Crankshaft - hwaro injini yepiston

Ehe, munhu wese akanzwa nezve crankshaft. Asi, pamwe, havasi vese vatyairi vanonyatsonzwisisa kuti chii uye kuti ndechei. Uye vamwe havatombozivi kuti rinotaridzika sei uye kuti riri papi. Zvichakadaro, ichi ndicho chikamu chakakosha, pasina iyo yakajairika kushanda kwepiston yemukati inopisa injini (ICE) haigoneke. 

Ichi chikamu, chinofanira kucherechedzwa, chinorema uye chinodhura, uye kutsiva kwayo ibhizinesi rinonetsa. Naizvozvo, mainjiniya haaregi kuyedza kugadzira mamwe maenjini ekupisa mukati, ayo anogona kuita pasina crankshaft. Zvisinei, sarudzo dziripo, semuenzaniso, injini yeFrolov, ichiri yakasvibirira, saka yakakurumidza kutaura nezvekushandiswa kwechokwadi kwechikwata chakadaro.

Kusarudzwa

Iyo crankshaft chikamu chakakosha chekusangana kwakakosha kweinjini yekupisa yemukati - iyo crank mechanism (KShM). Iyo michina inosanganisirawo kubatanidza tsvimbo uye zvikamu zve cylinder-piston boka. 

Kana musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo uchipiswa muhumburumbira yeinjini, gasi rakadzvanyirirwa rinoumbwa, iro panguva yesimba rekurova kwesimba rinosundira piston kusvika pasi pakati pevakafa. 

Tsvimbo yekubatanidza yakabatana nepistoni kune imwe mugumo nerubatsiro rwepini yepiston, uye kune imwe mugumo kune yekubatanidza tsvimbo yemagazini ye crankshaft. Mukana wekubatana nemutsipa unopiwa nechikamu chinobviswa chekubatanidza tsvimbo, inonzi cap. Sezvo jonari yetsvimbo yekubatanidza ichidzikiswa zvichienderana neakisi yelongitudinal ye shaft, kana tsvimbo yekubatanidza ichiisundira, shaft inotendeuka. Zvinobuda chimwe chinhu chinoyeuchidza kutenderera kwemapedals ebhasikoro. Saka, kudzokororwa kwekufamba kwepiston kunoshandurwa kuita kutenderera kwe crankshaft. 

Kune imwe mugumo we crankshaft - shank - flywheel yakasungirirwa, iyo inomanikidzwa. Kuburikidza naro, torque inofambiswa kune yekuisa shaft yegiya bhokisi uyezve kuburikidza nekutumirwa kumavhiri. Uye zvakare, iyo hombe flywheel, nekuda kweiyo inertia, inovimbisa kutenderera kwakafanana kwe crankshaft mukati mepakati pakati pekushanda kwepiston. 

Kune imwe mugumo we shaft - inonzi chigunwe - vanoisa giya, kuburikidza iyo kutenderera kunoendeswa kune camshaft, uye iyo, zvakare, inodzora kushanda kwegasi kugovera michina. Kutyaira kwakafanana muzviitiko zvakawanda kunotangawo pombi yemvura. Pano pane kazhinji mapulleys ekufambisa kwezvikamu zvekubatsira - simba rinotungamirira pombi (), jenareta, air conditioner. 

Kuvaka

Imwe neimwe chaiyo crankshaft inogona kunge iine yayo yekugadzira maficha. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinhu zvakafanana kune vose zvinogona kusiyaniswa.

Zvikamu zviya zviri pachikamu chikuru chemugodhi zvinodaidzwa kuti mainjenari (10). Iyo crankshaft inozorora pavari kana yaiswa muinjini crankcase. Plain bearings (liners) anoshandiswa pakuiswa.

Majenari etsvimbo yekubatanidza (6) anofambirana neakisi huru, asi dhizaini inoenderana nayo. Nepo kutenderera kwemajenari makuru kuchiitika padivi peakisi huru, majenari e crank anofamba akaita denderedzwa. Aya ndiwo mabvi akafanana, nekuda kwekuti chikamu chakawana zita racho. Vanoshumira kubatanidza tsvimbo dzinobatanidza uye kuburikidza navo vanogamuchira mafambiro anodzokorora emapistoni. Plain bearings anoshandiswawo pano. Nhamba yemabhuku ekubatanidza tsvimbo yakaenzana nenhamba yemasilinda mujini. Kunyangwe mumamotor akaita seV, matanda maviri ekubatanidza anowanzo gara pane imwe huru jenari.

