Ungasarudza sei, kugadzirisa uye kuisa crankshaft paVAZ 2106

Injini yekupisa yemukati haigone kufungidzirwa pasina crankshaft, sezvo iri chikamu ichi chinokutendera kutamisa mota kubva panzvimbo yayo. Iwo mapistoni anongoratidzwa chete nekushandura mafambiro, uye kutapurirana kunoda torque, iyo inogona kuwanikwa nekuda kwe crankshaft. Nokufamba kwenguva, iyo michina inopera uye inoda basa rekugadzirisa. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuziva zvekuita uye munhevedzano ipi, zvii zvekushandisa.

Sei tichida crankshaft mune VAZ 2106 injini

Iyo crankshaft (crankshaft) chikamu chakakosha cheiyo crank mechanism yeimwe injini. Kushanda kwechikwata kune chinangwa chekushandura simba remagetsi ekupisa kuva magetsi emagetsi.

Tsanangudzo ye crankshaft VAZ 2106

Iyo crankshaft ine dhizaini yakaoma, ine majenari ekubatanidza tsvimbo ari paaxis imwechete, ayo akabatanidzwa nenzira yematama akakosha. Nhamba yemabhuku ekubatanidza tsvimbo paVAZ 2106 injini ine ina, iyo inofananidzwa nenhamba yemasilinda. Matanda anobatanidza anobatanidza majenari ari pashaft kumapistoni, zvichiita kuti pave nekufamba kunodzokerana.

Funga zvinhu zvikuru zve crankshaft:

1. Iwo majenari makuru ndiwo anotsigira chikamu che shaft uye akaiswa pamabhengi makuru (ari mu crankcase).
2. Kubatanidza mitsipa yetsvimbo. Ichi chikamu chakagadzirirwa kubatanidza crankshaft nematanda ekubatanidza. Mapepa ekubatanidza tsvimbo, kusiyana neaya makuru, ane nguva dzose yekutama kumativi.
3. Matama - chikamu chinopa kubatana kwemhando mbiri dze shaft magazini.
4. Counterweights - chinhu chinoenzanisa huremu hwekubatanidza tsvimbo uye pistons.
5. Kumberi kweshaft ndiyo chikamu icho pulley uye giya rekugadzirisa nguva inoiswa.
6. Rear end. Flywheel yakabatanidzwa pairi.

Zvimiro, crankshaft ine tsvimbo yekubatanidza uye majenari makuru, matama, counterweights.

Zvisimbiso zvinoiswa pamberi uye kuseri kwe crankshaft - zvisimbiso zvemafuta, izvo zvinodzivirira mafuta kuti asapukunyuke kuenda kunze. Iyo yese meshini ye crankshaft inotenderera nekutenda kune yakakosha plain bearings (liners). Ichi chikamu iplate yesimbi yakatetepa yakavharwa nezvinhu zvakaderera. Kuti udzivise shaft kubva pakufamba pamwe neaxis, thrust bearing inoshandiswa. Izvo zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira crankshaft isimbi kana alloy simbi, pamwe neakagadziridzwa simbi yakakandwa, uye maitiro ekugadzira pachawo anoitwa nekukanda kana kutsika.

Iyo crankshaft yemagetsi unit ine yakaoma mudziyo, asi musimboti wekushanda kwayo uri nyore. Mumagetsi ejini, musanganiswa wemafuta-mhepo unopisa uye unopisa, zvichiita kuti kusunungurwa kwemagasi. Munguva yekuwedzera, magasi anoita pamapistoni, izvo zvinotungamirira kumafambiro ekushandura. Simba remagetsi kubva kuzvinhu zvepiston rinotamirwa kune matanda ekubatanidza, ayo akabatanidzwa kwavari kuburikidza nesleeve uye piston piston.

Chinhu chakaita sedanda rekubatanidza chakabatana nejenari re crankshaft uchishandisa chinoisa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kufamba kwekushandura kwepiston kunoshandurwa kuita kutenderera kwe crankshaft. Kana shaft ikaita hafu yekutendeuka (inotendeuka 180˚), crankpin inodzokera kumashure, nekudaro ichiva nechokwadi chekudzoka kwepiston. Zvadaro zvitenderera zvinodzokororwa.

