Nzira yekuwana sei mvura mumotokari

Vatyairi vakawanda vanoziva mamiriro ezvinhu anotevera: mangwanani unosvika "bhiza resimbi" mangwanani, shandura kiyi yekupisa, asi mutengi haatendeuki, injini haina kutanga kana kutanga, asi nekuoma kukuru. Muchiitiko chepamusoro, kunyange magetsi emagetsi haashande, unofanira kuzarura nemaoko, sezvo alarm yakadzimwa ... Asi shure kwezvose, usiku hwekupedzisira zvinhu zvose zvakanga zvakarongeka! Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekubuda kwebheteri, iyo inokonzerwa nekuputika kukuru ikozvino mumagetsi emagetsi. Nzira yekutarisa sei kubuda kwezvino pamotokari ine multimeter, pazvipi zvakakosha zvakakodzera kuridza alarm, uye chii chingaitwa - tichataura pamusoro peizvi munyaya.

Zviri mukati

• 1 Zvikonzero nemigumisiro
• 2 Maitiro ekutarisa kubuda kwemvura mumotokari
• 3 Nzira yekuwana sei leakage current

Zvikonzero nemigumisiro

Kutanga iwe unoda kunzwisisa kuti bhatiri remotokari chii. Kufanana nechero imwe bhatiri, ikemikari ikozvino sosi ine simba remagetsi, kukosha kwayo kunowanzo kudhindwa pabhatiri label. Inopimwa mumaawa akareba (Ah).

Battery huwandu hunoyerwa mumaawa-ampere uye inoratidza kuti inguva yakawanda sei iyo bhatiri remotokari richabuda.

Kutaura zvazviri, simba rinotarisa huwandu hwesimba remagetsi iro bhatiri rakakwana rinogona kuunza. Iyo leakage current ndiyo yazvino inotorwa kubva mubhatiri. Ngatitii tine yakakomba pfupi dunhu mune auto wiring, uye kuvuza ikozvino 1 A. Ipapo 77 Ah bhatiri inopiwa semuenzaniso ichabudiswa mumaawa 77. Panguva yekushandiswa, hupenyu hwebhatiri uye kugona kwayo kunoshanda kunodzikira, saka mutangi anogona kunge asina kukwana kutanga ikozvino kunyangwe bhatiri rabuda hafu (kusvika 75% mukutonhora kwekunze). Nekudonha kwakadaro, tinogona kufunga kuti muzuva zvichave zvisingaite kutanga mota nekiyi.

Dambudziko guru nderokuyerera kwakadzika kwebhatiri. Kana uchigamuchira simba kubva mubhatiri, sulfuric acid, iyo chikamu che electrolyte, zvishoma nezvishoma inoshandurwa kuva muto wemunyu. Kusvika pane imwe nguva, iyi nzira inodzoreredzwa, nekuti izvi zvinoitika kana bhatiri rachajwa. Asi kana magetsi ari mumasero akadonha pasi peimwe nhanho, iyo electrolyte inoumba zvisinganyunguriki makomisheni anogara pamahwendefa ari muchimiro chekristaro. Aya makristasi haazombogadzirizve, asi achaderedza nzvimbo yekushanda yeplateti, zvichiita kuti kuwedzerwa kwemukati kupikisa kwebheteri, uye, naizvozvo, kuderera kwesimba rayo. Pakupedzisira, unofanira kutenga bhatiri itsva. Kuburitsa kune njodzi kunoonekwa sevoltage iri pasi pe10,5 V pamabhatiri terminals. Kana iwe waunza bhatiri remota yako kumba kuti uchajise uye ukaona yakadzikira voltage, yave nguva yekuridza alarm uye kugadzirisa kuvuza nekukasira!

Mukuwedzera, kudonha kunokonzerwa nemasekete mapfupi kana kunyunguduka kwewaya kunyunguduka pamhepo yakakwana kunogona kutungamirira kwete kungokuvadza bhatiri, asiwo nemoto. Zvechokwadi, bhatiri yemotokari itsva inokwanisa kuendesa mazana ema amps kwenguva pfupi, iyo, maererano nemitemo yefizikiki, inogona kutungamirira mukunyunguduka uye kupisa mumaminitsi mashomanana. Mabhatiri ekare anogona kufashaira pamusoro kana kuputika pasi pekunetseka nguva dzose. Kunyanya kuipa, izvi zvose zvinogona kuitika zvachose netsaona chero nguva, somuenzaniso, usiku munzvimbo yekupaka.

