Nzira yekusarudza mafuta einjini nemhando yemotokari?

Sarudzo chaiyo yeoiri yeinjini inotaridza kuti inguva yakadii uye isina dambudziko injini yemotokari yako ichagara. Huwandu hwemafuta anotengeswa akakura kwazvo uye anogona kuvhiringa mutyairi asina ruzivo. Hongu, uye vatyairi vane ruzivo dzimwe nguva vanokanganisa pavanenge vachiedza kutora chimwe chinhu chiri nani.

Iwe haufanirwe kukundwa nekushambadzira kunopinza kunopa mhinduro yepasirese kumatambudziko ese kamwechete. Iwe unofanirwa kusarudza mafuta anonyatsokodzera injini yako, uchifunga nezvemamiriro ekushanda.

Ndeipi basa remafuta einjini?

Injini yemafuta haiiti imwe chete, asi akati wandei akakosha mabasa:

• kutonhora kwezvikamu zvejini inopisa uye zvikamu zvayo zvinofamba;
• kuderedzwa kwekupokana: mafuta einjini anovandudza injini kushanda zvakanaka uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta;
• kuchengetedzwa kwemechani zvikamu kubva pakupfeka uye ngura: iyo inovimbisa hupenyu hurefu hwebasa uye kushanda kweinjini;
• kuchengetedza injini yakachena nekubvisa zvinosvibisa kuburikidza nemafuta sefa uye pakuchinja mafuta.

Ndeapi marudzi emafuta emota aripo?

Zvinoenderana nemakemikari ekuumbwa, mafuta emota akakamurwa kuita marudzi matatu - synthetic uye semi-synthetic, mineral.

Synthetic. Inowanikwa ne organic synthesis. Iyo yakasvibirira inowanzogadziriswa uye yakanyatsonatswa petroleum zvigadzirwa. Inogona kushandiswa kune ese marudzi einjini. Iyo ine yakanyanya kupikisa oxidation uye, sezvainogadzirwa, inosiya inenge isina madhipoziti pazvikamu zveyuniti. Synthetic girisi inochengetedza yakagadzikana viscosity pane yakafara tembiricha siyana uye inokunda zvakanyanya mamineral girisi mumabasa anorema. Kugona kwakanaka kwekupinda kunoderedza kupera kweinjini uye kunobatsira kutanga kutonhora.

Iko kusakosha kukuru kwemafuta ekugadzira mutengo wepamusoro. Nekudaro, kudikanwa kwekushandisa chete mafuta akadaro hakuwanzo kumuka. Synthetics inofanira kushandiswa muchando chakanyanyisa (pasi -30 ° C), panguva dzose yakanyanyisa injini yekushanda mamiriro ezvinhu, kana apo mafuta akaderera e-viscosity anokurudzirwa nemugadziri weyuniti. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinokwanisika kuti upfuure nemafuta ekuzora pane zvakachipa.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti kuchinja kubva kumvura yemaminerari kuenda kune synthetics mumainjini ekare kunogona kukonzera kuvuza muzvisimbiso. Chikonzero chiri mukutsemuka kwerubha gaskets, iyo, kana mineral oil inoshandiswa, inovharwa ne deposits. Uye synthetics panguva yekushanda inosuka zvakanyanya tsvina, ichivhura nzira yekubuda kweoiri uye panguva imwe chete ichivhara nzira dzemafuta. Mukuwedzera, iyo firimu yemafuta yakagadzirwa ne synthetics yakanyanya kuonda uye haitsigiri mapeji akawedzera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kupfeka kweinjini yekare kunogona kukurumidza zvakanyanya. Saka, kana iwe uchitova neyuniti yakasakara ine mileage ye150 zviuru zvemakiromita kana kupfuura, zviri nani kuramba synthetics.

Semi-synthetics. Inokodzera carburetor uye jekiseni injini, peturu uye dhiziri. Yakagadzirwa nekusanganisa mineral uye synthetic base. Muchiitiko ichi, chikamu chemineral chinowanzoita 70%. High quality additives inowedzerwa kune yakagadzirwa.

Iyo yakakwirira mumutengo kune "mineral mvura", asi yakachipa pane yakachena synthetics. Semi-synthetic mafuta inonyanya kupikisa oxidation uye kupatsanurwa kupfuura mineral oil. Iine simba repamusoro rinopinda uye rinobatsira kuderedza kupera kweinjini. Zvakanaka kuchenesa zvikamu kubva mutsvina uye deposits, inopa dziviriro kubva ngura.

Kukanganisa - haibvumiri chando chakanyanya uye mamiriro ekushanda zvakanyanya. Semi-synthetics inogona kushanda seyepakati sarudzo kana iwe uchida kuchinja kubva kune mineral lubrication kuenda kune synthetics. Inokodzera zvese zvitsva uye zvakapfekwa powertrains.

