Ko camshaft inogona kugogodza uye zvekuita
Zviri mukati
Dambudziko rinogona kumuka mumainjini ane yakakwira mileage kana mune avo vane kuchengetedza kwaisatariswa, ivo vakazadza mafuta ekunyepedzera uye akachipa, havawanzo kuichinja, yakachengetwa pamhando uye nguva yekutsiviwa kwesefa.
Kare, pakanga paine mota umo kukurumidza kupfeka kwecamshaft kwaive mhedzisiro yekugadzira uye zvikanganiso zvetekinoroji, zvino izvi hazviitiki, injini dzese dzinenge dzakafanana.
Nheyo yekushanda kwecamshaft mujini
Zvinokwanisika kuve nechokwadi chekushandura kwakanyanya kwemakemikari simba remafuta mumagetsi emagetsi anoshandiswa pakufambisa motokari chete kana mamiriro akakodzera ekupisa mumasilinda akanyatsocherechedzwa.
Injini yechina-stroke inofanirwa kutakura vhoriyamu yekushanda nenguva nehuwandu hunodiwa (uye mhando) yemusanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta, kuimanikidza, kuiisa pamoto panguva yakakodzera uye kubvumira simba rekupisa kuti rishandiswe pakuwedzera vhoriyamu pa. yakanyanya kudzvanywa papiston.
Basa rinokosha mune izvi rinoitwa nevhavha nguva. Muchokwadi, aya ndiwo makona ekutenderera kwe crankshaft apo mavharuvhu anovhura uye anovhara. Pane maviri azvo - inlet uye outlet. Kana pane mavharuvhu akawanda, zvino izvi zvinongoreva kuwedzera kwenhamba yekutora uye kupera kwevhavha kuitira kupindira nekuyerera kwemagasi zvishoma sezvinobvira.
Kunze kwemainjini akasiyana uye emujaho, mavharuvhu anovharwa nezvitubu zvine simba zvekudzoka. Asi ivo vanovhura pasi pesimba re eccentric cams yechimiro chakaoma (profile) iri pashafts inotenderera synchronously ne crankshaft. Pano "synchronously" zvinoreva kubatanidza kwakajeka uye kusina kujeka kwemafafitera ekutenderera, uye kwete mazita avo.
Iyi shaft, uye panogona kunge paine imwe kana kupfuura, inonzi camshaft kana camshaft. Chirevo chezita ndechekugovera kuyerera kwemusanganiswa uye kubudisa magasi kuburikidza nemasilinda nekuvhura nekuvhara mavharuvhu.
Makona ayo makamera anobudikira anotariswa anoenderana negiya rekutyaira kana sprocket inosarudza nguva yevharuvhu. Iyo shafts inofambiswa nemagiya, cheni kana bhandi rine mazino kubva ku crankshaft.
Chero kutsvedza kana imwe shanduko mune frequency reshiyo haina kubatanidzwa. Kazhinji, camshaft inoita revolution imwe yega yega mbiri dze crankshaft. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti kutenderera kunotarirwa nekugoverwa kwegasi, uye mukati mekutenderera kune maitiro mana, mapeji maviri egasi.
Iwo makuru mabasa ecamshafts:
- chengetedza kurongeka uye nguva yekuvhura uye kuburitsa (kuvhara nechitubu) chevhavha yega yega;
- gadzirisa zvose zvigadziro zvekufamba kwevhavha, kukurumidza, kukurumidza uye kuchinja mukukwidziridzwa kwetsinde imwe neimwe panguva yekuvhura-kuvhara kutenderera, iyo inokosha pakumhanya kukuru;
- ipai iyo yaidiwa yevhavha yekusimudza urefu, ndiko kuti, kupikisa kuyerera kwekuzadza macylinders;
- kurongedza kutora uye kupera pamwe chete pamusoro peyese yekumhanya siyana, kazhinji phase shanduko masisitimu anoshandiswa kune iyi - phase regulators (phase shifters).
Pakati pe camshaft cam uye chivharo chevhavha panogona kunge paine zvikamu zvepakati: pushers, rocker arms, zvigadziriso zvekugadzirisa.
Ivo vanogara vaine kugona kuseta iyo gap yekupisa, nemaoko panguva yekugadzirisa kana otomatiki, vachishandisa hydraulic compensators.
Zvikonzero zvekugogodza
Kazhinji kazhinji, muchimiro chekugogodza kubva kudivi regasi rekugovera michina (nguva), shanduko yevharuvhu yekuvhara inoratidzwa, pamwe nekuonekwa kwekudzokera kumashure mumapusher uye nemaoko e rocker. Semuenzaniso, kugogodza kwepusher muchigaro chayo checylindrical chemusoro kana chakapfekwa.
Asi nekufamba kwenguva, kugogodza kunotanga kubudisa uye camshaft. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekupfekwa kwekutsvedza kwayo mumibhedha (plain bearings) kana shanduko yakasimba muprofile yemacams, kana kunyarara kushanda kusingachagoneki nekuseta kwegap rinopisa.
Nekuda kwekupfeka kwemabhengi, shaft inogona kuwana rusununguko rusingade muradial uye axial kutungamira. Kugogodza kuchaonekwa zvakadaro. Nenzeve, kugogodza kwecamshaft kunofanirwa kusiyaniswa kubva kune mavharuvhu, pushers uye zvikamu zve crank mechanism.
Kugogodza kwemavharuvhu kunowedzera sonorous, senge yevasundi, inosiyana-siyana, uye pa crankshaft uye pistons, kugogodza kunowanikwa pasi pemusoro. Iwe unogonawo kusiyanisa nehuwandu hwekutenderera, iyo hafu yecamshaft, asi yakanyanya kuoma.
Chii chekuita kana pane kugogodza kubva kucamshaft
Vanosakara, uye zvisina kuenzana, ese macamshafts nemibhedha yavo. Kare, pakanga paine tekinoroji dzekugadzirisa dzaisanganisira kutsiviwa kwema liner kana dzimba dzine mabearing asembly uye kukuya majenari eshaft. Zvinosuruvarisa, ikozvino vagadziri vemotikari havachafungi nezvekugadzirisa.
Nekudaro, zviri kure nekugara zvichidikanwa kutenga musoro weblock nemibhedha. Kune matekinoroji ekugadzirisa ekupfapfaidza, inoteverwa negorofu yehukuru chaihwo hwecamshaft itsva. Iyo shafts pachayo, nekupfeka kwakasimba, inofanirwa kuchinjwa.
Asi kana tichitaura pamusoro pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingagoni kutengwa nekuda kwemutengo kana kusawanikwa, ipapo kupfapfaidza uye camshafts pamitsipa uye makamu zvinogoneka, zvichiteverwa nekugadzirisa kusvika kuhukuru uye kugaya.
Nokuda kwekukuvadza kuduku kumutsipa, kupurisa kunoshandiswa, asi nyaya iyi haishandisi kune musoro, shafts yakadaro haigogodzi. Kugogodza kuchava chiratidzo chekunyanya kupfeka, kana zvisingachaiti kuita pasina kutsiva zvikamu zvakakura.