Iyo tsvimbo yekubatanidza yakagadzirirwa kubatanidza piston kune crankshaft

Izvo zvisinganyanyi kukosha mukushanda kwe crankshaft inzira yekuzora nzvimbo dzekuzora, iyo inosanganisira yekubatanidza tsvimbo uye mainjenari. Zvakakosha kuziva uye kuyeuka kuti iyo lubricant inopa kune shaft inoitika pasi pekumanikidzwa, iyo inogadzirwa nepombi yemafuta. Oiri inopihwa kune yega yega main magazine zvakasiyana kubva kune general lubrication system. Lubricant inopiwa kumitsipa yekubatanidza tsvimbo kuburikidza nematanho anokosha ari mumagazini makuru.

Mitsipa miyero

Iyo huru uye yekubatanidza tsvimbo majenari inopera sezvo injini inoshandiswa, izvo zvinotungamira kutyora kwekushanda kwakaringana kwesimba remagetsi. Mukuwedzera, kupfeka kunogona kusanganiswa nemhando dzakasiyana dzematambudziko einjini. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• kuderera kwakadzika muhurongwa hwekuzora;
• yakaderera mafuta mwero mu crankcase;
• kupisa kwemota, izvo zvinotungamira mukuderedzwa kwemafuta;
• mafuta asina kunaka;
• kuvharika kwakanyanya kwesefa yemafuta.

Iyo shaft mushure mekuputswa inofanirwa kuongororwa kuti inoenderana nehukuru, uye wobva watora mhedziso: kukuya kunodiwa kana kwete.

Iyo yakanyorwa nuances inotungamirira kukuvadzwa pamusoro pezvinyorwa zve shaft, izvo zvinoratidza kudiwa kwekugadzirisa kana kuchinjwa kwegungano. Kuti uongorore kupfeka kwemitsipa, unoda kuziva zviyero zvavo, izvo zvinoratidzwa mutafura.

Tafura: crankshaft journal diameters

tsvimbo yekubatanidza					Indigenous
Nominal	Kugadzirisa				Nominal	Kugadzirisa
	0,25	0,5	0,75	1		0,25	0,5	0,75	1
47,814	47,564	47,314	47,064	46,814	50,775	50,525	50,275	50,025	49,775
47,834	47,584	47,334	47,084	46,834	50,795	50,545	50,295	50,045	49,795

Zvekuita kana mitsipa yapfekwa

Ndezvipi zviito zvekupfeka kwe crankshaft magazini paVAZ 2106? Kutanga, kugadzirisa dambudziko kunoitwa, kuyerwa kunotorwa ne micrometer, mushure meiyo crankshaft magazini inokwenenzverwa pamichina yakakosha kune saizi yekugadzirisa. Mumamiriro egaraji, iyi nzira haigone kuitwa. Kukuya kwemitsipa kunoitwa kusvika kuhukuru hwepedyo (zvichienderana nematafura akapiwa). Mushure mekugadzirisa, yakakora liners (kugadzirisa) inoiswa maererano nehukuru hutsva hwemitsipa.

Kuti uongorore mamiriro e crankshaft zvose zvisati zvaitika uye shure kwekukuya, shandisa micrometer

Kana injini iri kuvandudzwa, haizove yakanyanyisa kuongorora pombi yemafuta, kuvhuvhuta nzira dzemafuta evhavhavhavhavha, pamwe ne crankshaft pachayo. Kuchenjerera kunofanira kubhadharwa kune inotonhora system. Kana paine zviratidzo zvekupfeka kana kukuvadzwa pazvinhu zveinjini kana masisitimu ayo, zvikamu uye michina inoda kugadziriswa kana kutsiviwa.

Vhidhiyo: kukuya crankshaft pamushini

Kukuya crankshaft magazini 02

Crankshaft sarudzo

Kudiwa kwekusarudza crankshaft yeVAZ 2106, kufanana nedzimwe motokari, inomuka muchiitiko chekugadzirisa injini kana kuvandudza injini. Pasinei nemabasa, zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti crankshaft inofanirwa kuve inorema, ine inorema counterweights. Kana chikamu chacho chakasarudzwa zvakanaka, kurasikirwa kwemagetsi kuchaderedzwa zvakanyanya, pamwe chete nemimwe mitoro pamichina.