Kuripira mauto ecentrifugal anogadzirwa nekutenderera kwe crankpins, ivo muzviitiko zvakawanda, kunyangwe zvisiri nguva dzose, vane counterweights (4 uye 9). Vanogona kuwanikwa pamativi ese emutsipa kana pane imwe chete. Kuvapo kweanopikisa kunodzivirira deformation ye shaft, iyo inogona kukonzera kushanda kwakashata kwejini. Kune nguva zhinji zviitiko apo kukotama kwe crankshaft kunototungamira kune jamming yayo.

Iwo anonzi matama (5) anobatanidza majenari makuru uye anobatanidza tsvimbo. Vanoitawo semamwe ma counterweights. Iyo yakakura kureba kwematama, iyo iri kure neakisi huru ndiyo yekubatanidza tsvimbo magazini, uye naizvozvo, iyo yakakwirira torque, asi yakaderera iyo yakanyanya kumhanya iyo injini inokwanisa kusimudzira.

Pane flange (7) pa crankshaft shank panosungirirwa vhiri remhepo.

Kumucheto kune chigaro (2) che camshaft drive gear (timing belt).

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kune imwe mugumo we crankshaft pane yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa giya yekutyaira anobatsira mayuniti.

Iyo crankshaft yakaiswa muinjini crankcase panzvimbo yekugara uchishandisa mabearings makuru, ayo akaiswa kubva kumusoro nemavhavha. Zvindori zvekukanda pedyo nemajenari makuru hazvibvumiri shaft kuti ifambe pamwe chete neaxis yayo. Kubva parutivi rwechigunwe uye shank ye shaft mu crankcase pane zvisimbiso zvemafuta. 

Kugovera lubricant kumagazini makuru uye ekubatanidza tsvimbo, vane maburi akakosha emafuta. Kuburikidza nemigero iyi, iyo inonzi liners (sliding bearings) inogadziriswa, iyo inoiswa pamitsipa.

Kugadzirwa

Nekugadzira crankshafts, yakakwirira-yakasimba simbi mamakisi uye akakosha mhando dzesimbi yakakandwa pamwe nekuwedzera kwemagnesium inoshandiswa. Simbi shafts inowanzo gadzirwa nekutsika (forging) inoteverwa nekupisa uye kurapa kwemuchina. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekupihwa kwemafuta, nzira dzakakosha dzemafuta dzinodhiriwa. Padanho rekupedzisira rekugadzirwa, chikamu chacho chinosimba zvine simba kutsiva centrifugal nguva dzinoitika panguva yekutenderera. Iyo shaft yakaenzana uye nekudaro vibrations uye mabhiti hazvibatanidzwe panguva yekutenderera.

Zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvinogadzirwa nepamusoro-chaizvo kukanda. Cast iron shafts yakachipa, uye iyi nzira yekugadzira inoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzira makomba uye mukati memhango.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, crankshaft inogona kunge iine dhizaini inodonha uye ine zvikamu zvinoverengeka, asi zvikamu zvakadaro hazvishandiswe muindasitiri yemotokari, kunze kwemidhudhudhu. 

Ndeapi matambudziko anogona kumuka ne crankshaft

Iyo crankshaft ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kusimbiswa dzemotokari. Mitoro inonyanya kugadzirwa uye inopisa muzvisikwa. Mukuwedzera, zvinhu zvehasha, zvakadai semagasi emhepo, zvine simba rakaipa. Nokudaro, kunyange pasinei nekusimba kwesimbi kubva kune iyo crankshafts inogadzirwa, ivo vari pasi pekupfeka kwechisikigo. 

Kuwedzera kupfeka kunofambiswa nekushungurudzwa kwekumhanya kweinjini, kushandiswa kwemafuta asina kufanira uye, kazhinji, kuregeredza mitemo yekushanda kwehunyanzvi.

Liners (kunyanya mabearings), tsvimbo yekubatanidza uye majenari makuru anopera. Zvinokwanisika kukotamisa shaft nekutsauka kubva kune axis. Uye sezvo kushivirira pano kuri kudiki kwazvo, kunyangwe kushomeka kushoma kunogona kukanganisa kushanda kwakajairwa kwesimba remagetsi kusvika ku crankshaft jamming. 

