Inoshanda sei otomatiki transmission

Kutumira otomatiki, kana otomatiki kutapurirana, kufambisa kunosarudza yakaringana giya reshiyo zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekutyaira pasina kutora chikamu kwemutyairi. Izvi zvinovimbisa kukwira kwakanaka kwemotokari, pamwe nekutyaira kunyaradza kumutyairi.

Vatyairi vazhinji havagone kugona "mechanics" uye kuomarara kwekuchinja kwegiya munzira ipi neipi, saka vanochinjira kumotokari ne "otomatiki" pasina kuzeza. Asi pano inofanira kurangarirwa kuti mabhokisi otomatiki akasiyana uye rimwe nerimwe rine maitiro aro.

Mhando dze otomatiki kutapurirana

Kune akati wandei makuru emhando dzeotomatiki transmissions - robotic mechanics, variator uye hydromechanical transmission.

Hydromechanical gearbox. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa mhando yemabhokisi egiya, inozivikanwa kubva kune yekare mhando dzemota dzekutanga dzine otomatiki michina. Izvo zvakasarudzika zvebhokisi iri zvinosanganisira chokwadi chekuti mavhiri uye injini haina kubatana kwakananga uye "mvura" yeinoshandura torque inokonzeresa kutapurirana torque.

Zvakanakira zvemuchina wakadaro otomatiki iko kupfava kwekuchinja, kugona "kugaya" torque yeinjini dzine simba uye nekupona kwakanyanya kwemabhokisi akadaro. Cons - kushandiswa kwemafuta kwakanyanya, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemotokari, kusanyanya kudiwa kwekukwevera motokari nebhokisi rakadaro.

Musiyano (CVT). Bhokisi iri rine misiyano mikuru pane yakajairwa "otomatiki". Nehunyanzvi, hapana chinhu chakadai se "kuchinja" mairi, ndosaka bhokisi iri richinziwo "kuenderera kuchinjika kutapurirana". Iyo giya reshiyo mune yakadaro otomatiki transmission inoshanduka ichienderera uye zvakanaka, ichikubvumidza iwe "kusvina" yakanyanya simba kunze kweinjini.

Iko kusakosha kukuru kweiyo variator ndeye monotony ye "sound". Kuwedzera kukurumidza kwemota kunoitika neinogara yakafanana injini inonzwika, iyo isiri vese vatyairi vanogona kumira. Mune mhando nyowani, vakaedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri nekugadzira "pseudo" magiya, apo vhezheni ichitsvaga kutevedzera mashandiro ekirasi otomatiki gearbox. Zvakanakira variator zvinosanganisira kuderera uremu, kushanda zvakanaka uye yakanaka dynamics. Iyo yakadzika ndiyo inodhura zvakanyanya kugadzirisa kwemaotomatiki magiya mabhokisi, pamwe nekusakwanisa kushanda nemainjini ane simba.

Robhoti makanika. Zvimiro, bhokisi rakadaro rakafanana neyakajairwa mechanical box. Iyo ine clutch (kana akati wandei) uye simba rekutapurirana shafts kubva injini. Panyaya yezvikwata zviviri, mumwe wavo ane mutoro kune kunyange magiya, uye wechipiri kune asinganzwisisiki. Pangosvika magetsi anopedzisa kuti zvakakosha kushandura, disc yeimwe clutch inovhura zvakanaka, uye yechipiri, pane zvinopesana, inovhara. Musiyano mukuru kubva mubhokisi remanyorero izere otomatiki kutonga. Nzira yekutyaira haina kuchinja kana, iyo inoramba yakafanana nekutyaira "otomatiki".

Zvakanakira zvinosanganisira kuderedzwa kwemafuta, mutengo unokwanisika, yakanyanya kukwira giya yekuchinja kumhanya uye yakaderera gearbox uremu. Bhokisi iri rinewo zvimwe zvinokanganisa. Mune dzimwe nzira dzekutyaira, kushanduka kunogona kunzwika zvakasimba (kunyanya mavhezheni ekutanga emabhokisi emhando iyi aive pasi peizvi). Zvinodhura uye zvakaoma kugadzirisa kana ukakundikana.

*Volkswagen nyanzvi dzakagadzira nyowani, yakasarudzika marobhotith preselective boxу giya rechizvarwa chechipiri - DSG (Direct Shift Gearbox). Izvi Automatic transmission inosanganisa ese emazuvano ekufambisa matekinoroji emhando dzakasiyana. Kuchinja kwegiya kunoitwa nemaoko, asi zvemagetsi uye akasiyana otomatiki masisitimu ane basa rekuita kwese.

Chii chinonzi automatic transmission chinogadzirwa nei?

