Kusarudzwa kwemafuta egiya
Chikamu cheSAE
IAmerican Society of Automotive Injiniya, nekuenzanisa nemafuta emota, yakaunza yayo yega sisitimu yekuparadzanisa mafuta egiya zvichienderana nekukwira uye kuderera kwekushisa viscosity.
Zvinoenderana neiyo SAE kupatsanura, ese magiya maoiri akakamurwa kuita zhizha (80, 85, 90, 140 uye 260) uye chando (70W, 75W, 80W uye 85W). Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mafuta emazuva ano ane mbiri SAE index (semuenzaniso, 80W-90). Ndiko kuti, iwo ose-mamiriro okunze, uye akakodzera zvose zvechando uye zvezhizha kushanda.
Indekisi yezhizha inotsanangura kinematic viscosity pa100 ° C. Iyo yakakwirira yeSAE nhamba, iyo inowedzera mafuta. Pane imwe nuance pano. Muchokwadi, kusvika ku100 ° C, mabhokisi emazuva ano anenge asingatombodziya. Mune yakanakisa kesi muzhizha, avhareji tembiricha yemafuta munzvimbo yekutarisa inoshanduka kutenderera 70-80 ° C. Naizvozvo, mune yekushanda tembiricha renji, iyo girisi ichave yakanyanya viscous kupfuura yakatsanangurwa muyero.
Iyo yakaderera tembiricha viscosity inotsanangura iyo shoma tembiricha iyo iyo dynamic viscosity haizodonhe pazasi 150 csp. Ichi chikumbaridzo chinotorwa sechishoma pane iyo munguva yechando shafts uye magiya ebhokisi anovimbiswa kukwanisa kutenderera mumafuta akakora. Pano, iyo yakaderera kukosha kwenhamba, iyo yakadzika tembiricha, mafuta anozochengeta viscosity yakakwana yekushanda kwebhokisi.
Kurongwa kwe API
Iyo kupatsanurwa kwemafuta egiya zvinoenderana nechikamu chakagadziridzwa neAmerican Petroleum Institute (API) yakawedzera uye inovhara akati wandei paramita kamwechete. Muchidimbu, iyo API kirasi inosarudza mamiriro ehunhu hwemafuta mune imwe friction pair uye, kazhinji, inodzivirira zvimiro.
Zvinoenderana neiyo API kupatsanura, ese magiya maoiri akakamurwa kuita matanhatu makuru makirasi (kubva GL-6 kusvika GL-1). Zvisinei, makirasi maviri okutanga anorangarirwa kuva asingachashandi nhasi. Uye hauzowani GL-6 uye GL-1 maoiri zvinoenderana neAPI iri kutengeswa.
Ngatitarisei muchidimbu makirasi mana aripo.
- GL-3. Mafuta emafuta anoshanda pasi pemamiriro ekutakura kwakaderera uye kwepakati. Izvo zvakasikwa zvakanyanya pane mineral basis. Iwo ane anosvika 2,7% yakanyanyisa pressure additives. Inokodzera mhando zhinji dzemagiya asina kutakurwa, kunze kwemagiya ehypoid.
- GL-4. Mamwe maoiri epamberi akafumiswa neakanyanya kudzvanywa ekuwedzera (kusvika 4%). Panguva imwecheteyo, izvo zvinowedzera pachavo zvakawedzera kushanda. Inokodzera marudzi ese emagiya anoshanda aripakati uye anorema mamiriro. Iwo anoshandiswa muakawiriraniswa uye asina-yakawiriraniswa magiya mabhokisi emotokari nemotokari, mabhokisi ekufambisa, maaxles ekutyaira uye mamwe mayuniti ekutapurirana. Inokodzera zvepakati basa hypoid giya.
- GL-5. Mafuta akagadzirwa pachigadziko chakanyanya kucheneswa pamwe nekuwedzera kusvika 6,5% anoshanda ekuwedzera. Upenyu hwebasa uye zvidziviriro zvekudzivirira zvinowedzera, kureva kuti, mafuta anokwanisa kukurira mitoro yepamusoro. Kuwanda kwekushandiswa kwakafanana nemafuta eGL-4, asi neine caveat imwe: kune mabhokisi akafananidzwa, panofanira kuva nekusimbiswa kubva kune automaker kubvumirwa kushandiswa.
- GL-6. Kune mayuniti ekutapurirana ane hypoid giya, umo mune kwakakosha kutamiswa kweaxles (mutoro pazvigamba zvekusangana unowedzerwa nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekutsvedza kwemazino pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru).
API MT-1 maoiri akagoverwa muchikamu chakasiyana. Aya magirisi akagadzirirwa mitoro yakanyanyisa pasi pemamiriro ehurongwa hwekupisa. Kuumbwa kwezvinowedzera zviri pedyo neGL-5.
Classification maererano GOST
Iyo yekumisikidzwa kwemukati yemafuta egiya, yakapihwa neGOST 17479.2-85, yakafanana neshanduro yakagadziridzwa zvishoma kubva kuAPI.
Iine makirasi mashanu makuru: kubva TM-5 kusvika TM-1 (inenge yakazara analogues yeAPI mutsara kubva GL-5 kusvika GL-1). Asi iyo yepamba chiyero zvakare inotsanangura iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa mitoro yekubata, pamwe nekushanda tembiricha:
- TM-1 - kubva 900 kusvika 1600 MPa, tembiricha kusvika 90 ° C.
- TM-2 - kusvika 2100 MPa, tembiricha inosvika 130 ° C.
- TM-3 - kusvika 2500 MPa, tembiricha inosvika 150 ° C.
- TM-4 - kusvika 3000 MPa, tembiricha inosvika 150 ° C.
- TM-5 - pamusoro pe3000 MPa, tembiricha inosvika 150 °C.
Nezve mhando dzegiya, kushivirira kwakafanana neiyo American standard. Semuenzaniso, kune TM-5 oiri, kune zvakafanana zvinodiwa kuti zvishandiswe mukuenderana kwemanyorerwo ekufambisa. Vanogona kudururwa chete nemvumo yakakodzera yemugadziri wemotokari.
Viscosity inosanganisirwa muchikamu chemafuta egiya zvinoenderana neGOST. Iyi parameter inoratidzwa ne hyphen mushure mezita guru. Semuenzaniso, kune TM-5-9 mafuta, kinematic viscosity inotangira kubva pa6 kusvika ku11 cSt. Iyo viscosity tsika zvinoenderana neGOST inotsanangurwa zvakadzama muyero.
GOST inopawo mawedzero kumazita, ayo ari mamiriro ezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, tsamba "z", yakanyorwa sechinyorwa padivi pezita reviscosity, inoratidza kuti mafuta anoshandiswa mumafuta.