Matambudziko ane chekuita nemaraini ("kunamatira" kujenari uye scuffing yemagazini) inoumba chikamu cheshumba chese malfunctions e crankshaft. Kazhinji zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwekushomeka kwemafuta. Chokutanga pane zvose, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, unofanirwa kutarisa lubrication system - pombi yemafuta, sefa - uye kuchinja mafuta.

Crankshaft vibration kazhinji inokonzereswa nekushaya chiyero. Chimwe chikonzero chinogona kunge chiri kupisa kusina kufanana kwemusanganiswa mumasilinda.

Dzimwe nguva kuputika kunogona kuoneka, izvo zvichange zvisingadzivisiki kuguma mukuparadzwa kweshaft. Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nekukanganisa kwefekitari, iyo isingawanzoitiki, pamwe chete nekushungurudzika kwakaunganidzwa kwesimbi kana kusaenzana. Zvinonyanya kuitika kuti chikonzero chekutsemuka ndiko kukanganisa kwezvikamu zvekubatana. Shaft yakatsemuka haigoni kugadziriswa.

Zvese izvi zvinofanirwa kutariswa usati watsiva kana kugadzirisa crankshaft. Kana iwe usingawani uye kubvisa zvikonzero zvezvinetso, munguva yemberi iri pedyo, zvinhu zvose zvinofanira kudzokororwa zvakare.

Kusarudzwa, kutsiva, kugadzirisa

Kuti uwane crankshaft, unofanirwa kubvisa mota. Zvadaro mabheji makuru ekutakura uye matanda ekubatanidza anobviswa, pamwe chete neflywheel uye zvindori zvekukanda. Mushure meizvozvo, crankshaft inobviswa uye kugadzirisa kwayo kunoitwa. Kana chikamu chacho chakambogadziriswa uye zviyero zvose zvekugadzirisa zvakatosarudzwa, zvino zvichafanira kuchinjwa. Kana dhigirii rekupfeka richibvumira, shaft inocheneswa, ichibhadhara zvakanyanya kumakomba emafuta, uye wozoenderera mberi nekugadzirisa.

Kupfeka uye kubvarura pamusoro pemitsipa kunobviswa nekukuya kune chiyero chakakodzera chekugadzirisa. Iyi nzira iri kure nekuve yakapusa sezvazvingaite senge pakuona kwekutanga, uye inoda yakakosha michina uye yakakodzera tenzi.

Kunyangwe, mushure mekugadzirisa kwakadaro, chikamu chacho chiri pasi pekumanikidzirwa re-dynamic balancing, crankshaft kugadzirisa inowanzogumira pakukuya chete. Somugumisiro, shaft isina kuenzana mushure mekugadzirisa kwakadaro inogona kudengenyeka, apo zvigaro zvakaputsika, zvisimbiso zvinosunungurwa. Mamwe matambudziko anogoneka, ayo anozopedzisira atungamira mukunyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta, kudonha kwesimba, uye kusagadzikana kushanda kweyuniti mune mamwe modhi. 

Hazvishamisi kuti mugodhi wakakombama utwasanudzwa, asi nyanzvi dzinozeza kuita basa iri. Kutwasanura uye kuenzanisa ibasa rakaoma uye rinodhura. Mukuwedzera, kugadzirisa crankshaft kunosanganiswa nenjodzi yekutyoka. Naizvozvo, kazhinji, crankshaft yakaremara iri nyore uye yakachipa kutsiva neimwe itsva.

Paunenge uchitsiva, unofanirwa kuisa chaiyo chikamu chimwe chete kana analogue inogamuchirwa, zvikasadaro matambudziko matsva haagone kudziviswa.

Kutenga crankshaft yakashandiswa pane yakachipa imhando yenguruve iri mupoke, iyo pasina anoziva zvichazoitika pakupedzisira. Pakanaka, inenge yasakara, pakaipa, ine hurema husingaonekwi neziso.

Nokutenga imwe itsva kubva kumutengesi akavimbika, unogona kuva nechokwadi chehutano hwayo. Chitoro chepamhepo cheChinese chinogona kupa zvimwe zvakasiyana zvemotokari yako nemitengo inonzwisisika.

Usakanganwa zvakare kuti paunenge uchiisa crankshaft itsva, iva nechokwadi chekutsiva tsvimbo yekubatanidza uye mabheji makuru, pamwe chete nezvisimbiso zvemafuta.

Mushure mekutsiva crankshaft, injini inofanirwa kumhanya kubva mairi maviri kusvika maviri nehafu zviuru zvemakiromita nenzira yakapfava uye pasina kamwe kamwe shanduko mukumhanya.