Mineral. Inokodzera mota dzine carburetor injini. Iyo ine mutengo unokwanisika nekuda kweiyo nyore kugadzira tekinoroji. Iine zvinhu zvakanaka zvekuzora, inogadzira firimu remafuta rakagadzikana uye zvinyoronyoro inochenesa injini kubva kumadhipoziti.

Iko kusakosha kukuru ndiko kuwedzera kukuru kwe viscosity pakudzika kwakadzika. Muchando, "mvura yemaminerari" inoputirwa zvisina kunaka uye inoita kuti kutonhora kutange kuoma zvikuru. Iyo yakakora lubricant muhuwandu husina kukwana inopinda muzvikamu zvejini, izvo zvinomhanyisa kupfeka kwavo. Mineral oiri zvakare haina kuita zvakanaka pasi pemitoro yakakwira.

Panguva yekushanda panguva yakajairika uye yakakwira tembiricha yekushanda, zvinowedzerwa zvinopisa nekukurumidza, semhedzisiro, iyo mafuta inokura uye inoda kugara ichitsiviwa.

Panyaya yemutengo / mhando reshiyo, mineral mota oiri inowanzova sarudzo yakanakisa, kunyanya mumatunhu ane nguva yechando. Chinhu chikuru hachisi chokukanganwa kuchichinja nenguva.

Mafuta einjini akasiyana sei?

Saka, takasarudza pamhando dzemafuta, zvino ngatitaurirei nezvehumwe hunokosha hwakaenzana - viscosity. Kana injini ichimhanya, zvikamu zvayo zvemukati zvinokweshana nekumhanya kukuru, izvo zvinokanganisa kudziyisa nekupfeka kwavo. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, zvakakosha kuti tive nechepamusoro chekudzivirira muchimiro chemusanganiswa wemafuta. Inotambawo basa re sealant mumasilinda. Oiri yakakora ine viscosity yakawedzera, ichagadzira kuwedzera kupikisa kune zvikamu panguva yekufamba, kuwedzera mutoro painjini. Uye mvura yakakwana inongodonha, ichiwedzera kupokana kwezvikamu uye kupfeka simbi.

Tichifunga nezve chokwadi chekuti chero mafuta anokora patembiricha yakaderera uye yakatetepa kana yapiswa, iyo American Society of Automotive Engineers yakakamura mafuta ese ne viscosity muzhizha nechando. Zvinoenderana neiyo SAE classification, zhizha mota yemafuta yaingosarudzwa nenhamba (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60). Iko kukosha kwakaratidzwa kunomiririra viscosity. Iyo yakakura nhamba, iyo inowedzera viscous mafuta ezhizha ari. Saizvozvo, iyo yakakwirira tembiricha yemhepo muzhizha munharaunda yakapihwa, mafuta aifanira kutengwa akakwira kuitira kuti arambe ari viscous zvakakwana mukupisa.

Itsika yekutarisa zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana neSAE kubva ku0W kusvika 20W kuboka remafuta echando. Vara W ichidimbu chezwi rechirungu rokuti winter - winter. Uye chimiro, pamwe chete nemafuta ezhizha, chinoratidza viscosity yavo, uye inoudza mutengi kuti ndeipi yakaderera tembiricha iyo mafuta inogona kumira pasina kukuvadza iyo magetsi unit (20W - kwete yakaderera pane -10 ° С, yakanyanya kusimba chando 0W - kwete. pasi pe -30 ° C).

Nhasi, kupatsanurwa kwakajeka mumafuta ezhizha nechando kwakadzokera kumashure. Mune mamwe mazwi, hapana chikonzero chekuchinja lubricant zvichienderana nemwaka unodziya kana unotonhora. Izvi zvakaitwa kuti zvigoneke nekuda kweinonzi mafuta einjini yemamiriro ekunze ese. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvigadzirwa zvega zvezhizha chete kana chando hazviwanikwi pamusika wemahara. Oiri-yemamiriro ekunze ese ane mhando yezita SAE 0W-30, iri mhando yesymbiosis yezhizha uye yechando dhizaini yemafuta. Muchinzvimbo ichi, pane nhamba mbiri dzinotarisa viscosity. Nhamba yekutanga inoratidza viscosity pakudzika kwakadzika, uye yechipiri inoratidza viscosity pakupisa kwakanyanya.

Nzira yekusarudza mafuta newaini code?

Pazvinenge zvave kudikanwa kusarudza chaiyo mhando yekuchinja kwemafuta, mugadziri wemota yako chete ndiye anogona kuve mupi wezano akanakisa. Naizvozvo, chekutanga pane zvese, iwe unofanirwa kuvhura magwaro ekushanda uye kunyatso dzidza.

