Iyo injini yehybrid inoshanda sei, zvakanakira uye zvakaipira mota ine mari
Zviri mukati
Kubuda kwemotokari dzakasanganiswa kwave chiyero chekumanikidzirwa chevagadziri mukuchinja kubva kumagetsi emukati (ICE) pamafuta ehydrocarbon kuenda kumagetsi emagetsi anochenesa. Tekinoroji haisati yabvumidza kugadzirwa kwemota yemagetsi yakazara-yakazara, mota yemafuta emotokari, kana chero imwe kubva kune yakakura runyorwa rwezvinyorwa zvinogoneka zvinogoneka zvekusimudzira zvifambiso zvezvifambiso, uye kudiwa kwakatokura.
Hurumende dzakatanga kudzvanyirira pasi indasitiri yemotokari nezvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza, uye vatengi vaida kuona nhanho yekuenda mberi, uye kwete imwe gadziriso yemicroscopic yemota inozivikanwa kweanopfuura zana ramakore pane chimwe chezvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa oiri.
Ndeipi mota inonzi "hybrid"
Iyo yemagetsi chikamu chepakati nhanho yakatanga kuve musanganiswa weyakatove yakasimbiswa dhizaini yeinjini yekupisa yemukati uye imwe kana anopfuura emagetsi mota.
Chikamu chemagetsi cheiyo traction unit chinofambiswa nemajenareta akabatana negasi injini kana injini yedhiziri, mabhatiri uye yekudzoreredza sisitimu inodzosera simba rakaburitswa panguva yemota braking kuenda kudhiraivha.
Zvirongwa zvakawanda zvekushandisa pfungwa iyi zvine mutsindo zvinodaidzwa kuti mahybrids.
Dzimwe nguva vagadziri vanorasisa vatengi nekudaidza mahybrids masisitimu uko dhiraivha yemagetsi inoshandiswa chete kutanga mota huru mukutanga-kumira modhi.
Sezvo pasina hukama pakati pemagetsi emagetsi nemavhiri uye mukana wekutyaira pamagetsi ekudhonza, hazvina kunaka kuti mota dzakadaro dzive dzakasanganiswa.
Nheyo yekushanda kweinjini dzakasanganiswa
Nezvose zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira, michina yakadaro ine maitiro akafanana. Asi misiyano yakakura kwazvo kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi zvekuti ivo imota dzakasiyana dzine zvakanakira uye nekuipa kwavo.
Device
Imwe neimwe hybrid inosanganisira:
- injini yekupisa yemukati nekutapurirana kwayo, pa-board low-voltage power supply network uye tangi yemafuta;
- traction motors;
- mabhatiri ekuchengetedza, kazhinji kazhinji akakwira-voltage, anosanganisira mabhatiri akabatana munhevedzano uye akafanana;
- simba wiring ne high-voltage switching;
- electronic control units uye pa-board makomputa.
Kuve nechokwadi chekuti nzira dzese dzekushanda kweiyo yakabatanidzwa mechani uye yemagetsi kufambisa kunowanzoitika otomatiki, chete general traffic control inopihwa mutyairi.
Zvirongwa zvebasa
Izvo zvinogoneka kubatanidza magetsi uye ma mechanical zvikamu kune mumwe nemumwe nenzira dzakasiyana; nekufamba kwenguva, yakanyatso kusimbiswa chaiyo, inowanzoshandiswa zvirongwa zvakamira kunze.
Izvi hazvishande kune gare gare kupatsanurwa kwedhiraivha zvinoenderana nechaiyo mugove wemagetsi traction mune yakazara simba chiyero.
Sequential
Iyo yekutanga chirongwa, yakanyanya kunzwisisika, asi ikozvino shoma inoshandiswa mumotokari.
Basa rayo guru raive rekushanda mumidziyo inorema, uko compact magetsi zvikamu zvakabudirira kutsiva bulky mechanical transmission, iyo yakaoma zvikuru kudzora. Injini, kazhinji injini yedhiziri, inotakurwa chete pajenareta remagetsi uye haina kubatana zvakananga kumavhiri.
Ikozvino inogadzirwa nejenereta inogona kushandiswa kubhadharisa bhatiri yekufambisa, uye iyo isina kupiwa, inotumirwa zvakananga kumagetsi emagetsi.
Panogona kunge paine imwe kana yakawanda yadzo, kusvika pakuiswa pavhiri rega rega remota zvinoenderana neiyo inonzi mota-mavhiri. Huwandu hwekusundirwa hunodzorwa nemagetsi emagetsi unit, uye injini yekupisa yemukati inogona kugara ichishanda mune yakanyanya kunaka modhi.
Parallel
Ichi chirongwa iye zvino chakanyanya kuwanda. Mariri, mota yemagetsi uye injini yekupisa yemukati inoshanda kune yakajairwa kutapurirana, uye zvemagetsi zvinogadzirisa chiyero chakakwana chekushandiswa kwesimba neimwe yedhiraivha. Mainjini ese ari maviri akabatana nemavhiri.
Iyo yekudzoreredza modhi inotsigirwa, apo, panguva yebhureki, mota yemagetsi inoshanduka kuita jenareta uye inochaja bhatiri rekuchengetedza. Kwenguva yakati, mota inogona kungofamba pamutengo wayo, iyo huru yemukati injini yekupisa inoputika.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, bhatiri rine huwandu hwakakura rinoshandiswa, rakashongedzerwa nemukana wekuchaja kwekunze kubva kune imba AC network kana yakasarudzika yekuchaja chiteshi.