Vagadziri veGearbox vanogara vachivandudza dhizaini yavo mukuyedza kuti vawedzere hupfumi uye kushanda. Nekudaro, yega yega otomatiki kutapurirana ine zvinotevera zvakakosha zvinhu:

• torque converter. Inosanganisira pombi uye turbine mavhiri, reactor;
• pombi yemafuta;
• giya repuraneti. Mukugadzirwa kwemagiya, seti yezvikorekedzo uye machira;
• electronic control system - sensors, valve body (solenoids + spool valves), selector lever.

Torque inoshandura mune otomatiki kutapurirana, inoita basa re clutch: inotumira uye inowedzera torque kubva muinjini kuenda kugiya bhokisi repasi uye inobvisa muchidimbu kutapurirana kubva injini kuitira kushandura giya.

Ivhiri repombi rakabatana nejini crankshaft, uye vhiri returbine rakabatana negiya bhokisi repasi kuburikidza neshaft. Iyo reactor iri pakati pemavhiri. Mavhiri uye reactor akashongedzerwa nemashizha eimwe chimiro. Zvese zvinhu zveiyo torque inoshandura zvakaunganidzwa mune imwe imba, iyo izere neATF fluid.

Planetary reductor ine magiya akawanda emapuraneti. Imwe neimwe giya repuraneti rinosanganisira zuva (pakati) giya, inotakura nyika ine satellite magiya uye korona (mhete) giya. Chero chinhu chegiya repuraneti chinogona kutenderera kana kuvhara (sezvatakanyora pamusoro, kutenderera kunofambiswa kubva kune torque inoshandura).

Kuti uchinje imwe giya (yekutanga, yechipiri, reverse, nezvimwewo), unofanirwa kuvhara chimwe kana zvimwe zvinhu zveplanetarium. Friction clutches uye mabhureki anoshandiswa pane izvi. Iko kufamba kwemaclutches uye mabhureki kunodzorwa kuburikidza nepiston nekumanikidza kweiyo inoshanda fluid ATF.

Zvemagetsi kudzora system. Kunyanya chaizvo, electro-hydraulic, nekuti. ma hydraulics anoshandiswa kushandura zvakananga magiya (pa / kudzima clutches uye brake mabhendi) uye kuvhara gasi turbine injini, uye zvemagetsi zvinoshandiswa kugadzirisa kuyerera kwemvura inoshanda. Iyo system inosanganisira:

• hydroblock. Indiro yesimbi ine nzira dzakawanda umo mavharuvhu emagetsi (solenoids) uye ma sensor anoiswa. Muchokwadi, muviri wevhavha unodzora mashandiro eiyo otomatiki kutapurirana zvichienderana nedata rakagamuchirwa kubva kuECU. Inopfuudza mvura kuburikidza nematanho kune ma mechanic zvinhu zvebhokisi - clutches uye mabhureki;
• sensors - kumhanya pakupinza uye kubuda kwebhokisi, tembiricha yemvura, selector lever chinzvimbo, gasi pedal chinzvimbo. Zvakare, iyo otomatiki transmission control unit inoshandisa data kubva kune injini control unit;
• selector lever;
• ECU - inoverenga sensor data uye inosarudza iyo gearshift logic inoenderana nechirongwa.

Nheyo yekushanda kwebhokisi re otomatiki

Kana mutyairi amutsa mota, crankshaft yeinjini inotenderera. Pombi yemafuta inotangwa kubva ku crankshaft, iyo inogadzira uye inochengetedza kudzvanywa kwemafuta mu hydraulic system yebhokisi. Iyo pombi inopa mvura kune torque inoshandura pombi vhiri, inotanga kutenderera. Iwo mavhane epombi vhiri rekutamisa mvura kuvhiri returbine, zvichikonzerawo kuti ritenderere. Kuti udzivise oiri kubva pakuyerera kumashure, yakagadziriswa reactor ine mablades eyakakosha dhizaini inoiswa pakati pemavhiri - inogadzirisa kutungamira uye density yekuyerera kwemafuta, kuwiriranisa mavhiri ese. Kana kumhanya kwekutenderera kwe turbine nemavhiri epombi zvakaenderana, reactor inotanga kutenderera navo. Nguva iyi inonzi anchor point.

Kupfuurirazve, komputa, muviri wevharuvhu uye giya bhokisi repuraneti zvinosanganisirwa mubasa. Mutyairi anofambisa lever yekusarudza kune imwe nzvimbo. Ruzivo rwunoverengerwa ne sensor inoenderana, inotamirwa kuECU, uye inotangisa chirongwa chinoenderana neyakasarudzwa modhi. Panguva ino, zvimwe zvinhu zvemapuraneti giya zvinotenderera, asi zvimwe zvakagadziriswa. Muviri wevharuvhu une basa rekugadzirisa zvinhu zvepasi giya bhokisi: ATF inopihwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kuburikidza nemamwe machaneli uye inodzvanya mapiston ekukwenya.

