Chii chakaita zviratidzo zvemotokari dzeSoviet uye zvairevei
Zviri mukati
Muna 1976, muJelgava, pedyo neRiga, kugadzirwa kweiyo iconic Rafik-2203 kwakatanga. Vagadziri veSoviet vakaedza kuita zviratidzo zvemotokari zvemazuva ano. Iyo radiator grill yevakawanda-yakagadzirwa van yakashongedzwa neyakajeka ndiro dzvuku, pairi iyo silhouette yeminibus ine chikamu chepamusoro muchimiro chechidimbu RAF inoratidzwa nemitsara yesirivha.
Zviratidzo zvemotokari dzeSoviet chikamu chenhoroondo yeUSSR. Ivo vakazadzwa nechiratidzo chakadzika uye vanoitwa padanho repamusoro rehunyanzvi. Kazhinji, vagari venyika vaitora chikamu muhurukuro yemifananidzo.
AZLK (Lenin Komsomol Automobile Plant)
Nzvimbo yekugadzira motokari yeMoscow yakatanga kushanda muna 1930. Achiwedzera kuzita rayo mutsara wekuti "zita reCommunist Youth International", akagamuchira chidimbu cheKIM pachiratidzo pakatarisana nemureza mutsvuku weproletarian, sezvakakodzera mabheji emotokari dzeUSSR. Muna 1945 yakakunda, kugadzirwa kwakatumidzwa zita reMoscow Small Car Plant. Kugadzirwa kweMoskvich kwakatangwa, pane chiratidzo chekuti Kremlin Tower yakaonekwa uye ruby nyeredzi yakapenya.
Nokufamba kwenguva, zvinhu zvakachinja zvishoma, asi chiratidzo chinooneka chakaramba chichifarirwa neSoviet auto industry munyika yose. Moskvitch yakakwezva kutarisa kwevateereri, ichikwikwidza nemotokari dzekunze dzekunze mumisangano yakakurumbira yepasirese: London-Sydney, London-Mexico City, Tour of Europe, Golden Sands, Raid Polski. Somugumisiro, yakatengeswa kunyika dzakawanda.
AZLK (Lenin Komsomol Automobile Plant)
Pakupera kwema80s, Moskvich-2141 akapinda mukugadzirwa. Pahwaro hwayo, michina ine mazita emuchinda "Ivan Kalita", "Prince Vladimir", "Prince Yuri Dolgoruky" ari kugadzirwa. Pazita rezita pasara imwe nondescript simbi-yemavara prong yeKremlin madziro, akanyoreswa sebhii "M". Iyo inowedzerwa neiyo AZLK siginecha, kubvira 1968 kambani yave ichinzi Lenin Komsomol Automobile Plant.
Muna 2001, imwe yemhando dzekare dzemotokari dzepamba yakamiswa, mabheji ayo uye mazita emazita zvino anogona kuwanikwa chete pane zvisingaite, mazhinji ayo anorarama hupenyu hwavo mumiunganidzwa ega kana polytechnic mamuseum.
VAZ (Volga Automobile Plant)
Muna 1966, hurumende yeSoviet Union yakapinda muchibvumirano nemugadziri wemotokari wekuItaly kugadzira bhizinesi rakazara. Iyo inozivikanwa "penny" ("VAZ 2101") ndiyo motokari yekutanga iyo mushandiwo zvake aigona kutenga zvakasununguka. Iyi FIAT-124 yakagadziridzwa zvishoma yemamiriro enzvimbo, iyo muna 1966 yakava "Mota yeGore" muEurope.
Pakutanga, makiti egungano asina bheji pane radiator grill akatumirwa kuUSSR kubva kuTurin. Vagadziri vepamba vakatsiva chidimbu cheFIAT ne "VAZ". Nechiratidzo ichi chine rectangular, wekutanga Zhiguli akakunguruka kubva pamutsetse wegungano reTolyatti muna 1970. Mugore rimwe chete, motokari dzakatanga kugadzirirwa mazita emazita akapiwa kubva kuItaly, akagadzirwa pamusana pemufananidzo wemufananidzo weA. Dekalenkov. Pamusoro pepepuru ine lacquered surface ine masaisai asingaonekwe, chikepe chekare cheRussia chakayangarara chakayangarara. Chinyorwa chayo chaisanganisira tsamba "B", zvichida - kubva kuVolga River kana VAZ. Pazasi, siginecha "Tolyatti" yakawedzerwa, iyo yakazonyangarika, sezvo kuvapo kwayo kwaipesana nezvinodiwa zvechiratidzo.
VAZ (Volga Automobile Plant)
Mune ramangwana, chiratidzo cheiyo brand haina kuchinja zvakanyanya. Zvinoenderana nemaitiro eiyo indasitiri yemotokari yepasi rose, chikepe, kumashure kwachiri, uye furemu yakashanduka. Pa "matanhatu" munda wakaita mutema. Ipapo chiratidzo chakava plastiki, mafungu akanyangarika. Mumakore ekuma90, silhouette yakanyorwa muovha. Pane ruvara rwebhuruu musiyano.