Kazhinji, basa remabhatiri pano idiki. Asi kuchinja kwavo kunorerutswa, maseketi ane njodzi akakwira haadiwe pano, uye huwandu hwebhatiri hwakaderera pane hwemotokari dzemagetsi.
yakasanganiswa
Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi ekutyaira tekinoroji uye simba rekuchengetedza, basa remagetsi emagetsi mukugadzira simba rekuita rakawedzera, izvo zvakakonzera kubuda kweiyo yakanyanya kutevedzana-yakafanana masisitimu.
Pano, kutanga kubva pakamira uye kufamba pamhepo yakaderera kunoitwa pamagetsi emagetsi, uye injini inopisa mukati inobatanidzwa chete kana kubudiswa kwepamusoro kuchidiwa uye kana mabhatiri apera.
Ose maviri mota anogona kushanda mudhiraivha modhi, uye yakanyatso fungwa-yemagetsi unit inosarudza kupi uye sei kutungamira kuyerera kwesimba. Mutyairi anogona kutevedzera izvi pane graphic ruzivo kuratidza.
Imwe jenareta yekuwedzera inoshandiswa, senge munhevedzano wedunhu, iyo inogona kupa simba kune emagetsi mota kana kuchaja bhatiri. Iyo braking simba inodzoreredzwa kuburikidza nekumashure kweiyo traction mota.
Iyi ndiyo nzira yakawanda yemazuva ano mahybrids akarongwa, kunyanya imwe yekutanga uye inozivikanwa zvikuru - Toyota Prius.
Injini yehybrid inoshanda sei pamuenzaniso weToyota Prius
Mota iyi yave muchizvarwa chechitatu uye yasvika padanho rekukwana, kunyangwe mahybrids anokwikwidza ari kuramba achiwedzera kuomarara uye kugona kwezvigadziriso.
Hwaro hwekutyaira pano ndiyo musimboti we synergy, zvinoenderana neiyo injini yekupisa yemukati uye mota yemagetsi inogona kutora chikamu mune chero musanganiswa mukugadzira torque pamavhiri. Kufanana kwebasa ravo kunopa maitiro akaoma emhando yepuraneti, apo simba rinoyerera rinosanganiswa uye rinoparidzirwa kuburikidza nekusiyana kune mavhiri ekufambisa.
Kutanga kusimuka uye kutanga kukwirisa kunoitwa nemota yemagetsi. Kana iyo yemagetsi ikaona kuti kugona kwayo hakuna kukwana, injini yehupfumi yepeturu inoshanda paAtkinson cycle yakabatana.
Mumotokari dzakajairwa neOtto motors, kutenderera kwakadaro kwekupisa hakugone kushandiswa nekuda kwemamiriro enguva pfupi. Asi pano ivo vanopihwa nemagetsi mota.
Iyo isina basa modhi haina kuisirwa, kana iyo Toyota Prius ikatanga otomatiki injini yekupisa yemukati, ipapo basa rinowanikwa nekukurumidza, kubatsira mukumhanyisa, kuchaja bhatiri kana kupa air conditioning.
Kugara kuine mutoro uye kushanda nekumhanya kwakaringana, inoderedza kushandiswa kwepeturu, ichiva panzvimbo yakanyanya kunaka yehunhu hwayo hwekumhanya kwekunze.
Iko hakuna chinyakare chinotangisa, sezvo mota yakadai inogona kungotangwa nekuitenderedza kune yakakosha kumhanya, zvinova izvo zvinoita reversible jenareta.
Mabhatiri ane hunyanzvi hwakasiyana uye mavolts, mune yakanyanya kuomarara rechargeable vhezheni yePHV, aya atove akajairika kumotokari dzemagetsi 350 volts pa25 Ah.
Zvakanakira nekuipira mahybrids
Kufanana nechero kukanganisa, mahybrids akaderera kune mota dzemagetsi dzakachena uye dzakajairwa dzemhando yepamusoro-dzemafuta.
Asi panguva imwechete ivo vanopa pfuma muhuwandu hwezvivakwa, kune mumwe munhu anoita seakanyanya:
- kurerutsa nzira dzinoshandiswa kurwisa zvinokuvadza zvinobuda mukati meinjini dzinopisa;
- kuwana mamwe mafuta ehupfumi, zvisinei zvakapikisa;
- mukana wekufamba pane yakachena magetsi traction uko kushandiswa kweinjini dzinopisa mukati kunorambidzwa;
- kuwedzera kuri nyore kwesimba rakaziviswa;
- izvo zvisingagoneki, kusiyana nemotokari yemagetsi, kuramba usina simba kubva kune network network.
Zvese zvipingamupinyi zvakabatana nekukanganisika kwehunyanzvi:
- kudiwa kwevashandi vane ruzivo rwakanyatsodzidziswa kushanda nemahybrids;
- kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemotokari, iyo inoshandisawo mafuta;
- mutengo wepamusoro wemotokari;
- kurasikirwa kumotokari dzemagetsi nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kweinjini inopisa mukati uye zvose zvakabatana nazvo;
- achiri asina kukwana akagadziridzwa matekinoroji uye kushaikwa kwenzira yakabatana yekugadzira;
- urombo husina kunaka kwezvakatipoteredza mukugadzirwa kwemabhatiri uye kuraswa kwavo.
Zvinogoneka kuti kugadzirwa kwemahybrids kuchaenderera mberi mushure mekunyangarika zvachose kwemotokari dzemhando yepamusoro.
Asi izvi zvichaitika chete kana imwe compact, yehupfumi uye yakanyatsodzorwa hydrocarbon mafuta injini yakasikwa, iyo ichava yakanaka kuwedzera kumotokari yemagetsi yeramangwana, ichiwedzera zvakanyanya kuzvimirira kwayo kusati kwakwana.