Iyo yemagetsi sisitimu yemotokari yakaoma yakaoma yemagetsi masisitimu akabatana

Mushure mekutarisa zvese zvisingafadzi mhedzisiro yekudonha ikozvino, zvakakodzera kunzwisisa zvikonzero zvayo. Pakutanga, mumazuva emota dzecarburetor dzine hushoma hwemagetsi, kusavapo kwayo kwainzi kwakajairwa kuvuza ikozvino. Mumotokari idzo makanga musisina chekukwevera ikozvino kubva mubhatiri kana moto wakadzimwa. Nhasi, zvinhu zvose zvachinja: chero motokari inongozara nemagetsi akasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri zviviri zvakajairwa zvishandiso uye zvozoiswa nemutyairi. Uye kunyangwe ese emagetsi emazuva ano achitsigira akakosha "kurara" modhi kana mamodhi akamira ane yakaderera mashandisiro emagetsi, imwe chiyero chemazuva ano inopedzwa nemasekete ekumira, pasi pehushamwari hwevanochengetedza zvakatipoteredza vane masirogani nezvekuchengetedza simba. Naizvozvo, madiki ekudonha mafungu (anosvika 70 mA) akajairika.

Pamidziyo yefekitari mumotokari, zvinotevera zvishandiso zvinowanzogara zvichishandisa imwe huwandu hwesimba:

• Diodes mujenareta rectifier (20-45 mA);
• Radio tepi rekodhi (kusvika ku5 mA);
• Alarm (10-50 mA);
• Zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuchinja zvinoenderana nerelays kana semiconductors, pane-bhodhi injini komputa (kusvika gumi mA).

Mumaparentheses ndiwo akanyanya kubvumidzwa kukosha kwazvino kune inoshandika zvishandiso. Kusashanda zvakanaka kwezvikamu kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya mashandisiro azvo. Tichataura nezve kuziva uye kubvisa zvinhu zvakadaro muchikamu chekupedzisira, asi ikozvino tichapa runyoro rwezvimwe zvigadziri zvakaiswa nevatyairi, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mamwe zana akanaka emamilimita pakudonha:

• Non-standard radio;
• Mamwe amplifiers uye anoshanda subwoofers;
• Anti-kuba kana yechipiri alarm;
• DVR kana radar detector;
• GPS navigator;
• Chero midziyo ine USB yakabatana nechirambidzo chefodya.

Maitiro ekutarisa kubuda kwemvura mumotokari

Kutarisa iyo yakazara ikozvino kuvuza pamwe neiyo 12 V mutsara wemotokari iri nyore kwazvo: iwe unofanirwa kubatidza multimeter mune ammeter modhi mugeji pakati pebhatiri uye yakasara yemotokari network. Panguva imwecheteyo, injini inofanira kudzimwa uye hapana manipulations ane moto anogona kuitwa. Iwo makuru ekutanga mafungu ekutanga anozotungamira mukukuvadza kune multimeter uye kupisa.

Zvakakosha! Usati watanga kushanda nemultimeter, zvinokurudzirwa kuti uverenge chinyorwa chekudzidzisa nezvekushanda nemudziyo.

Ngatitarisei maitiro mune zvakadzama:

• Dzima ignition uye vese vanowedzera vatengi.
• Isu tinosvika kubhatiri uye, tichishandisa wrench yakakodzera, bvisa iyo isina kunaka terminal kubva mairi.
• Seta iyo multimeter kuDC ammeter modhi. Isu tinoisa iyo yakanyanya kuyerwa muganhu. Pamamita akawanda akajairika, iyi ingangove gumi kana 10 A. Isu tinobatanidza maprobe kumasokisi akaiswa zvakakodzera. Ndokumbira utarise kuti mune ammeter modhi, kushorwa kwe "tester" zero, saka kana iwe uchigara uchibata maviri ebhatiri terminals nemaprobes, iwe unowana pfupi dunhu.

Kuyera kuvuza ikozvino, iwe unofanirwa kubatidza iyo multimeter muDC kuyerwa maitiro

Zvakakosha! Usashandise chibatanidza chakanyorwa kuti "FUSED". Iyi multimeter yekupinda inodzivirirwa nefuse, kazhinji 200 kana 500 mA. Iko kubuda kwemvura hakuzivikanwi kwatiri mberi uye inogona kuva yakakwirira zvikuru, izvo zvinotungamirira kukukundikana kwefuse. Chinyorwa "UNFUSED" chinoratidza kusavapo kwefuse mumutsara uyu.

• Iye zvino tinobatanidza probes mugomba: dema kune minus pabhatiri, tsvuku kune "misa". Kune mamwe mamita ekare, polarity inogona kuve yakakosha, asi pamamita edhijitari hazvina basa.

Zvakachengeteka zvakanyanya kutora zviyero nekubvisa iyo isina kunaka terminal, asi kushandiswa kwe "plus" kunogamuchirwa zvakare.

