Chii chinofanira kunge chiri musiyano pakati pepiston uye silinda
Zviri mukati
Kuti ive nechokwadi chekutsikirira kwakanyanya muinjini, uye izvi zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda kwayo uye humwe hunyanzvi maererano nekubuda, kureruka kwekutanga uye kushandiswa kwakananga, mapistoni anofanira kunge ari mumasilinda ane zvishoma kubvumidzwa. Asi hazvibviri kuidzikisa kusvika zero, nekuda kwekushisa kwakasiyana kwezvikamu, injini ichajamba.
Naizvozvo, iyo clearance inotarwa nekuverenga uye kunyatsocherechedzwa, uye iyo inodiwa chisimbiso inowanikwa nekushandisa spring piston zvindori segasi uye chisimbiso chemafuta.
Sei kuchena pakati pepiston necylinder kuchichinja?
Vagadziri vemota vanoyedza kuita kuti zvikamu zveinjini zvishande mune fluid friction mode.
Iyi inzira yekuzora nzvimbo dzekuzora apo, nekuda kwesimba refirimu remafuta kana kupihwa kwemafuta ari pasi pekumanikidzwa uye painoda kuyerera kweyero, kusangana kwakananga kwezvikamu hakuitike kunyangwe pasi pemutoro wakakura.
Kwete nguva dzose uye kwete mumhando dzose mamiriro akadaro anogona kuchengetedzwa. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa izvi:
- nzara yemafuta, kupihwa kwemvura yekuzora, sezvinoitwa mumabhengi e crankshaft uye camshafts, haiitwe pasi pekumanikidzwa munzvimbo iri pakati pepiston necylinder, uye dzimwe nzira dzekuzora hadzipe mhedzisiro yakagadzikana, yakakosha mafuta. nozzles inoshanda zvakanyanya, asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana ivaise vasingade;
- isina kugadzirwa kana kupfekwa honing pateni pamusoro pe cylinder, yakagadzirirwa kubata firimu remafuta uye kudzivirira kuti isanyangarika zvachose pasi pesimba rezvindori zvepiston;
- kutyorwa kwehutongi hwekushisa kunokonzera zeroing yegomba rekupisa, kunyangarika kwemafuta emafuta uye kutaridzika kwegoro papiston nemasilinda;
- kushandiswa kwemafuta emhando yakaderera nekutsauka mune ese akakosha maitiro.
Zvinoita sezvisinganzwisisike, asi pamusoro pesilinda inosakara zvakanyanya, kunyangwe ichiwanzo gadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa, isimbi yakasimba yakaumbwa kana akasiyana akaomeswa uye akanyorova marani akakandwa muaruminiyamu yebhuroko.
Kunyangwe kana sleeve isipo, pamusoro pealuminium cylinder inotarisirwa kurapwa kwakakosha, uye dhizaini yeanokosha yakaoma-inodzivirira coating inogadzirwa pairi.
Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekudzvinyirira kwakasimba papiston, iyo, pamberi pekuzora, inenge isingabvisi simbi kubva pairi panguva yekufamba. Asi silinda iri pasi pebasa rakashata remhete dzechitubu dzine yakanyanya kudzvanywa nekuda kwenzvimbo diki yekusangana.
Nomuzvarirwo, piston zvakare inopera, kunyangwe ikaitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Nekuda kwekupfeka kwese kwese kwese kukwesha nzvimbo, gap rinoramba richiwedzera, uye risingaenzane.
Kuteerera
Mumamiriro ekutanga, cylinder inonyatsoenderana nezita rayo, chimiro chejometri ine dhayamita inoramba iripo pamusoro pehupamhi hwese uye denderedzwa mune chero chikamu cheperpendicular kune axis. Zvisinei, piston ine chimiro chakanyanya kuoma, kunze kwekuti, ine kupisa-kugadzirisa kuisa, semugumisiro weiyo inowedzera kusaenzana panguva yekushanda.
Kuti uongorore mamiriro epakati, mutsauko mumadhayamita episton munharaunda yejasi uye silinda mukati mechikamu chepakati inosarudzwa.
