Catalytic converter - basa rayo mumotokari

Mapopoma emotokari ane zvinhu zvakawanda zvine chepfu. Kudzivirira kusunungurwa kwavo mumhepo, chinhu chakakosha chinonzi "catalytic converter" kana "catalyst" chinoshandiswa. Yakaiswa pamotokari dzine peturu uye dizeli mukati meinjini dzinopisa. Kuziva mashandisiro anoita catalytic converter kunogona kukubatsira kuti unzwisise kukosha kwekushanda kwayo uye kuongorora mhedzisiro inogona kukonzerwa nekubviswa kwayo.

Catalyst mudziyo

Iyo catalytic inoshandura chikamu cheiyo exhaust system. Inowanikwa kuseri kweinjini yekupedza manifold. Iyo catalytic converter ine:

• Metal imba ine inlet uye outlet pombi.
• Ceramic block (monolith). Ichi chimiro cheporous chine maseru akawanda anowedzera nzvimbo yekubatana yeanopotera magasi ane nzvimbo yekushanda.
• Iyo catalytic layer ndeye yakasarudzika yakasarudzika pamusoro pemasero eceramic block, inosanganisira platinamu, palladium uye rhodium. Mumamodheru achangoburwa, goridhe dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa pakuputira - simbi yakakosha ine mutengo wakaderera.
• casing. Inoshanda semafuta ekudzivirira uye kudzivirira kweiyo catalytic inoshandura kubva kune kukuvara kwemakanika.

Basa guru rekushandura catalytic ndere kudzikamisa zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvehuturu hwemagasi emhepo, nekudaro zita - nzira nhatu. Izvi ndizvo zvinongedzo zvinofanirwa kuregererwa:

• Nitrogen oxides NOx, chikamu chehutsi chinokonzera mvura yeasidhi, ine chepfu kuvanhu.
• Carbon monoxide CO inouraya vanhu pakusangana kwe 0,1% chete mumhepo.
• MaHydrocarbons CH chikamu chehutsi, mamwe makomisheni ane carcinogenic.

Iyo catalytic converter inoshanda sei

Mukuita, nzira nhatu-catalytic converter inoshanda zvinoenderana neinotevera musimboti:

• Injini inopedza gasi inosvika pamatombo eceramic, kwaanopinda mumasero uye anoazadza zvachose. Masimbi anokonzeresa, palladium neplatinum, anomisa oxidation reaction umo mahydrocarbon asina kupiswa CH anoshandurwa kuita mhute yemvura uye kabhoni monoxide CO inoshandurwa kuita kabhoni dhaikisaidhi.
• Iyo inoderedza simbi inokonzeresa rhodium inoshandura NOx (nitric oxide) kuita yakajairika, isingakuvadze nitrogen.
• Iwo akacheneswa exhaust magasi anoburitswa mumhepo.

Kana iyo mota yakashongedzerwa neinjini yedhiziri, iyo particulate sefa inogara yakaiswa padyo necatalytic converter. Dzimwe nguva zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinogona kusanganiswa kuita chinhu chimwe.

Iyo tembiricha yekushanda yecatalytic inoshandura ine simba rekuita pakubudirira kwekusarerekera kwezvinhu zvine chepfu. Iko kutendeuka chaiko kunotanga chete mushure mekusvika 300°C. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti tembiricha yakakodzera maererano nekuita uye hupenyu hwesevhisi iri pakati pe400 ne800 ° C. Kukurumidza kuchembera kwechikonzero kunoonekwa mukupisa kubva pa800 kusvika 1000°C. Kushanda kwenguva refu pane tembiricha pamusoro pe1000 ° C kunokanganisa zvakanyanya catalytic converter. Imwe nzira kune yakakwirira tembiricha ceramics corrugated foil simbi matrix. Platinamu uye palladium inoshanda senge inokonzeresa mukuvaka uku.

Resource catalytic converter

Hupenyu hweavhareji hweshanduko inoshandura makiromita zana, asi nekushanda kwakakodzera, inogona kushanda zvakajairika kusvika mazana maviri emakiromita. Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekupfeka nguva isati yakwana ndiko kutadza kweinjini uye kunaka kwemafuta (mafuta-mhepo musanganiswa). Kupisa kunoitika pamberi pemusanganiswa wakaonda, uye kana wakanyanya kupfuma, iyo porous block inovharwa nemafuta asina kupiswa, kudzivirira iyo inodiwa kemikari maitiro kubva kuitika. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hupenyu hweiyo catalytic converter yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.

Chimwe chikonzero chinowanzokonzera checeramic catalytic converter kukundikana ndeyemakanika kukuvadzwa (kutsemuka) nekuda kwekunetsekana kwemichina. Vanomutsa kukurumidza kuparadzwa kwematombo.

Muchiitiko chekusashanda zvakanaka, kushanda kwecatalytic converter kunokanganisa, iyo inowanikwa nechechipiri lambda probe. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo yemagetsi control unit inoshuma kusashanda uye inoratidza kukanganisa "CHECK ENGINE" pane dashboard. Rattles, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kuderera kwemasimba zviratidzo zvakare zvekuputsika. Muchiitiko ichi, inotsiviwa neimwe itsva. Catalysts haigoni kucheneswa kana kugadziriswa. Sezvo mudziyo uyu uchidhura, vatyairi vazhinji vanosarudza kungoibvisa.

Iyo catalytic converter inogona kubviswa here?

Mushure mekubvisa iyo catalyst, inowanzo tsiviwa neinosunga moto. Iyo yekupedzisira inotsiva kuyerera kwemagasi emhepo. Inokurudzirwa kuiisa kuitira kubvisa mhere-mhere isingafadzi inoumba kana catalyst ichibviswa. Zvakare, kana iwe uchida kuibvisa, zviri nani kubvisa mudziyo zvachose uye kwete kutendeukira kune zvinokurudzirwa nevamwe vanofarira mota kubaya gomba mumudziyo. Nzira yakadaro inongovandudza mamiriro acho kwechinguva.

Mumotokari dzinoenderana neEuro 3 yezvakatipoteredza zviyero, kunze kwekubvisa inoshandura inoshandura, iyo yemagetsi control unit inofanirwa kuvhenekerwa. Inofanirwa kukwidziridzwa kuita shanduro isina catalytic converter. Iwe unogona zvakare kuisa lambda probe chiratidzo emulator kubvisa kudiwa kwe ECU firmware.

Mhinduro yakanakisa kana ikatadza yecatalytic converter ndeyekuitsiva nechikamu chepakutanga mune yakasarudzika sevhisi. Saka, kupindira mukugadzirwa kwemotokari kuchabviswa, uye kirasi yezvakatipoteredza ichaenderana neyakatsanangurwa nemugadziri.