumajenari etsvimbo yekubatanidza - nzira dzemafuta dzinopinda nadzo mafuta einjini kuzozora mabheya. Muchivharo chejini, crankshaft inoiswa uchishandisa main bearings.
Pakutanga, ma crankshafts akagadzirwa aiwanzo shandiswa, asi akasiiwa, nekuti nekuda kwekutenderera kwakasimba pamitsetse yezvikamu, mitoro mikuru inomuka uye hapana kana chisungo chimwe chete chinogona kumira. Nokudaro, nhasi vanoshandisa zvakanyanya-zvakakwana sarudzo, kureva, kucheka kubva pane imwe simbi.
Nzira yekugadzirwa kwavo yakaoma, nokuti inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi che microscopic yakarurama, iyo iyo injini inoenderana nayo. Mukugadzira, zvirongwa zvakaoma zvekombuta uye laser yekuyeresa zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa, izvo zvinogona kuona kutsauka chaiko padanho remazana emamilimita. Zvakare kukosha kukuru ndiko kuverenga chaiko kwehuremu hwe crankshaft - inoyerwa kusvika pamilligram yekupedzisira.
Kana tikatsanangura musimboti wekushanda kwe crankshaft, zvino inopindirana zvizere nenguva yevhavha uye kutenderera kwe4-stroke mukati memoto injini, iyo yatatotaura nezvayo paVodi.su. Ndiko kuti, kana piston iri panzvimbo yayo yepamusoro-soro, bhuku rekubatanidza rod rinotaurwa naro riri pamusoro pepakati pe axis ye shaft, uye sezvo shaft inotenderera, zvose 3-4, kana kunyange 16 pistons inofamba. Saizvozvo, kana macylinders akawanda ari muinjini, ndipo panobva panyanya kuomesesa chimiro che crank.
Zvakaoma kufungidzira kukura kweiyo crankshaft mune injini yemarori emigodhi, yatakataurawo nezvayo pawebhusaiti yedu Vodi.su. Somuenzaniso, BelAZ 75600 ine injini ine volume 77 litres uye simba re 3500 hp. Yakasimba crankshaft inotyaira 18 pistons.
Crankshaft kukuya
Iyo crankshaft chinhu chinodhura zvakanyanya, zvisinei, nekuda kwekukweshana, inozopedzisira isingaite. Kuti urege kutenga itsva, yakakwenenzverwa. Iri basa rinogona kuitwa chete nepamusoro-kirasi vanotendeuka vane midziyo yakakodzera.
Iwe zvakare unozofanirwa kutenga seti yekugadziridza yekubatanidza tsvimbo uye main bearings. Insert inotengeswa munenge chero chitoro chezvikamu uye inoenda pasi pemazita:
- H (saizi yezita) - inoenderana nematanho eiyo crank nyowani;
- P (P1, P2, P3) - kugadzirisa liners, dhayamita yavo yakawanda millimeters yakakura.
Zvichienderana nehukuru hwemagetsi ekugadzirisa, mushanduri-minder anonyatsoyera hupamhi hwemitsipa uye inogadzirisa kuti ienderane nemagetsi matsva. Kune imwe neimwe modhi, iyo gomo rekugadzirisa liners inotarwa.
Iwe unogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwe crankshaft nekushandisa emhando yepamusoro injini yemafuta uye nekuishandura panguva yakakodzera.
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