Nenzira, inofungidzirwa kuti gaka rinopisa rinofanira kuva rinenge 3 kusvika ku5 mazana emamilimita muhupamhi yezvikamu zvitsva, uye kukosha kwayo semugumisiro wekupfeka hakufaniri kudarika 15 hundredths, kureva, 0,15 mm.
Zvechokwadi, aya ndiwo mamwe maitiro epakati, kune injini dzakawanda uye dzinosiyana mumhando dzakasiyana dzekugadzira uye muzvikamu zvejometri zvezvikamu, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekushanda.
Mhedzisiro yekutyora gap
Nekuwedzera kwegomba, uye kazhinji inobatanidzawo nekuderera kwekushanda kwezvindori, mafuta akawanda anotanga kupinda mukati mekamuri rinopisa uye anoshandiswa pamarara.
Nechepfungwa, izvi zvinofanirwa kuderedza kudzvanya, asi kazhinji kacho, pane zvinopesana, zvinowedzera, nekuda kwekuwanda kwemafuta pazvindori zvekumanikidza, kuvhara mapeji avo. Asi izvi hazvisi kwenguva refu, zvindori coke, kurara pasi, uye compression inonyangarika zvachose.
Pistons ane yakawedzera clearances havachakwanisa kushanda zvakajairika uye kutanga kugogodza. Iko kugogodza kwepiston kunonzwika zvakajeka pakuchinja, ndiko kuti, panzvimbo yepamusoro, apo musoro wezasi wetsvimbo yekubatanidza inoshandura nzira yekufamba kwayo, uye piston inopfuura nzvimbo yakafa.
Siketi inofamba kubva kune rumwe madziro ehumburumbira uye, ichisarudza gap, inorova yakatarisana nechisimba. Iwe haugoni kukwira nemhete yakadaro, piston inogona kuparara, izvo zvinotungamirira kune njodzi kune injini yose.
Maitiro ekutarisa clearance pakati pepiston uye silinda
Kuti utarise gaka, midziyo yekuyera inoshandiswa nenzira ye micrometer uye mukati megeji, vaviri ava vane kirasi yechokwadi inokubvumira kuti upindure kune imwe neimwe yezana yemamilimita.
Iyo micrometer inoyera dhayamita yepiston munzvimbo yesiketi yayo, perpendicular kumunwe. Iyo micrometer tsvimbo inogadziriswa ne clamp, mushure meiyo yemukati geji inoiswa kune zero ichizorora yekuyeresa muromo pane micrometer tsvimbo.
Mushure mekuita zeroing, chiratidzo checaliper chicharatidza kutsauka kubva padhayamita yepiston mumazana emamirimita.
Silinda inoyerwa mundege nhatu, chikamu chepamusoro, chepakati nechepazasi, pamwe nepiston stroke zone. Zviyero zvinodzokororwa pamwe chete neaxis yemunwe uye mhiri.
Somugumisiro, mamiriro e-cylinder mushure mekupfeka anogona kuongororwa. Chinhu chikuru chinodiwa ndiko kuvapo kwezvisizvo zvakadai se "ellipse" uye "cone". Chekutanga ndiko kutsauka kwechikamu kubva padenderedzwa kuenda kune ovhari, uye chechipiri ndiko kushanduka kwedhayamita pamwe neakisi yakamira.
Kuvapo kwekutsauka kwemaeka akati wandei kunoratidza kusaita kwemaitiro akajairika ezvindori uye kudikanwa kwekugadzirisa macylinders kana kutsiva block.
Mafekitari anowanzo kumanikidza kune vatengi musangano weblock ne crankshaft (short block). Asi kazhinji zvinoshanduka kuve zvakachipa zvakanyanya kugadzirisa nebore, mumatambudziko akaomarara - nesleeve, nekutsiviwa kwepistoni neyakajairwa mitsva kana oversized kugadzirisa pistons.
Kunyange kwete injini itsva dzine pistons, zvinokwanisika kunyatsosarudza zvibvumirano. Kuti uite izvi, mapistoni anogoverwa mumapoka ane dhayamita kutsauka kwezana. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uise gap nekurongeka kwakaringana uye kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwemota yakakwana uye hupenyu hwayo hweramangwana.