• Isu tinotarisa kuverengwa kwechigadzirwa. Mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, tinogona kuona mugumisiro we 70 mA, iyo iri mukati memaitiro. Asi pano zvakatofanira kufunga, 230 mA yakawanda.

Kana zvese zvemagetsi zvikadzimwa, ipapo kukosha kwezvino kwe230 ​​mA kunoratidza matambudziko akakomba.

Hunyengeri hwakakosha: mushure mekuvhara iyo pa-bhodhi redunhu ine multimeter, mumaminetsi ekutanga ekutanga, iyo yekudonha ikozvino inogona kunge yakakura kwazvo. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti de-energized madivayiri achangobva kugamuchira simba uye haasati apinda musimba rekuchengetedza maitiro. Bata maprobes zvakasimba pane vanobatika uye mirira kusvika maminetsi mashanu (unogona kushandisa probes ine alligator clips kuti uve nechokwadi chekubatana kwakavimbika kwenguva yakareba kudaro). Zvingangodaro, ikozvino ichadonha zvishoma nezvishoma. Kana zvakakosha zvikaramba zviripo, saka pane zvechokwadi dambudziko remagetsi.

Zvakajairwa kukosha kwekuvuza mafungu anosiyana kune dzakasiyana mota. Inenge iyi 20-70 mA, asi kumotokari dzekare dzinogona kuva zvakanyanya, pamwe chete nemotokari dzomumba. Mota dzemazuvano dzekune dzimwe nyika dzinowanzo shandisa mashoma mamilimita munzvimbo yekupaka. Kubheti kwako kwakanyanya kushandisa internet uye kuona kuti ndeapi maitiro anogamuchirwa kune yako modhi.

Nzira yekuwana sei leakage current

Kana zviyero zvikave zvinoodza moyo, iwe uchafanirwa kutsvaga "mutadzi" weiyo yakanyanya simba rekushandisa. Ngatitangei tafunga kusashanda kwezvimiro zvakajairwa, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune yakakwira yekudonha ikozvino.

• Iyo diode pane alternator rectifier haifanirwe kupfuura ikozvino mune reverse direction, asi izvi zvinongori mudzidziso. Mukuita, vane diki reverse ikozvino, pahurongwa hwe5-10 mA. Sezvo kune ma diode mana mubhiriji rectifier, kubva pano tinokwira kusvika ku40 mA. Zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva, semiconductors inowanzosvibisa, kuvhara pakati pezvikamu kunowedzera kuderera, uye reverse ikozvino inogona kuwedzera kusvika 100-200 mA. Muchiitiko ichi, chete kutsiva rectifier kuchabatsira.
• Iyo redhiyo ine yakakosha modhi mairi isingashandisi simba. Nekudaro, kuti ipinde iyi modhi uye isaburitse bhatiri munzvimbo yekupaka, inofanirwa kubatanidzwa nemazvo. Nokuda kweizvi, iyo ACC chiratidzo chekuisa inoshandiswa, iyo inofanira kubatanidzwa kune inoenderana inobuda kubva kune ignition switch. Iyo +12 V level inoonekwa pane inobuda chete kana kiyi yaiswa mukiyi uye yakatendeuka zvishoma (ACC chinzvimbo - "zvishandiso"). Kana paine chiratidzo cheACC, redhiyo iri mumodhi yekumira uye inogona kushandisa yakawanda yazvino (kusvika 200 mA) ichidzimwa. Kana mutyairi achidhonza kiyi kubva mumotokari, iyo ACC chiratidzo inonyangarika uye redhiyo inopinda muhope mode. Kana iyo ACC mutsara paredhiyo isingabatanidzwe kana kupfupikiswa ku +12 V simba, ipapo mudziyo unogara uri mumodhi yekumira uye inoshandisa simba rakawanda.
• Maalarm uye immobilizers anotanga kudya zvakawandisa nekuda kwekukanganisa ma sensors, semuenzaniso, jammed magonhi ekuchinja. Dzimwe nguva "chido chinokura" nekuda kwekukundikana mune software (firmware) yemudziyo. Semuenzaniso, mutongi anotanga kugara achiisa voltage kune relay coil. Izvo zvinoenderana nechaiyo mudziyo, asi kudzima kwakazara uye kusetazve mudziyo, kana kupenya, kunogona kubatsira.
• Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuchinja senge relays kana transistors zvinogonawo kugadzira kuwedzera kushandiswa. Mune relay, aya anogona kunge ari mazita "anamira" kubva kune tsvina uye nguva. Transistors ine negligible reverse current, asi kana semiconductor ikaputsika, kuramba kwayo kunova zero.