GAZ (Gorky Automobile Plant)
"Volgari" yakagadzira, zvichida, zviratidzo zvinoshamisa zvemotokari muUSSR. Mota dzakasiyana dzeGorky bhizinesi dzakatakura zviratidzo zvakasiyana pane hood. Yakagadzirwa kubva 1932, mota dzeModel A nemarori eAA, ayo aive akavakirwa pazvigadzirwa zveFord, akagara nhaka yedhizaini yekusazvibata kubva kumadzitateguru avo. Pandiro yeovha painge pakanyorwa kutsvaira kuti “GAZ them. Molotov”, akakomberedzwa mativi ese nemifananidzo ine fungidziro ine pfungwa yeyachinjika sando nejeko. Yaive yakasviba zvachose, kana neyakasiyana grey tint.
Iyo yakakurumbira "emka" ("M 1936"), yakabudiswa muna 1, yakagamuchira mamwe constructivist label: tsamba "M" (Molotovets) uye nhamba "1" yakanyatsobatanidzwa, zvinyorwa zvakaiswa mutsvuku pachena kana sirivha. pamucheka mutsvuku.
GAZ (Gorky Automobile Plant)
Muna 1946, muenzaniso unotevera wakabuda, uine nhamba ye "M 20". Mukurangarira kukundwa kwevaNazi muGreat Patriotic War, yainzi "Victory". Iyo yakavezwa "M" yakaonekwa seinongedzo kumadziro eKremlin rusvingo; mune seagull inofamba pamusoro pemvura - Rwizi rweVolga. Tsamba yacho inogadzirwa nemuvara mutsvuku ine sirivheri edging, iyo inofananidzira yaireva bhena dzvuku. Yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune nameplate ndiro ndiro ine chinyorwa "GAS", yakabatanidzwa mubato rekusimudza hood.
Muna 1949, chiratidzo chikuru chakagadzirwa kune mukuru "M 12". Pakatarisana nekumashure kweKremlin tower ine ruby nyeredzi nhoo tsvuku. Nondo inomhanya yakanyura pairi, iyo yave chiratidzo chakakurumbira chepasi rose chezvigadzirwa zveGorky mota bhizinesi. Mufananidzo wacho wakagadzirwa nesimbi yesirivha. Mhuka inokudzwa yakaonekwa pabheji kwete netsaona - yakakweretwa kubva jasi remaoko reNizhny Novgorod mudunhu reRussia Humambo. Muna 1956, pahood yeGAZ-21 (Volga) chifananidzo chetatu-dimensional chemhembwe inobhururuka chakagara uye chikava chinhu chinodiwa nezvizvarwa zvakawanda zvevatyairi.
Muna 1959, nhovo tsvuku dzine nhare dzakashongedzwa dzakaonekwa pachiratidzo chehurumende Chaika. Mhembwe inomhanya iri pagrille uye pachivharo chehunde. Muna 1997 kumashure kunoshanduka kuva bhuruu, muna 2015 inoshanduka kuva dema. Panguva imwecheteyo, nhare dzenhare uye chidimbu chinopera. Chiratidzo chinotenderwa seyepamutemo chigadzirwa logo kune ese mamodheru matsva eboka reGAZ, rinosanganisira Pavlovsky, Likinsky uye vagadziri vemabhazi eKurgan.
ErAZ (Yerevan Automobile Plant)
MuArmenia, bhizinesi rakagadzira zvinotakura uye mavheni ane simba rekutakura rinosvika tani paGAZ-21 Volga chassis. Mamodheru ekutanga akaunganidzwa muna 1966 zvichienderana nemagwaro akagadzirwa kuRiga Bus Factory (RAF). Gare gare, "ErAZ-762 (RAF-977K)" yakagadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.
Iyo itsva yakakosha modhi "ErAZ-3730" uye marudzi akaiswa mukugadzirwa chete muna 1995. Kusunungurwa kwevanhu vakawanda kwakakundikana.
ErAZ (Yerevan Automobile Plant)
Chiratidzo chemotokari chaiva chakanyorwa "ErAZ". Vara rekuti "r" pandiro yerima rectangular raive rakaoma kusiyanisa. Dzimwe nguva kunyorwa kwacho kwaiitwa mune oblique vhezheni isina kumashure. Gare gare makombi aiva nechiratidzo cheraundi chechrome muchimiro chepikitogiramu yairatidzira Gomo reArarati neLake Sevan, iro rinoratidzira vanhu vokuArmenia. Kazhinji, motokari dzeYerevan dzaitengeswa pasina mabheji, kusiyana nemotokari dzeSoviet dzataurwa pamusoro apa.