Iwe unozofanirwa kutsvaga anotevera maitiro ekusarudza lubricant neVIN kodhi:

• mhando yemotokari uye muenzaniso chaiwo;
• gore rekugadzirwa kwemotokari;
• kirasi yemotokari;
• zvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri;
• injini vhoriyamu;
• nguva yemuchina.

Bhuku rebasa rinofanira kutsanangura kushivirira kwemugadziri uye zvinodiwa kune maviri makuru einjini injini paramita:

• Viscosity maererano neSAE standard (Society of Automotive Engineers);
• API (American Petroleum Institute), ACEA (European Automobile Manufacturers 'Association) kana ILSAC (International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee) kirasi yekushanda;

Mukushaikwa kwemagwaro ebasa, zviri nani kubvunzana nevamiriri vevatengesi sevhisi chiteshi chinopa mota dzemhando yako.

Kana iwe usingade kana usina mukana wekutenga iyo yekutanga branded mafuta, unogona kutenga yechitatu-bato chigadzirwa. Kufarirwa kunofanira kupihwa kune iyo yakasimbiswa nemugadziri wemota akakodzera, uye kwete kungova nekunyorwa "kunosangana nezvinodiwa ...". Zviri nani kutenga kubva kune vatengesi vane mvumo kana zvitoro zvakakura zvecheni kuitira kuti usamhanye mune zvigadzirwa zvemanyepo.

Nzira yekusarudza mafuta nema parameters?

SAE viscosity - ichi ndicho chikuru parameter pakusarudza mafuta injini. Haisi masanga kuti inogara ichijekeswa pachigaba nemavara makuru. Izvo zvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, saka ngatingotaurai mutemo mukuru wekusarudza mafuta maererano neSAE standard. RANGARIRA -35 uye uwedzere kwairi nhamba isati yasvika tsamba W. Somuenzaniso, 10W-40: kusvika -35 + 10 tinowana -25 - iyi ndiyo tembiricha yemamiriro ezvinhu apo mafuta asati asimbiswa. Muna Ndira, tembiricha inogona kudonha kusvika -28 dzimwe nguva. Saka kana iwe ukatora 10W-40 oiri, pane mukana wakanaka wekutora nzira yepasi. Uye kunyangwe mota ikatanga, injini nebhatiri zvinowana kushushikana kwakawanda.

API classification. Mienzaniso: API SJ/CF, API SF/CC, API CD/SG, API CE, API CE/CF-4, API SJ/CF-4 EC 1.

Kumaka uku kunofanirwa kuverengwa sezvizvi: S - mafuta epeturu, C - einjini dzedhiziri, EC - yeanochengetedza simba. Mabhii ari pasi apa anoratidza hutano hwemhando yeinjini inoenderana: yepeturu kubva kuA kusvika kuJ, yeinjini dzedhiziri kubva kuA kusvika kuF. ZVIMWE ZVIMWE TSAMBA MUARFAbheti, ZVAKANAKA.

Nhamba mushure memavara - API CE / CF-4 - zvinoreva injini iyo mafuta inotarirwa, 4 - yechina-stroke, 2 - yekurohwa-viri.

Kune zvakare mafuta epasi rose akakodzera kune ese peturu uye dizeli injini. Iyo yakasarudzwa seinotevera: API CD / SG. Zviri nyore kuverenga - kana ichiti CD / SG - iyi ZVIMWE DIESEL mafuta, kana SG / CD - zvinoreva ZVIMWE PETROL.

Kusarudzwa EC 1 (somuenzaniso, API SJ / CF-4 EC 1) - zvinoreva chikamu chehupfumi hwemafuta, i.e. nhamba 1 - zvishoma 1,5% kuchengetedza; nhamba 2 - zvishoma 2,5%; nhamba 3 - kanenge 3%.

ACEA classification. Iyi ipfupiso yezvakaomarara zvinodiwa pakushanda uye dhizaini yeinjini muEurope. ACEA inosiyanisa mapoka matatu emafuta:

• "A / B" - peturu uye dizeli injini motokari;
• "C" peturu uye dizeli injini dzemotokari dzine catalysts uye particulate mafirita;
• "E" - yedhiziri zvikamu zvemarori uye midziyo yakakosha.

Kirasi yega yega ine zvikamu zvayo - A1 / B1, A3 / B3, A3 / B4, A5 / B5 kana C1, C2 neC3. Vanotaura nezvemaitiro akasiyana. Saka, chikamu A3 / B4 mafuta anoshandiswa mukumanikidzwa peturu injini.

Kazhinji, mugadziri anoratidza ese matatu makirasi pane canister - SAE, API uye ACEA, asi pakusarudza, isu tinokurudzira kutarisa pane SAE classification.

Onawo

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