Muchisarudzo chekusarudza node, kunyange kana iri itsva, kunyatsotariswa kunobhadharwa pamusoro payo: hapafaniri kunge kune zvikanganiso zvinooneka, zvakadai sezvikwepa, chips, scuffs. Mukuwedzera, kutariswa kunobhadharwa kune akati wandei maitiro e crankshaft, anoti coaxiality, ovality, taper uye dhayamita yemutsipa. Munguva yekusangana kwemota, crankshaft yakaenzana kuenzanisa zvinhu zvese zvinotenderera. Nokuda kweiyi nzira, chigadziko chakakosha chinoshandiswa. Pakupera kwekuenzanisa, gadzirisa flywheel uye uenderere mberi maitiro zvakare. Mushure maizvozvi, bhasiketi yeclutch uye zvimwe zvinhu (pulleys) zvakasungirirwa. Iko hakuna chikonzero chekuenzanisa ne clutch disc.

Kuisa crankshaft paVAZ 2106

Usati waenderera mberi nekuiswa kwe crankshaft pa "chitanhatu", iwe uchada kugadzirira cylinder block: geza uye uchenese kubva kune tsvina, wozoiomesa. Iyo yekuisa maitiro haigoneki pasina maturusi, saka unofanirwa kutarisira kugadzirira kwavo:

• seti yekiyi;
• screwdriwer set;
• micrometer;
• zvinoshandiswa (zvinopinza, zvisimbiso, zvindori zvehafu);
• torque chipanera.

Kuti uise shaft mu block, iwe uchada screwdrivers, makiyi, micrometer uye consumables.

crankshaft bearing

Iro rine cage rakakura rakaiswa kumashure kweVAZ 2106 crankshaft, iyo inopinzwa shaft yegiya bhokisi. Paunenge uchigadzirisa chikwata chemagetsi, zvichave zvinobatsira kutarisa kushanda kwekutakura. Kusashanda zvakanaka kwechikamu ichi ndiko kutaridzika kwekutamba uye crunching. Kutsiva kubereka, unogona kushandisa yakakosha yekudhonza kana kushandisa nzira iri nyore - kugogodza nesando uye chisel. Mukuwedzera kune chokwadi chokuti chikamu chichada kubviswa, zvakakosha kutenga chigadzirwa chechimiro chakakodzera, iyo 15x35x14 mm.

Iyo crankshaft inotakura ine cage yakakura yekuisa iyo gearbox yekuisa shaft mairi

Crankshaft mafuta zvisimbiso

Zvisimbiso zvemberi uye kumashure zvemafuta zvinofanirwa kutsiviwa panguva yekugadzirisa injini, zvisinei nehupenyu hwavo hwebasa. Zviri nyore kwazvo kubvisa yekare uye kuisa cuffs nyowani pane injini yakabviswa. Zvose zvisimbiso zvakaiswa mumavharo anokosha (kumberi uye kumashure).

Iyo yekumberi crankshaft mafuta chisimbiso inoiswa muvhavha yepamberi yevhavha (nguva yekuvharira)

Hakufanirwe kunge paine matambudziko ekubvisa zvisimbiso zvekare zvemafuta: kutanga, uchishandisa adapta (ndebvu), chisimbiso chakaiswa kare chinogogodzwa, uyezve, uchishandisa mandrel yehukuru hwakakodzera, chikamu chitsva chinodzvanywa. Paunenge uchitenga macuffs matsva, teerera kune saizi yavo:

1. 40*56*7 yekumberi;
2. 70*90*10 yekumashure.

Chisimbiso chemafuta chekumashure chinoiswa muvhavha yekumashure yebhuroko nekutsikirira chikamu chine mandrel akakodzera.

Liners

Kana kukanganisa kwakasiyana-siyana kana zviratidzo zvekupfeka zvakawanikwa pamusoro pemabheji, mabheji anofanira kuchinjwa, sezvo asingagoni kugadziriswa. Kuti uone kana mabhanhire akabviswa anogona kushandiswa mune ramangwana, zvichave zvakakosha kuyera pakati pavo uye tsvimbo yekubatanidza, pamwe chete nemagazini makuru e shaft. Kune majenari makuru, saizi inotenderwa ndeye 0,15 mm, yekubatanidza tsvimbo magazini - 0,1 mm. Muchiitiko chekupfuura miganhu inobvumirwa, mabheji anofanirwa kuchinjwa nezvikamu nehupamhi hukuru mushure mokunge mitsipa yabvongodzwa. Nekusarudzwa kwakakodzera kwemagetsi ehukuru hwakakodzera hwemutsipa, kutenderera kwe crankshaft kunofanira kusununguka.

