Kudzvinyirira pane injini inopisa
Zviri mukati
Kuyera kupisa compression Iyo injini yekupisa yemukati inoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana kukosha kwayo mune yakajairika yekushanda mamiriro emota. Iine injini inodziya uye yakaora mwoyo yakazara accelerator pedal (yakavhurika throttle), compression ichave yakanyanya. Iri pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuti inokurudzirwa kuyera, uye kwete pane inotonhora, apo zvose zvibvumirano zvepiston mechanism uye mavharuvhu ekutora / exhaust system hazvina kusimbiswa.
Chii chinokanganisa compression
Musiyano wekumanikidza kutonhora uye kupisa ndewekuti isina kupisa, mukati memoto injini, kukosha kwayo kunogara kuri kuderera pane iyo inopisa. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa zviri nyore. Sezvo injini yekupisa yemukati ichidziya, zvikamu zvayo zvesimbi zvinowedzera, uye saizvozvo, mapeji ari pakati pezvikamu anoderera, uye kusimba kunowedzera.
Pamusoro pekupisa kweinjini yekupisa yemukati, zvikonzero zvinotevera zvinokanganisawo kukosha kwekumanikidza kweinjini yekupisa yemukati:
- Throttle position. Kana iyo throttle yakavharwa, kudzvinyirira kunenge kwakaderera, uye maererano naizvozvo, kukosha kwayo kuchawedzera sezvo throttle inovhurwa.
- Air filter condition. Kudzvanya kunogara kwakakwira nesefa yakachena pane kana yakavharika.
Yakavharika sefa yemhepo inoderedza kudzvanywa
- mavharuvhu clearances. Kana mavharuvhu ari mavharuvhu akakura kupfuura aanofanira kunge ari, kusununguka kwakasununguka mu "saddle" yavo kunobatsira kuderera kwakanyanya kwesimba reinjini yekupisa mukati nekuda kwekupfuura kwemagasi uye kudzvinyirira kunoderera. Nemota diki, inomira zvachose.
- Mhepo inodonha. Inogona kuyamwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, asi ngazvive izvo, nekusveta, kudzvanywa kweinjini yekupisa kwemukati kunoderera.
- Mafuta muimba yekupisa. Kana paine mafuta kana soot mucylinder, ipapo kukosha kwekumanikidza kuchawedzera. Nekudaro, izvi zvinokuvadza injini yekupisa yemukati.
- Mafuta akawandisa mukamuri yekupisa. Kana pane mafuta akawanda, zvino inoderedza uye inosuka mafuta, iyo inobata basa rekuvhara mukamuri inopisa, uye izvi zvinoderedza kukosha kwekumanikidza.
- crankshaft kutenderera kumhanya. Iyo yakakwirira iyo, iyo yakakwirira yekumanikidza kukosha, sezvo mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro hapazovi nekuputika kwemhepo (mafuta-mhepo musanganiswa) nekuda kwekuora mwoyo. Iyo crankshaft kutenderera kumhanya kunoenderana nechaji level yebhatiri. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro mumayuniti akazara kusvika ku1 ... 2 atmospheres zvichidzika. Naizvozvo, pamusoro pekuyera kudzvanya uku kuchipisa, zvakakoshawo kuti bhatiri richajirwe uye bhatiri rinotenderera zvakanaka kana uchitarisa.
Kana iyo injini yekupisa yemukati iri kushanda nemazvo, saka kudzvanya pane inotonhora yemukati injini yekupisa kunofanira kuwedzera nekukurumidza sezvainodziya, chaizvo mumasekondi. Kana kuwedzera kwekumanikidza kunonoka, saka izvi zvinoreva kuti, kazhinji, zvindori zvepiston zvakapiswa. Kana iyo yekumanikidza isinga wedzere zvachose (iyo yakafanana compression inoshandiswa kune inotonhora uye inopisa), asi zvinoitika kuti, pane zvinopesana, inowira, zvino zvinowanzoitika. akafuridzira humburumbira musoro gasket. Saka kana iwe uchinetseka kuti nei paine kutonhora kwakanyanya kupfuura kudzvanya kunopisa, zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndizvo zvinofanirwa kudaro, saka iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga mhinduro mu cylinder head gasket.
Kupisa compression bvunzo
Kutanga, ngatipindure mubvunzo - nei kudzvanywa kuchitariswa pane inodziya yemukati injini yekupisa? Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kana uchiongorora, zvakakosha kuziva kuti ndeipi yakanyanya kudzvinyirira inogoneka mukati mejini inopisa mukati mepamusoro pesimba rayo. Mushure mezvose, iyo yakaderera kukosha uku, iyo yakaipisisa mamiriro emukati emoto injini. Pane inotonhora yemukati injini yekupisa, kudzvanya kunotariswa chete kana mota isina kutanga zvakanaka pane inotonhora, uye zvinhu zvese zvekutanga system zvakatoongororwa.
