Maitiro ekugadzirisa mavharuvhu ekuchenesa muinjini
Zviri mukati
Panguva yekushanda kweinjini, zvikamu zvose zvinoshandura zviyero zvejometri nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekushisa, izvo zvisingawanzo kufungidzira. Dambudziko iri zvakare rine chekuita nekutyaira kwemavharuvhu eiyo gasi kugovera michina mumajini mana-stroke. Pano zvakakosha kuvhura nekuvhara nzira dzekupinda nekubuda nadzo nenzira kwayo uye nenguva, uchiita pakupera kwetsinde yevharuvhu, iyo yakaoma mumamiriro ekuwedzera, ese emadzinde acho pachawo uye neiyo yese block musoro.
Vagadziri vanomanikidzwa kusiya mapeji ekupisa mumajoini kana kutendeukira kumisikidza yavo mechanical compensation units.
Basa remavharuvhu uye nguva yevhavha muinjini
Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha hunhu hweinjini kana zvasvika pakusimba kwayo kwesimba rekubuda nekugamuchirwa kwemafuta kushandiswa kuzadza masilinda nemusanganiswa mutsva. Inopinda muhuwandu hwekushanda kuburikidza nehurongwa hwemavharuvhu, ivo vanosunungurawo mhepo inopera.
Kana injini ichimhanya nekumhanya kwakakura, uye inogona kutariswa, neimwe fungidziro, ese ari maviri epamusoro uye mashoma idling, mhomho yegasi inopfuura nemumasilinda inotanga kuratidza yavo aerodynamic zvimiro, inert uye zvimwe zvine chekuita nekubudirira kwekupisa uye. kuwedzera kwekushisa.
Kurongeka uye optimality yemafuta ekufambisa simba uye kushandurwa kwayo kuita magetsi emagetsi kunoenderana nekupa panguva yakakodzera yemusanganiswa kunzvimbo yekushanda, inoteverwa nekubviswa kwayo nekukurumidza.
Nguva dzekuvhura nekuvhara mavharuvhu dzinotarwa nechikamu chekufamba kwepiston. Nokudaro pfungwa yekugoverwa kwegasi.
Chero nguva, uye kune mota izvi zvinoreva kona yekutenderera kwe crankshaft uye chaiyo sitiroko yeinjini mukati mekutenderera, mamiriro evharuvhu anotsanangurwa zvakajeka. Inogona kuvimba chete nekumhanya uye mutoro mukati memiganho yakajairwa yakamisikidzwa nechikamu chekugadzirisa system (phase regulators). Vakashongedzerwa neinjini dzemazuva ano uye dzepamusoro.
Zviratidzo nemigumisiro yekuregererwa kusina kururama
Zvakanaka, kurongeka kwemavharuvhu kunovimbisa zero backlash. Ipapo vharafu ichanyatso tevera trajectory yakaiswa neprofile yecamshaft cam. Iyo ine yakaomesesa uye yakanyatsosarudzwa fomu nevagadziri vemota.
Asi izvi zvinogona kuitika chete kana uchishandisa hydraulic gap compensators, iyo, zvichienderana neyakagadzirirwa dhizaini, inonziwo hydraulic pushers uye hydraulic inotsigira.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, gaka richava diki, asi rine magumo, zvichienderana nekupisa. Vagadziri veinjini yekupisa yemukati, nekuyedza uye nekuverenga, vanoona kuti inofanira kunge yakaita sei pakutanga, kuitira kuti chero mamiriro ezvinhu shanduko yezvichemo irege kukanganisa kushanda kwemota, ichikonzera kukuvara kwairi kana kudzikisa hunhu hwevatengi.
Kubvisa kwakakura
Pakutanga kuona, kuwedzera kwekuvhara kwevhavha kunotaridzika kwakachengeteka. Hapana kuchinja kwekushisa kuchavaderedza kusvika kune zero, iyo yakazara nematambudziko.
Asi kukura kwekuchengetedza kwakadaro hakupfuuri pasina mutsara:
- injini inotanga kugadzira hunhu hunogogodza, hunobatanidzwa nekuwedzera kukurumidza kwezvikamu zvisati zvasangana;
- mitoro yekuvhundutsa inotungamira mukuwedzera kupfeka uye kuputika kwesimbi, iyo inokonzeresa huruva uye machipisi zvinosiyana mukati meinjini, zvichikuvadza zvikamu zvese zvinozorwa kubva kune yakajairika crankcase;
- nguva yevharuvhu inotanga kunonoka nekuda kwenguva inodiwa yekusarudza mapundu, izvo zvinotungamira kusashanda zvakanaka pakumhanya kwakanyanya.
Sezvineiwo, injini inogogodza ine ruzha ine mapeji mahombe inogona kukwevera zvakakwana pakaderera revs, kuwana, sezvavanotaura, "tractor traction". Asi haugone kuita izvi nemaune, mota ichakurumidza kupera nezvigadzirwa kubva panzvimbo dzinosangana nekuvhunduka.
mukaha muduku
Kuderedza gaka kuzere nekukurumidza uye kusingagadzirike mhedzisiro. Sezvo ichidziya, kusakwana kwemvumo kuchakurumidza kuita zero, uye kupindira kuchaonekwa mukubatana kwemakamera nemavharuvhu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mahwendefa evharuvhu haazokodzeri zvakasimba muzvigadziko zvawo.
Kutonhora kwevhavha discs kuchavhiringidzika, ivo, maererano nekuverenga, vanobudisa chikamu chekupisa musimbi yemusoro panguva yekuvhara. Kunyange zvazvo mavharuvhu akagadzirwa kubva kune yakakwira tembiricha simbi, ivo vanokurumidza kupisa uye kupisa kunze vachishandisa kupisa uye iripo oksijeni. Iyo mota icharasikirwa nekumanikidza uye kutadza.