zvindori zvehafu

Kanda zvindori zvehafu (crescents) kudzivirira axial displacement ye crankshaft. Kufanana nemagetsi, haafaniri kugadziriswa. Nekukanganisa kunoonekwa kwehafu-mhete, chikamu chinofanira kutsiviwa. Uye zvakare, ivo vanofanirwa kutsiviwa kana iyo axial clearance ye crankshaft ichipfuura inobvumidzwa (0,35 mm). Mitsva mitsva inosarudzwa maererano nehuwandu hwezita. Iyo axial clearance munyaya iyi inofanira kuva 0,06-0,26 mm.

Kudzivirira axial displacement ye crankshaft, kukanda hafu zvindori zvinoshandiswa.

Zvindori zvehafu zvakaiswa pa "nhanhatu" pachikamu chechishanu chikuru (yekutanga kubva kuflywheel). Zvinhu zvekugadzira zvinhu zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana:

• padivi rinobhururuka - ndarira, ceramic-simbi, mhangura;
• kubva kurutivi rwemberi - ndarira, simbi-aluminium.

Ndechipi chezvikamu zvakanyorwa zvekusarudza zvinoenderana nezvido zvemuridzi wemotokari. Vashandi vane ruzivo vanorayira kuisa zvigadzirwa zvebhuronzi. Pamusoro pezvinyorwa, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune chokwadi chekuti hafu-mhete ine slots yekuzora. Iyo yekumberi crescent inoiswa ine slots kune shaft, iyo yekumashure crescent - kunze.

Nzira yekugadzira crankshaft paVAZ 2106

Kana kuongororwa kwaitwa, kugadzirisa kwe crankshaft, pamwe kufinha, maturusi anodiwa uye zvikamu zvakagadzirirwa, unogona kuenderera mberi nekuisa michina pajini. Iyo nzira yekuisa crankshaft pa "Lada" yechitanhatu modhi ine nhanho dzinotevera:

1. Isu tinodzvanya mukutakura kweiyo shaft yekupinza yegiya bhokisi.
   

   Isu tinoisa bearing kumashure kwe crankshaft tichishandisa yakakodzera mandrel.
2. Tinoisa root bearings. Gungano rinoitwa nokungwarira kudzivirira kuvhiringidzika: iwo makuru makuru uye ane groove yekuzora (inoisa isina groove yakaiswa pachigaro chechitatu), kusiyana nekubatanidza tsvimbo.
   

   Usati waisa crankshaft mubhuroka, zvinodikanwa kuisa mainbearings
3. Tinoisa zvindori zvehafu.
   

   Hafu mhete dzinofanirwa kuiswa nenzira kwayo: yekumberi yakatsemurwa kune shaft, yekumashure iri kunze.
4. Isa mafuta einjini yakachena kune crankshaft journals.
5. Isu tinoisa shaft mujini block.
   

   Iyo crankshaft yakanyatsoiswa mucylinder block, kudzivirira kuvhunduka
6. Isu tinoisa zvivharo nemabheji makuru nekiyi kukiya, mushure mezvo tinozvisimbisa ne torque ye 68-84 Nm, mushure mekunyorovesa mabhoti nemafuta ejini.
   

   Pakuisa zvivharo zvine main bearings, zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuiswa kukiya kukiya
7. Isu tinokwidza tsvimbo yekubatanidza inotakura mabhomba uye kugadzirisa matanda ekubatanidza ivo pachavo ne torque isingasviki 54 Nm.
   

   Kuti tiise mabheji ematanda ekubatanidza, tinoisa imwe hafu yekutakura mudanda rekubatanidza, uyezve, tichiisa piston mu cylinder, isa chikamu chechipiri uye simbisa.
8. Isu tinotarisa kuti crankshaft inotenderera sei: chikamu chinofanira kutenderera zvakasununguka, pasina jamming uye backlash.
9. Isa yekumashure crankshaft chisimbiso.
10. Batanidza tray cover.
    