Usati waita yemukati combustion injini compression bvunzo, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti yaifanirwa kuve yeinjini yekupisa yemukati iri kuyerwa. Ruzivo urwu runowanzo kupihwa mubhuku rekugadzirisa remota kana injini yekupisa mukati. Kana pasina ruzivo rwakadaro, ipapo compression inogona kuverengerwa empirically.
Nzira yekuziva sei iyo compression inofanira kunge iri
Kuti uite izvi, tora kukosha kweyero yekumanikidza mumasilinda uye woiwedzera nechikamu che 1,3. Imwe neimwe yeinjini yekupisa yemukati ichave nekukosha kwakasiyana, zvisinei, kumota dzemazuvano dzine peturu mukati mejini injini, inenge 9,5 ... 10 atmospheres ye76th uye 80th peturu, uye kusvika ku11 ... 14 atmospheres ye92nd, 95th uye 98th peturu. Diesel ICEs ine 28 ... 32 atmospheres ye ICEs yekare dhizaini, uye kusvika ku45 atmospheres emazuva ano maICE.
Kuyera sei compression kana kuchipisa
Panguva yekutarisa kwekutanga kwekudzvanywa kweinjini yekupisa yemukati kune inopisa, zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kuzadzikiswa:
Universal compression gauge
- Iyo injini yekupisa yemukati inofanirwa kudziyirwa, pane inotonhora yemukati injini yekupisa kukosha kuchave kushomeka.
- Iyo throttle valve inofanirwa kuvhurwa zvizere (gasi pedal kusvika pasi). Kana mamiriro aya asina kusangana, ipapo kamuri yekupisa iri pamusoro penzvimbo yakafa haizozadzwe zvachose nemusanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta. Nekuda kweizvi, diki vacuum ichaitika uye kudzvanywa kwemusanganiswa kunotanga pakaderera kumanikidzwa kuenzaniswa nemhepo yemhepo. Izvi zvichadzikisira kukosha kwekumanikidza kana uchitarisa.
- Bhatiri rinofanira kunge razara. Izvi zvinodikanwa kuitira kuti mutambi atenderere crankshaft nekumhanya kwaunoda. Kana kukurumidza kutenderera kwakaderera, ipapo chikamu chegasi kubva mukamuri chichava nenguva yekupukunyuka kuburikidza nekuputika mumavharuvhu uye zvindori. Muchiitiko ichi, compression yacho zvakare ichaderedzwa.
Mushure mekuita bvunzo yekutanga neyakavhurika throttle, bvunzo yakafanana inofanira kuitwa neyakavharwa throttle. Mamiriro ekushandiswa kwayo akafanana, asi haufanire kudzvanya pane gasi pedal.
Zviratidzo zvekusashanda pamwe nekudzikiswa kuderedzwa kusvika kupisa mune dzakasiyana modes
Muchiitiko apo kudzvanywa kwakadzikira kupfuura kukosha kwezita pane yakavhurika throttle, izvi zvinoratidza kubuda kwemhepo. Anogona kuenda naye kupfeka kwakanyanya kwezvindori zvekumanikidza, pane kubatwa kwakakosha pagirazi reimwe kana kupfuura silinda, mabrasions papiston / pistons, kutsemuka mucylinder block kana pamapistoni, kupera simba kana "kurembera" mune imwe nzvimbo yevhavha imwe kana kupfuura.
Mushure mekutora zviyero payakavhurika throttle, tarisa kudzvanya ne throttle yakavharwa. Mune iyi modhi, hushoma huwandu hwemhepo huchapinda mumasilinda, saka iwe unogona "kuverenga" huwandu hushoma hwekudonha kwemhepo. Izvi zvinowanzogona kutsanangurwa deformation yehunde yevharuvhu / mavharuvhu, kupfeka kwechigaro chevharuvhu / mavharuvhu, kutsva kwehumburumbira musoro gasket.
Kune akawanda injini dzedhiziri, iyo throttle chinzvimbo haina kukosha senge peturu magetsi emagetsi. Naizvozvo, kudzvanywa kwavo kunoyerwa mumatunhu maviri emota - kutonhora uye kupisa. Kazhinji kana iyo throttle yakavharwa (gasi pedal yakaburitswa). Kusarudzika kune idzo injini dzedhiziri dzakagadzirwa nevharuvhu mune yakawanda yekudyara yakagadzirirwa kugadzira vacuum inoshandiswa kushandisa vacuum brake booster uye vacuum regulator.
A inopisa compression test inokurudzirwa. kanopfuura kamwe, asi kakawanda, uchirekodha kuverenga mucylinder imwe neimwe uye pachiyero chimwe nechimwe. Izvi zvinokutenderawo kuti uwane mabreakages. Semuenzaniso, kana panguva yekuedzwa kwekutanga kukosha kwekumanikidza kwakaderera (anenge 3 ... 4 atmospheres), uye gare gare inowedzera (somuenzaniso, kusvika 6 ... 8 atmospheres), zvino zvinoreva kuti pane mhete dzepiston dzakapfekwa, mapiston grooves akasakara, kana kupuruzira pamadziro ecylinder. Kana, panguva yezviyero zvinotevera, kukosha kwekumanikidza hakuwedzere, asi kunoramba kuripo (uye mune dzimwe nguva kunogona kuderera), izvi zvinoreva kuti mhepo iri kubuda pane imwe nzvimbo kuburikidza nezvikamu zvakakuvadzwa kana kusununguka kwavo (depressurization). Kazhinji kazhinji aya mavharuvhu uye / kana zvigaro zvekumhara.
