Mashandiro anoita airbags mazuvano

Mazuva ano, haungashamisi chero munhu nekuvapo kweairbag mumotokari. Vazhinji vane mukurumbira automaker vatove nayo mune yekutanga gadziriso yemamodheru mazhinji. Pamwe chete nebhandi rechigaro, maairbag anodzivirira vagari vemo zvakavimbika kana pakaitika kubonderana uye kuderedza nhamba yevakafa ne30%.

Kuti zvese zvakatanga sei

Pfungwa yekushandisa airbags mumotokari yakashandiswa mukutanga kwe70s yezana remakore rapfuura muUnited States. Iko kukurudzira kwaive kugadzirwa naAllen Breed yebhora sensor - mechanical sensor iyo yakateya kuderera kwakanyanya kwekumhanya panguva yekukanganisa. Uye yekukurumidza jekiseni yegesi, iyo pyrotechnic nzira yakave yakanaka.

Muna 1971, chigadzirwa chacho chakaedzwa muFord Taunus. Uye yekutanga yekugadzira modhi yakashongedzerwa neairbag, gore rakatevera, yaive Oldsmobile Toronado. Nenguva isipi hutsva hwakatorwa nevamwe vanogadzira mota.

Kuiswa kwemapillow ndiko kwaive chikonzero chekusiya kukuru kwekushandiswa kwemabhandi ezvigaro, ayo muAmerica aive asina mukurumbira zvakadaro. Zvisinei, zvakazoitika kuti gasi humburumbira inopfuta pamhepo inenge 300 km / h inogona kukonzera kukuvara kukuru. Kunyanya, zviitiko zvekuputsika kwekervical vertebrae uye kunyange seti yevakafa yakanyorwa.

Chiitiko chevaAmerica chakatorwa muEurope. Anenge makore gumi gare gare, Mercedes-Benz yakaunza hurongwa umo iyo airbag haina kutsiva, asi yakazadzisa mabhandi echigaro. Iyi nzira yakave yakagamuchirwa uye ichiri kushandiswa nanhasi - iyo airbag inotangwa mushure mekunge bhandi rasimbiswa.

Mune ma mechanical sensors anoshandiswa pakutanga, huremu (bhora) hwakachinja panguva yekudhumhana uye yakavhara macontacts akakonzera system. Masensa akadaro akange asina kunyatsokwana uye zvishoma zvishoma. Naizvozvo, ivo vakatsiviwa nemamwe epamberi uye nekukurumidza electromechanical sensors.

Mabhegi emhepo emazuva ano

Airbag ibhegi rakagadzirwa nedura rekugadzira zvinhu. Kana ikamutswa, inenge yobva yazadzwa negasi. Izvo zvinhu zvakaputirwa ne-talc-based lubricant, iyo inosimudzira kukurumidza kuvhurwa.

Iyo sisitimu inowedzerwa nekuvhunduka sensors, jenareta gasi uye control unit.

Shock sensors haitarise simba rekukanganisa, sezvaungafunga, uchitonga nezita, asi kukurumidza. Mukudhumhana, ine kukosha kwakashata - mune mamwe mazwi, tiri kutaura nezve kukurumidza kwekuderera.

Pasi peseat repapassenger pane sensor inoona kuti munhu akagara pairi. Mukushaikwa kwayo, piro inowirirana haishande.

Chinangwa chejenareta gasi ndechekuzadza pakarepo bhegi remhepo negesi. Inogona kuva mafuta akasimba kana hybrid.

Mune propellant yakasimba, nerubatsiro rwe squib, mutero wemafuta akasimba unopisa, uye kupisa kunofambidzana nekusunungurwa kwegesi nitrogen.

Mune yakasanganiswa, kubhadharisa negasi rakamanikidzwa rinoshandiswa - sekutonga, iri nitrogen kana argon.

Mushure mekutanga injini yekupisa yemukati, iyo control unit inotarisa hutano hwehurongwa uye inopa chiratidzo chinoenderana kune dashboard. Panguva yekudhumhana, inoongorora masaini kubva kune sensors uye, zvichienderana nekumhanya kwekufamba, chiyero chekudzikisa, nzvimbo uye kutungamira kwemhedzisiro, inokonzera activation yeinodiwa airbags. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinhu zvose zvinogona kugumira chete kune tension yemabhanhire.

Iyo control unit inowanzo ine capacitor, iyo mhosva inogona kuisa moto kune squib kana iyo pa-board network yakadzimwa zvachose.

Iyo air bag actuation process inoputika uye inoitika isingasviki 50 milliseconds. Mumazuva ano anogadzirisa akasiyana, maviri-nhanho kana akawanda-nhanho activation inogoneka, zvichienderana nesimba rekurova.

Mhando dzemazuva ano airbags

Pakutanga, mabhegi emhepo epamberi chete aishandiswa. Ivo vanoramba vachinyanya kufarirwa kusvika nhasi, kuchengetedza mutyairi uye mutyairi akagara padivi pake. Airbag yemutyairi yakavakirwa muchidhiraivho, uye mufambisi airbag iri padyo nenzvimbo yegirovhosi.