    Kuti uise chifukidzo chepallet, iwe uchada kuisa pa gasket, chifukidziro pachacho, uye wozochigadzirisa
11. Isu tinogadzira kuisirwa promshaft ("piglet"), magiya, maketani.
    

    Isu tinoisa promshaft uye magiya tisati taisa chivharo chenguva
12. Isu tinoisa chivharo chenguva nechisimbiso chemafuta.
    

    Chivharo chemberi cheinjini chinoiswa pamwe chete nechisimbiso chemafuta
13. Isu tinoisa crankshaft pulley uye tinoisunga ne 38 bolt.
    

    Mushure mekuisa crankshaft pulley pane shaft, tinoigadzirisa nebhaudhi ye38
14. Isu tinoisa zvinhu zvekugadzirisa nguva, kusanganisira cylinder musoro.
15. Tinodhonza cheni.
    

    Mushure mekuisa musoro uye kuchengetedza sprocket kune camshaft, iwe unozofanirwa kusimbisa ketani.
16. Tinoisa mamakisi pamashafu maviri.
    

    Nokuda kwekushanda kweinjini, nzvimbo ye camshaft uye crankshaft inogadziriswa maererano nemaki
17. Isu tinoita kuiswa kwezvikamu zvakasara uye magungano.

Kuti uvandudze kuvhara, injini gaskets inokurudzirwa kuiswa uchishandisa sealant.

Vhidhiyo: kuisa crankshaft pa "classic"

Crankshaft VAZ "Installation in the block"

Crankshaft pulley

Jenereta uye pombi yemvura paVAZ 2106 inotungamirirwa nebhanhire kubva ku crankshaft pulley. Paunenge uchiita basa rekugadzirisa neinjini, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune mamiriro epulley: pane chero kukuvara kunoonekwa (kutsemuka, scuffs, dents). Kana kukanganisa kunowanikwa, chikamu chinofanira kuchinjwa.

Paunenge uchigadzirisa injini, nyatsoongorora crankshaft pulley yekukuvara. Kana kukanganisa kunowanikwa, chikamu chinofanira kuchinjwa.

Panguva yekuisa, pulley pa crankshaft inofanira kugara yakaenzana, pasina kukanganisa. Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti pulley inogara yakanyatso kusimba pane shaft, kiyi inoshandiswa kudzivirira kutenderera, iyo inogona zvakare kukuvadzwa. Chikamu chakaremara chinofanira kutsiviwa.

Kuchengetedza crankshaft pulley kubva pakutendeuka, kiyi inoshandiswa. Chikamu chinogona kuparara nekufamba kwenguva, izvo zvinoratidza kudiwa kwekuchitsiva.

Crankshaft marks

Kuti injini ishande zvisina mhosva, mushure mekuisa crankshaft, iyo yekumisikidza chaiyo inodiwa. Iko kune yakakosha ebb pane crankshaft pulley, uye pane silinda block pane mamaki matatu (maviri mapfupi uye imwe akareba) anoenderana nenguva yekubatidza. Iwo maviri ekutanga anoratidza kona ye5˚ uye 10˚, uye iyo yakareba - 0˚ (TDC).

Pa crankshaft pulley uye pa cylinder block pane mamaki ayo piston yekutanga inogadzikwa kuTDC yekumisikidza kwakaringana.

Mucherechedzo pa crankshaft pulley inowanikwa yakatarisana nehurefu hwenjodzi pane cylinder block. Kune zvakare mucherechedzo pane camshaft sprocket iyo inofanirwa kuenderana neiyo ebb pane inotakura imba. Kutenderedza crankshaft, kiyi yakakosha yechiyero chakakodzera inoshandiswa. Zvinoenderana neakaiswa mamaki, piston yecylinder yekutanga iri pamusoro penzvimbo yakafa, nepo inotsvedza pane inoparadzira ignition inofanira kuiswa yakatarisana nekusangana kwecylinder yekutanga.

Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti crankshaft chikamu chakakosha cheinjini chero ipi zvayo, kunyangwe mugadziri wemotokari anogona kugadzirisa mashini, kunze kwechikamu chekukuya. Chinhu chikuru ndechokusarudza zvinhu zvinoenderana nehukuru hwe shaft, uye wozotevera nhanho-nhanho mirairo yekuiunganidza.