Compression test inopisa nemafuta akawedzerwa
Maitiro ekuyera kudzvanywa mumasilinda ejini
Pakuyera, unogona kuwedzera kudzvanya nekudonhedza zvishoma (anenge 5 ml) yemafuta einjini mucylinder. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kuti mafuta arege kusvika pasi pe cylinder, asi anopararira pamadziro ayo. Muchiitiko ichi, kudzvinyirira mu cylinder yekuedza kunofanira kuwedzera. Kana kudzvanywa mumasilinda maviri ari padyo kwakadzikira, uye panguva imwe chete kuwedzera mafuta hakuna kubatsira, zvingangoita. kuputika musoro gasket. Imwe mutsauko - kusununguka kuisa mavharuvhu kumasadhi avo ekumhara, kupera kwemavharuvhu, kuvharika kwavo kusina kukwana semugumisiro kugadzirisa gap kusina kururama, kupisa kwepiston kana kutsemuka mairi.
Kana, mushure mekuwedzera mafuta kumadziro ecylinder, kudzvanywa kwacho kwakawedzera zvakanyanya uye kutopfuura hunhu hwakakurudzirwa nefekitori, zvinoreva kuti mune coking mucylinder kana. zvigaro zvepiston zvindori.
Uyezve, unogona kutarisa cylinder nemhepo. Izvi zvichaita kuti zvikwanise kutarisa kusimba kwe cylinder head gasket, kupisa kwepiston, kuputika mupiston. Pakutanga kwekuita, unofanirwa kuisa piston yakaonekwa paTDC. zvino unofanira kutora air compressor woshandisa air pressure yakaenzana ne2 ... 3 atmospheres kune cylinder.
Nekuvhuvhuta musoro gasket, iwe unonzwa ruzha rwemhepo ichipukunyuka kubva padyo ne spark plug zvakanaka. Kana pamagetsi emagetsi mhepo munyaya iyi ichabuda kuburikidza ne carburetor, zvino izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana kukwana kwakakwana kwevhavha yekutora. iwe unodawo kubvisa chivharo kubva pamutsipa wemafuta. Kana mhepo ichibva mumutsipa, saka kune mukana wepamusoro wekuputika kana kupisa kwepiston. Kana mhepo ikapukunyuka kubva kuzvinhu zve exhaust turakiti, zvino izvi zvinoreva kuti exhaust valve/vharuvhu haikodzeri zvakasimba kurwisana nechigaro.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvinobatsira kuchengeta marekodhi uye kuenzanisa kudzvanya sezvo injini yekupisa yemukati inopera. Somuenzaniso, ose zviuru 50 makiromita - pa50, 100, 150, 200 zviuru makiromita. Sezvo injini yekupisa yemukati inopera, kudzvanywa kunofanira kuderera. Muchiitiko ichi, zviyero zvinofanirwa kuitwa pasi pemamiriro akafanana (kana kuvhara) - tembiricha yemhepo, tembiricha yekupisa injini, crankshaft kutenderera kumhanya.
Zvinowanzoitika kuti kune injini dzinopisa mukati, iyo mileage inenge 150 ... 200 zviuru zvemakiromita, kukosha kwekumanikidza kwakafanana nemotokari itsva. Muchiitiko ichi, haufanirwe kufara zvachose, sezvo izvi hazvirevi kuti injini iri mumamiriro akanaka, asi kuti yakakura kwazvo yesoti yakaunganidza pamusoro pemakamuri ekupisa (masilinda). Izvi zvinokuvadza zvikuru kune injini inopisa mukati, sezvo kufamba kwepistoni kwakaoma, kunobatsira pakuitika kwemhete uye kunoderedza kuwanda kwekamuri rinopisa. Saizvozvo, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, unofanirwa kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa, kana yatova nguva yekudzoreredza injini yekupisa yemukati.
mhedziso
Kuedza kwekumanikidza kunowanzoitwa "kupisa". Mhedzisiro yaro inogona kutaura kwete kuderera kwayo chete, uye nekudaro kuderera kwesimba reinjini, asi zvakare kubatsira kuona zvinhu zvisina kunaka muboka re-cylinder-piston, sekupfeka mhete dzekumanikidza, kupuruzira pamadziro ecylinder, musoro wecylinder wakaputsika. gasket, kupera simba kana "kutonhora" mavharuvhu. Nekudaro, kuti iongororwe yakazara yemota, zvinodikanwa kuita bvunzo yekumanikidza mune dzakasiyana nzira dzekushandisa dzeinjini yekupisa yemukati - inotonhora, inopisa, ine yakavharwa uye yakavhurika throttle.