Mu90% yezviitiko, dambudziko harisi mumidziyo yakajairwa yemotokari, asi mune zvisiri-yakajairwa zvishandiso zvakabatana nemutyairi pachake:

• Iyo "isina-yekuzvarwa" redhiyo tepi rekodha inoiswa pasi pemutemo mumwechete wekubatanidza mutsara weACC seweyakajairika. Maredhiyo akachipa akaderera-mhando anogona kufuratira mutsara uyu zvachose uye oramba ari muchimiro chakajairika, achipedza simba rakawanda.
• Paunenge uchibatanidza amplifiers, zvinodikanwa zvakare kutevedzera iyo chaiyo yekubatanidza chirongwa, nekuti ivo vanewo simba uye simba rekuchengetedza simba rekudzora chiratidzo mutsara, unowanzo kudzorwa neredhiyo.
• Vakangochinja kana kuwedzera hurongwa hwekuchengetedza, uye mangwanani akatevera bhatiri rakabudiswa "kusvika zero"? Dambudziko ririmo zvechokwadi.
• Mune dzimwe motokari, socket yefodya haidzimi kunyange kana moto wakadzimwa. Uye kana chero zvigadziri zvinoshandiswa kuburikidza nazvo (somuenzaniso, iyo DVR imwechete), zvino vanoramba vachipa mutoro unooneka pabhatiri. Usatore pasi "diki kamera bhokisi", mamwe acho anoshandisa 1A kana kupfuura.

Iko kune chaizvo michina yakawanda mumotokari yemazuva ano, asi kune nzira inobatsira yekutsvaga "muvengi". Inosanganisira kushandisa junction box ine fuse, iri mumotokari yese. Bhazi re +12 V kubva kubhatiri rinouya kwariri, uye wiring kune marudzi ese evatengi inosiyana kubva pairi. Maitiro acho ndeaya:

• Isu tinosiya iyo multimeter mune imwechete yakabatana chinzvimbo sepakuyera iyo yekudonha ikozvino.
• Tsvaga nzvimbo yebhokisi refuse.

Fuse mabhokisi anowanzo kuwanikwa mune injini compartment uye mune kabhini pasi pe dashboard

• Iye zvino, imwe neimwe, tinobvisa imwe neimwe yefuse, tichitevera kuverenga kwe multimeter. Kana kuverenga kusati kwachinja, dzorera panzvimbo imwe chete uye enda kune inotevera. Kudonha kunoonekwa mukuverenga kwechigadzirwa kunoratidza kuti iri pamutsetse uyu kuti dambudziko revatengi riripo.
• Nyaya yacho inoramba iri duku: maererano nemagetsi emagetsi emotokari kubva kune zvinyorwa, tinowana kuti iyi kana iyo fuse inokonzera chii, uye kuti wiring inobva kupi. Munzvimbo imwe chete tinowana maturusi ekupedzisira maive nedambudziko.

Iwe wakafamba nemafuse ese, asi yazvino haina kuchinja? Zvadaro zvakakodzera kutsvaga dambudziko mumagetsi emagetsi emotokari, iyo inotangira, jenareta uye injini yekupisa injini yakabatana. Pfungwa yekubatana kwavo inobva pamotokari. Pane mamwe mamodheru, anowanikwa padyo nebhatiri, izvo zviri nyore. Zvinongosara chete kutanga kudzidzima imwe neimwe uye usakanganwa kutarisa kuverenga kweammeter.

Maseketi emagetsi anokurudzirwa kuti atariswe sechisarudzo chekupedzisira.

Imwe sarudzo inogoneka: vakawana mutsara unonetsa, asi zvese zvakarongeka nevatengi vakabatana. Nzwisisa wiring pachayo pamutsara uyu. Mamiriro akajairika ndeaya: kusungirirwa kwewaya kwakanyunguduka nekuda kwekupisa kana kupisa kwejini, pane kusangana nemuviri wemota (iyo ndiyo "misa", i.e. kubvisa magetsi), tsvina kana mvura ine. akapinda muzvinhu zvinobatanidza. Iwe unofanirwa kuisa nzvimbo ino uye kugadzirisa dambudziko, semuenzaniso, nekutsiva waya kana nekuchenesa nekuomesa zvivharo zvakakanganiswa nekusvibiswa.

Dambudziko rekudonha kwezvino mumotokari harigone kuregererwa. Chero midziyo yemagetsi inogara iri njodzi yemoto, kunyanya mumotokari, nekuti kune zvinhu zvinopisa ipapo. Kushandura ziso kuti uwedzere kushandiswa, iwe unenge uchitofanira kushandisa mari pabhatiri idzva, uye chakaipisisa chinogona kuitika moto kana kunyange kuputika mumotokari.

Kana chinyorwa chacho chaiita sechisinganzwisisi kwauri, kana kuti hauna magwaro akakwana ekushanda nemidziyo yemagetsi, zviri nani kupa basa racho kune vashandi vechiteshi chebasa.