KAvZ (Kurgan Bus Plant)
Muna 1958, dangwe, rakagadzirwa nevagadziri kubva kuPavlovsk, rakasiya musangano - "KAvZ-651 (PAZ-651A)" pane imwe nheyo yeGAZ-51 rori. Kubva muna 1971, kugadzirwa kwemuenzaniso 685 kwakatanga. Kuisa muviri wayo pamatarakita eUral, vanhu veKurgan vanounganidza vashandi vane simba. Muna 1992, kugadzirwa kwemabhazi ega kwakatanga maererano nehurongwa hwekutakura, zvakachengeteka uye zvakanyanya kugadzikana. Muna 2001, takagadzira kutakura kwechikoro kwepakutanga kunoenderana neGOST yekutakura vana. Michina yakadaro yakapiwa kwete muRussia chete, asiwo kuBelarus, Kazakhstan neUkraine.
KAvZ (Kurgan Bus Plant)
Plain grey mahwendefa akabatanidzwa kune yekare Ural hoods. Pakati, maviri emurwi anoratidzwa nerwizi kutsoka uye gore pamusoro pezvikomo zvinotorwa mudenderedzwa rine chinyorwa "Kurgan". Kune rumwe rutivi rworuboshwe rwechiratidzo rwakanyorwa kuti "KavZ", kurudyi - nhamba ine nhamba yemuenzaniso.
Mienzaniso yakagadziridzwa mushure mekupinda kweKurgan automaker muboka reGAZ inotakura chiratidzo chekambani muchimiro chenhoo nhema ine mhembwe yesirivha inomhanya pane radiator grille.
RAF (Riga Bus Factory)
Muna 1953, mabhoneti ekutanga akazara RAF-651, makopi eGorky's GZA-651, akagadzirwa. Muna 1955, RAF-251 ngoro bhazi yakatangwa. Zvigadzirwa izvi zvakanga zvisati zvave nechiratidzo chazvo.
Muna 1957, nhoroondo yemabhazi akakurumbira akatanga, iyo prototype iyo yaiva iconic Volkswagen van. Nechekare muna 1958 akatanga kusunungurwa "RAF-977". Pamadziro emberi kwehull yake, diagonal chinyorwa RAF chakaiswa panhoo tsvuku.
RAF (Riga Bus Factory)
Muna 1976, muJelgava, pedyo neRiga, kugadzirwa kweiyo iconic Rafik-2203 kwakatanga. Vagadziri veSoviet vakaedza kuita zviratidzo zvemotokari zvemazuva ano. Iyo radiator grill yevakawanda-yakagadzirwa van yakashongedzwa neyakajeka ndiro dzvuku, pairi iyo silhouette yeminibus ine chikamu chepamusoro muchimiro chechidimbu RAF inoratidzwa nemitsara yesirivha.
ZAZ (Zaporozhye Automobile Plant)
Iyo mota yakavakirwa paiyo FIAT-600 nyowani pasi pezita rekuti "Moskvich-560" yakachinjirwa kubudiriro muZaporozhye. Muna 1960, motokari dzekutanga dzeZAZ-965 dzakagadzirwa, dzinonzi "humped" nokuda kwechimiro chepakutanga chemuviri. Nzvimbo yemabheji avo emotokari yakanga isina kujairika kumotokari kubva kuUSSR. Kuumbwa kwaidzika kubva pa windshield pakati pechivharo chehunde. Yakapera neasterisk yakatsvuka yakatsetseka, umo chidimbu che "ZAZ" chakanyorwa neunyanzvi.
Makore matanhatu gare gare, Zaporozhets-966 dzakaona chiedza chezuva, chakaita seWest German NSU Prinz 4. Nemhaka yemhepo huru yemhepo iri kumativi eimba yeinjini, vanhu vakatumidza motokari iyi zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "nzeve". Chiratidzo chine rectangular chine chrome rim chinoiswa pachivharo chehunde. Pamunda mutsvuku, tsika dzemabheji emotokari yeU.SR, yakaratidzwa chiratidzo cheZaporozhye - dhamu reDneproGES rakatumidzwa zita reV. I. Lenin, pamusoro - chinyorwa "ZAZ". Dzimwe nguva motokari dzakapedzwa neine triangular tsvuku kana chena-tsvuku nameplate ine zita remuti pasi.
ZAZ (Zaporozhye Automobile Plant)
Kubva 1980, kambani yakatanga kugadzira "Zaporozhets-968M", inonzi "Sipo bhokisi" nokuda kwechinyakare dhizaini. Iyo 968 yakapedzwa nezviratidzo zvakafanana neyakaitangira.
Muna 1988, kugadzirwa kwakawanda kweTavria kwakatanga neinjini yekumberi. Gare gare, pahwaro hwayo, hatchback yemasuo mashanu "Dana" uye sedan "Slaluta" yakagadzirwa. Mota idzi dzaive dzakaiswa mabheji epurasitiki muchimiro chemavara egrey "Z" pane nhema.
Muna 2017, kugadzirwa kwemotokari paZAZ kwakamiswa.