Kugadziriswa kwevhavhavhavha
Dzimwe injini dzinowanzo wedzera kubviswa kwevhavha panguva yekushanda kwakajairika nekuda kwekupfeka. Ichi chinhu chakachengeteka, sezvo zvakaoma kusaona kugogodza kwatanga.
Zvakanyanya kuipa, uye zvinosuruvarisa kuti aya ndiwo maitiro mazhinji anoita mota kana mapundu aderera nekufamba kwenguva. Nokudaro, kuitira kuti usabvisa zeroing yezviputi uye kupisa kweplateti, zvinodikanwa kuita zvigadziriso zvakanyatsoenderana nemirairo yefekitari.
Isu tinoshandisa probe
Nzira iri nyore ndeyekubvisa chivharo chevharuvhu, fambisa kamera kure nevharuvhu iri kutariswa uye edza kupinza geji yekunzwa yakatsetseka kubva pakiti ichienda pakakoromoka.
Kazhinji, kukora kweprobes kune pitch ye 0,05 mm, iyo inokwana kuyera nekururama kunogamuchirwa. Ukobvu hwehuwandu hwemaprobes, huchiri kupfuura mugomba, hunotorwa sehukuru hwegap.
Nenjanji uye chiratidzo
Pane mamwe mamotor, kazhinji ayo ane rocker maoko (levers, rockers) mudhiraivha dhiraivha, zvinokwanisika kuisa mudziyo uri muchimiro chenjanji, pane izvo zvigadziko zvinopihwa kukwira kwakaringana dial chiratidzo.
Nokuunza gumbo rayo kune lever yakatarisana nedzinde, unogona kuzunungusa rocker kubva pacam manually kana neforogo yakakosha, uchiverenga kuverenga pachiyero chechiratidzo nekururama kweinenge 0,01 mm. Kururama kwakadaro hakusi kudikanwa nguva dzose, asi kunowedzera nyore kudzora.
Zvekuita kana HBO ichidhura
Iyo propane-butane musanganiswa ine yakakwira octane rating pane yakajairwa general chinangwa peturu. Saizvozvowo, inopisa zvishoma nezvishoma, ichidziya mavharuvhu ekupedza panguva yekusunungurwa. Iwo mapeji anotanga kudzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura zvinofungwa nevagadziri vemota, vachifungidzira kushandiswa kwepeturu.
Kuti udzivise kupisa kusati kwasvika kweplate uye zvigadziko, mapeji panguva yekugadzirisa anoiswa akawedzera. Iko kukosha kwakananga kunoenderana nejini, kazhinji iyo yekuwedzera ndeye 0,15-0,2 mm.
Zvimwe zvinogoneka, asi ipapo iwe unofanirwa kutsungirira neruzha, kuderedzwa kwesimba uye kuwedzera kupfeka pamagetsi ekugovera gasi paunenge uchishanda nemitoro isina kukwana. Mhinduro yakanakisa ndeye kushandisa injini dzine hydraulic compensator yegasi.
Muenzaniso wekugadzirisa mavharuvhu paVAZ 2107
Iyo VAZ-2107 ine classic injini ine valve drive kuburikidza nematombo kubva kune imwechete camshaft. Iwo mapeji anowedzera nekufamba kwenguva, dhizaini haina kukwana, saka kugadzirisa kunodiwa anenge ega ega makiromita zviuru makumi maviri.
Iwe unogona kuita oparesheni iyi iwe pachako, hunyanzvi hunogadzirwa nekukurumidza. Pakati pezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, iwe unongoda gasket yevhavha yevhavha, haufaniri kuedza kuishandisa zvakare kana nechisimbiso, chifukidzo chacho hachina simba, zvigadziro hazvina kuvimbika, motokari inokurumidza kukwidziridzwa netsvina kubva pakudonha mafuta.
Zvebasa, zvinonyanya kudiwa kutenga seti yenjanji uye chiratidzo. Izvo zvakanakira zvinozivikanwa kune avo vanoshanda nehunyanzvi neinjini uye vanokwanisa kuonga mutsauko pakati peiyo chaiyo gadziriso uye yakajairwa feeler geji.
Kurongeka kwebasa pamasilinda uye camshaft cams yakanyorwa panjanji pachayo, uye inowanikwawo mune chero bhuku reVAZ kana rekugadzirisa.
- Humburumbira yechina inogadzikwa kunzvimbo yepamusoro yakafa yekumanikidza sitiroko, mushure mayo mavharuvhu 6 ne8 anogadziriswa. Iyo gap inoyerwa nechiratidzo, mushure meiyo lock nut inosunungurwa uye yakaverengerwa muripo wekupfeka inounzwa neinogadzirisa bhaudhi.
- Kupfuurirazve, mashandiro acho anodzokororwa kune ese mavharuvhu, achitenderedza crankshaft sequentially ne180 madhigirii, kana ichave 90 pamwe necamshaft. Nhamba dzeCam uye makona ekutenderera anoratidzwa pane rack.
- Kana geji yekunzwa ikashandiswa, inopinzwa mugomba, yakatsikirirwa nebhaudhi rekugadzirisa uye lock nut. Ivo vanowana kumanikidza kwakadai zvekuti inoburitswa kunze kwegomba nekuedza kushoma, izvi zvinoenderana neyakajairwa gap ye0,15 mm.
Uchishandisa chokwadi chekuti chifukidziro chinobviswa, zvichave zvinoshanda kutarisa kushushikana kweketani uye mamiriro emushonga, shangu yayo uye damper. Kana iwe uchida kugadzirisa chimwe chinhu kana kuomesa ketani, zvino gadzirisa mavhavha mushure mekupedza maitiro ese nemaketani.
