Chinangwa uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo exhaust system

Munguva yekushanda kweinjini yemotokari, zvigadzirwa zvinopisa zvinoumbwa zvine tembiricha yakanyanya uye zvine chepfu. Imwe nzira yekupedza inopiwa mukugadzirwa kwemotokari kuti itonhodze uye ibvise kubva mumasilinda, pamwe nekuderedza chiyero chekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Rimwe basa reiyi system nderekudzikisa ruzha rweinjini. Iyo exhaust system inoumbwa nenhamba yezvikamu, chimwe nechimwe chine basa chairo.

Pedza hurongwa

Basa guru reiyo exhaust system ndeyekunyatso bvisa gasi kubva kune injini cylinders, kuderedza huturu uye ruzha. Kuziva kuti motokari yemagetsi inogadzirwa sei inogona kukubatsira kuti unzwisise zviri nani kuti inoshanda sei uye chii chinokonzera matambudziko. Dhizaini yeyakajairwa exhaust system zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemafuta anoshandiswa, pamwe neanoshanda ezvakatipoteredza zviyero. Iyo exhaust system inogona kuve nezvikamu zvinotevera:

• Exhaust manifold - inoita basa rekubvisa gasi uye kutonhora (kuchenesa) kwejini cylinders. Yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa sezvo avhareji yekupisa gasi tembiricha iri pakati pe700°C ne1000°C.
• Iyo pombi yepamberi ipombi yakaoma-yakaita sepombi ine maflange ekuiswa kune manifold kana turbocharger.
• Iyo catalytic converter (yakaiswa muinjini dzepeturu yeEuro-2 uye yakakwira chiyero chezvakatipoteredza) inobvisa zvakanyanya kukuvadza zvikamu CH, NOx, CO kubva mumagasi ekuburitsa, ichivashandura kuita mhute yemvura, kabhoni dhaidhiyoni uye nitrogen.
• Flame arrester - yakaiswa mune exhaust masisitimu emotokari pachinzvimbo checatalyst kana particulate sefa (sekutsiva bhajeti). Yakagadzirirwa kudzikisa simba uye tembiricha yerukova rwegasi ichibuda mukupokana kwakawanda. Kusiyana nechinokonzera, haideredzi huwandu hwezvinhu zvine chepfu mumagasi emhepo, asi inongoderedza mutoro pane mufflers.
• Lambda probe - inoshandiswa kutarisa mwero weokisijeni mumagasi ekuburitsa. Panogona kunge paine imwe kana maviri maokisijeni sensors muhurongwa. Pamainjini emazuva ano (mu-mutsara) ane catalyst, 2 sensors akaiswa.
• Particulate filter (inosungirwa chikamu cheiyo exhaust system yeinjini yedhiziri) - inobvisa soot kubva kumagasi ekupedza. Inogona kusanganisa mabasa echikonzero.
• Resonator (pre-silencer) uye main silencer - kuderedza exhaust ruzha.
• Piping - inobatanidza zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemotokari yemagetsi mune imwe nzira.

Iyo exhaust system inoshanda sei

Muchinyakare vhezheni yeinjini dzepeturu, iyo exhaust system yemotokari inoshanda seinotevera:

• Mavharuvhu emagetsi ejini akazaruka uye magasi emhepo ane masara emafuta asina kupiswa anobviswa kubva mumasilinda.
• Magasi anobva muhumburumbira yega yega anopinda mune exhaust manifold, kwaanosanganiswa kuita rukova rumwechete.
• Kuburikidza nepombi yepombi, gasi rinopedza simba kubva kune exhaust manifold rinopfuura nepakati pekutanga lambda probe (oxygen sensor), iyo inonyora huwandu hweokisijeni mukubuda. Kubva pane iyi data, iyo yemagetsi control unit inodzora kushandiswa kwemafuta uye chiyero chemhepo-mafuta.
• Ipapo magasi anopinda mu catalyst, kwaanoita makemikari ane oxidizing simbi (platinum, palladium) uye kuderedza simbi (rhodium). Muchiitiko ichi, kupisa kwekushanda kwemagasi kunofanira kunge kune 300 ° C.
• Pakubuda kweiyo catalyst, magasi anopfuura nepakati yechipiri lambda probe, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuongorora mamiriro eiyo catalytic converter.
• Iwo akacheneswa ekunze magasi anobva apinda mune resonator uye ipapo muffler, uko iyo inoyerera inoyerera inoshandurwa (yakatetepa, yakawedzerwa, inotungamirwa, inobatwa), iyo inoderedza ruzha.
• Magasi emhepo emhepo kubva kune muffler mukuru atove achiendeswa kumhepo.

Iyo exhaust system yeinjini yedhiziri ine zvimwe zvinhu:

• Exhaust magasi anosiya macylinders anopinda exhaust manifold. Tembiricha yekupopota yeinjini yedhiziri inotangira pa500 kusvika 700°C.
• Vanobva vapinda mu turbocharger, iyo inogadzira kuwedzera.
• Exhaust magasi anopfuura nepakati peiyo okisijeni sensor uye inopinda mune particulate sefa, uko zvinokuvadza zvinobviswa.
• Pakupedzisira, exhaust inopfuura nemufuri yemotokari uye ichienda mumhepo.

Kuvandudzwa kweiyo exhaust system kwakabatana zvisingaite nekusimbiswa kwemaitiro ezvakatipoteredza ekushanda kwemotokari. Semuenzaniso, kubva muchikamu cheEuro-3, kuisirwa kwechigadziriso uye chidimbu chesefa yepeturu uye dizeli injini inosungirwa, uye kuitsiva neanosunga murazvo kunoonekwa sekutyora mutemo.