Sezvatakanyora pamusoro, ma hydraulics anoshandiswa kubatidza / kudzima clutches uye mabhureki mabhendi mune otomatiki transmissions. Iyo yemagetsi control system inosarudza nguva yekuchinja kwegiya nekumhanya uye mutoro weinjini. Imwe neimwe yekumhanyisa nhanho (yekumanikidza yemafuta level) mumuviri wevharuvhu inoenderana neimwe nzira.

Kana mutyairi achimanikidza gasi, ma sensors anoverenga kumhanya uye mutoro painjini uye kutumira data kuECU. Kubva pane data yakagamuchirwa, ECU inotanga chirongwa chinoenderana neakasarudzwa maitiro: inotarisa nzvimbo yegiya uye nzira yekutenderera kwayo, inoverenga kudzvinyirira kwemvura, inotumira chiratidzo kune imwe solenoid (valve) uye chiteshi. zvinoenderana nekumhanya kunovhura mumuviri wevharuvhu. Kuburikidza nechiteshi, iyo mvura inopinda mapistoni ezvibatiso uye mabhureki mabhendi, ayo anovhara magiya epuraneti gearbox mukugadziriswa kwaunoda. Izvi zvinobatidza / kudzima giya raunoda.

Kuchinja kwegiya zvakare kunoenderana nehunhu hwekumhanya kwekuwedzera: nekumhanyisa kumhanyisa, magiya anowedzera zvakateerana, nekumhanya kwakapinza, giya rezasi rinotanga kuvhurwa. Izvi zvakare zvine chekuita nekumanikidza: kana iwe uchidzvanya zvinyoro nyoro pedal gasi, kumanikidza kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma uye valve inovhura zvishoma nezvishoma. Nekukurumidza kunopinza, kudzvinyirira kunokwira zvakanyanya, kunoisa kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya pavhavha uye haibvumiri kuti ivhure pakarepo.

Electronics yakawedzera zvakanyanya kugona kweiyo otomatiki kutapurirana. Mabhenefiti emhando ye hydromechanical otomatiki transmissions akawedzerwa neatsva: akasiyana modhi, kugona kuzviongorora wega, kuchinjika kune yekutyaira maitiro, kugona kusarudza modhi nemaoko, uye hupfumi hwemafuta.

Ndeupi musiyano pakati pe otomatiki transmissions?

Vatyairi vazhinji vanoramba vachishingairira kutarisa kune otomatiki kutapurirana, uye pane ruzhinji runyorwa rwezvikonzero zveizvi. Zvakare, makanika echinyakare haana kwaakanyangarika chero kupi zvako. The variator iri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kuvapo kwayo. Kana ari marobhoti, mavhezheni ekutanga emabhokisi aya ari kurasikirwa pasi, asi ari kutsiviwa nemhinduro dzakagadziridzwa senge preselective gearboxes.

Nechinangwa, kunyangwe iyo yakavimbika iripo otomatiki transmissions haigone kupa yakafanana mwero wekuvimbika uye kusimba semakanika. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo dhizaini yekufambisa inooneka yakaderera maererano nekunyaradza, uye inotarisana nemutyairi nechido chekupa nguva yakawandisa uye kutarisa kune clutch uye transmission sector.

Kana iwe ukaedza kutarisa mamiriro acho sezvaunokwanisa, saka tinogona kutaura kuti munguva yedu zviri nani uye zviri nani kutora motokari. ine classic. Mabhokisi akadaro akavimbika, anokwanisika kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa, uye anonzwa zvakanaka mumamiriro akasiyana ekushanda.

Kana iri iyo gearbox iwe uchave wakasununguka, zviri nani uye zvakanyanya kunakidza kutyaira, saka iwe unogona kuisa zvakachengeteka munzvimbo yekutanga kusiana kumhanya dhiraivha.

Robotic mechanics inokodzera varidzi vemotokari vanosarudza yakanyarara nzira yekufamba muguta uye mugwagwa mukuru, uye avo vanotsvaga kuchengetedza mafuta zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. preselective bhokisi (yechipiri chizvarwa chemarobhoti magiya mabhokisi) yakanakira kutyaira, kumhanya kwakanyanya uye kumhanyisa-kumhanya.

Ehe, kana isu tikatora kuvimbika chiyero pakati otomatiki transmissions, ipapo nzvimbo yekutanga ingangove iyo torque inoshandura. CVTs uye marobhoti anogovera chinzvimbo chechipiri.

Zvichienderana nemaonero enyanzvi uye kufanotaura kwavo, ramangwana richiri reCVTs uye mabhokisi epreselective. Vachiri nerwendo rurefu rwekuenda kuti vakure nekuvandudza. Asi ikozvino mabhokisi aya ari kuita nyore, akasununguka uye ane hupfumi, nokudaro achikwezva vateereri vakawanda vevatengi. Chii chaizvo chekusarudza, zviri kwauri.