Airbag yekumberi kwemutakuri inowanzogadzirwa kuti isashande kuitira kuti chigaro chemwana chigadzirwe pamberi. Kana isina kudzimwa, kurova kwebharumu rakavhurwa kunogona kuremadza kana kutouraya mwana.

Mabhegi emhepo eparutivi anodzivirira chipfuva uye torso yakaderera. Vanowanzo kuwanikwa kumashure kwechigaro chepamberi. Zvinoitika kuti vanoiswa muzvigaro zvemashure. Mune mamwe mavhezheni epamberi, zvinokwanisika kuve nemakamuri maviri - akanyanya kuomarara akadzika uye akapfava kuchengetedza chipfuva.

Kuti kuderedze mukana wekukanganisa kwechipfuva, piro inoitika kuvakwa zvakananga mubhandi rechigaro.

Mukupera kwema90s, Toyota ndiyo yekutanga kushandisa mabhegi emusoro kana, sezvavanodanwawo, "machira". Iwo akaiswa pamberi uye kumashure kwedenga.

Mumakore mamwechete, mabhegi emhepo emabvi akaonekwa. Vanoiswa pasi pechidhiraivho uye vanodzivirira makumbo emutyairi kubva pakukanganisa. Zvinokwanisikawo kudzivirira makumbo emufambi wepamberi.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, cushion yepakati yakashandiswa. Muchiitiko chekukanganisa kweparutivi kana rollover yemotokari, inodzivirira kukuvara kubva kuvanhu vanodhumhana. Inoiswa mu armrest yekumberi kana kumashure kwechigaro chekumashure.

Nhanho inotevera mukugadzirwa kwenzira yekuchengetedzwa kwemugwagwa ingangove iri kuiswa kweairbag iyo inoshandisa pamigumisiro nemunhu anofamba netsoka uye inodzivirira musoro wake kubva pakurova windshield. Kudzivirirwa kwakadaro kwakatogadzirwa uye patented neVolvo.

Iyo Swedish automaker haisi kuzomira pane izvi uye iri kutoyedza cushion yekunze inodzivirira mota yese.

Air bag inofanira kushandiswa nemazvo

Apo bhegi racho rinozadza kamwe kamwe negasi, kurirova kunogona kuguma nekukuvara kwakakomba kumunhu uye kunyange kukonzera rufu. Ngozi yekutyoka musana kubva pakudhumhana nepiro inowedzera ne70% kana munhu asina kugara.

Naizvozvo, bhandi rechigaro rakasungirirwa chinhu chinodiwa kuti uvhure bhegi remhepo. Kazhinji sisitimu inogadziriswa kuitira kuti kana mutyairi kana mutyairi asina kugara, iyo inoenderana airbag haipfure.

Iyo shoma inobvumidzwa kureba pakati pemunhu nechigaro cheairbag ndeye 25 cm.

Kana motokari iine mbiru inogadziriswa, zviri nani kuti usatakurwa uye usasundira chidhiraivho chakakwirira. Kuiswa zvisina kunaka kweairbag kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kumutyairi.

Mafeni evasina-standard taxiing panguva yekupfurwa kwepillow panjodzi yekutyora maoko avo. Nechinzvimbo chisina kururama chemaoko emutyairi, bhegi remhepo rinotowedzera mukana wekuputsika kana uchienzaniswa nezviitiko izvo pane bhanhire rakasungirirwa chete.

Kana bhanhire rakasungirirwa, mukana wekukuvara kana bhegi remhepo rinoshandiswa iduku, asi zvichiri kuitika.

Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, airbag deployment inogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kana kukonzera chirwere chemoyo. Kukanganisa pamagirazi kunogona kuputsa lenses, uye ipapo kune ngozi yekukuvadza kwemaziso.

Common airbag ngano

Kurova motokari yakamira nechinhu chinorema kana, semuenzaniso, davi remuti rinodonha rinogona kuita kuti airbag iende.

Muchokwadi, hapazove nekuvhiya, nekuti mune iyi inomhanyisa sensor inoudza iyo control unit kuti mota yakamira. Nechikonzero chimwe chete, iyo system haishande kana imwe mota ichipinda mumotokari yakamira.

Skid kana kuerekana braking inogona kukonzera airbag kubuda.

Izvi zviri kunze kwemubvunzo zvachose. Kushanda kunokwanisika nekuremerwa kwe8g uye pamusoro. Kuenzanisa, Formula 1 racers kana vatyairi vendege havapfuuri 5g. Naizvozvo, kana mabhureki ekukurumidzira, kana makomba, kana shanduko yenzira yakangoerekana yatungamira kune bhegi remhepo kupfura. Kudhumhana nemhuka kana midhudhudhu zvakare kazhinji hakuite maairbag.