Dhizaini uye kushanda kwepombi yemvura (pombi) muinjini yemotokari

Kutsinhana kwekupisa mujini kunoitwa nekufambiswa kwesimba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo munzvimbo yehumburumbira kuenda kumhepo inopeperetswa neradiator inotonhorera. Pombi yecentrifugal vane, inowanzonzi pombi, ine basa rekupa mafambiro kune chinotonhodza mumhando yemvura. Kazhinji ne inertia, mvura, kunyange mvura yakachena mumotokari isati yashandiswa kwenguva refu.

Zvikamu zvepombi

Iyo antifreeze circulation pombi inoitwa ne theoretically yakaitwa pane kusazvirereka, basa rayo rinobva pamvura inokandwa necentrifugal forces kusvika kumicheto yemablades, kubva kwainoiswa jekiseni mumajasi ekutonhodza. Kuumbwa kunosanganisira:

• shaft, kune imwe magumo ayo kune jekiseni impeller yakagadzirwa nesimbi kana plastiki, uye kune imwe - dhiraivha pulley yeV-bhandi kana kumwe kutapurirana;
• imba ine flange yekuisa pane injini uye yekugara yemukati zvikamu;
• kutakura iyo shaft inotenderera;
• chisimbiso chemafuta chinodzivirira kubuda kweantifreeze uye kupinda kwayo kune kutakura;
• mhango mumuviri, iyo isiri chikamu chakaparadzana, asi inopa inodiwa hydrodynamic properties.

Iyo pombi inowanzowanikwa painjini kubva kune chikamu icho chigadziriso chedhiraivha chinowanikwa uchishandisa mabhandi kana maketani.

Fizikisi yepombi yemvura

Kuita kuti mvura inopisa mumiriri ifambe mudenderedzwa, zvinodikanwa kugadzira mutsauko wekumanikidza pakati pekupinda nekubuda kwepombi. Kana kudzvinyirirwa kwakadaro kunowanikwa, saka antifreeze inosimuka kubva munzvimbo iyo kumanikidzwa kwakakwirira, kuburikidza nejini yose kusvika kune inlet yepombi ine imwe hama.

Kufamba kwemvura zhinji kunoda mari yesimba. Liquid friction ye antifreeze pamadziro enzira dzese nemapombi zvinodzivirira kutenderera, iyo yakakura vhoriyamu yehurongwa, inowedzera kuyerera. Kuti utumire simba rakakosha, pamwe nekuvimbika kwakanyanya, dhiraivha kubva ku crankshaft drive pulley inowanzo shandiswa. Kune mapombi ane mota yemagetsi, asi kushandiswa kwavo kunogumira kune yakanyanya hupfumi injini, uko chinhu chikuru chiri mari shoma yemafuta, uye mutengo wemidziyo hautariswe. Kana mumainjini ane mamwe mapombi, semuenzaniso, ane preheaters kana mbiri kabhini hita.

Iko hakuna nzira imwechete kubva kune bhandi rekutyaira pombi. Injini zhinji dzinoshandisa bhandi renguva remazino, asi vamwe vagadziri vakafunga kuti hazvina kukodzera kusunga kuvimbika kwenguva kune inotonhorera system, uye pombi inotakurwa ipapo kubva kune yekunze alternator bhandi kana imwe yekuwedzera. Zvakafanana neA/C compressor kana simba rekufambisa pombi.

Kana shaft ine impeller ichitenderera, iyo antifreeze inopiwa kune yayo yepakati chikamu inotanga kutevedzera chimiro chemashizha, ichisangana ne centrifugal forces. Nekuda kweizvozvo, inogadzira yakawandisa kudzvanywa papombi yekubuda, uye iyo yepakati inozadzikiswa nezvikamu zvitsva zvinobva kubhuroka kana radiator, zvichienderana nenzvimbo iripo yeiyo thermostat mavharuvhu.

Kukanganisa uye mhedzisiro yavo kune injini

Kutadza kwepombi kunogona kurongerwa sekusungirwa kana njodzi. Panogona kunge pasina vamwe pano, kukosha kwekutonhora kwakakwira zvakanyanya.

Nekupfeka kwechisikigo kana kukanganisa kwekugadzira mupombi, iyo inotakura, yekuisa bhokisi kana impeller inogona kutanga kudonha. Kana mune yekupedzisira nyaya iyi ingangove mhedzisiro yekukanganisika kwefekitori kana kuchengetwa kwematsotsi pamhando yezvigadzirwa, saka bhokisi rekutakura uye rekuisa rinozochembera, mubvunzo chete ndeye nguva. Chimiro chinokundikana kazhinji kazhinji chinozivisa zvinetso zvaro nokurira kana kuti kurira, dzimwe nguva nemuridzo wakakwirira.

Kazhinji kazhinji, matambudziko epombi anotanga nekuonekwa kwekutamba mumabhengi. Pasinei nekureruka kwekugadzira, ivo vakaremerwa pano zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nezvikonzero zvinotevera:

• Mafuta ari mubereko anoiswa kamwe chete pafekitari uye haasi pasi pekuvandudzwa panguva yekushanda.
• zvisinei kuti zvisimbiso zvemukati wemukati wekutakura, uko zvinhu zvayo zvinoputika, mabhora kana rollers zviripo, okisijeni yemhepo inopinda imomo, iyo pakupisa kwakanyanya kwegungano kunokonzera kukwegura nokukurumidza kwemafuta;
• iyo inotakura inosangana nemutoro wakapetwa kaviri, pamwe nekuda kwechido chekufambisa simba rakakosha kuburikidza neshaft kune impeller inotenderera mune yemvura yepakati nekumhanya kwakanyanya, uye zvakanyanya nekuda kwesimba rakanyanya tension rebhandi rekutyaira, iro, uyezve, rinowanzo. kuwedzererwa panguva yekugadzirisa kana otomatiki tensioner isina kupihwa;
• zvakanyanya kashoma, bhandi rakaparadzana rinoshandiswa kutenderedza pombi, kazhinji akati wandei ane simba anobatsira mayunitsi ane mahombe anotenderera uye anosiyana anopokana nekutenderera anorembera pane yakajairika drive, aya anogona kuve jenareta, camshafts, pombi yekutungamirira simba uye kunyange air conditioning. compressor;
• kune magadzirirwo umo fan hombe yekumanikidza kutonhora kweradiator yakasungirirwa kune pombi pulley, kunyangwe parizvino anenge munhu wese asiya mhinduro yakadaro;
• antifreeze vapors inogona kupinda muberero kuburikidza nebhokisi rinobvinza rekuisa.

Kunyangwe kana kubereka kwepamusoro-soro kukasakundikana, ipapo kutamba kunogona kuumba mairi semugumisiro wekupfeka. Mune dzimwe nodes yakachengeteka zvakakwana, asi kwete munyaya yepombi. Shaft yaro yakavharwa nechisimbiso chemafuta chekugadzirwa kwakaoma, iyo inomanikidzwa nekudzvinyirira kwakanyanya kubva mukati mehurongwa. Izvo hazvizokwanisi kushanda mumamiriro e-high-frequency vibration nekuda kwekutamba kwekutakura kwenguva yakareba. Inopisa antifreeze inopinda mukati mayo inodonha nekudonha ichatanga kupinda mubereko, geza iyo lubricant kana kukonzeresa kuderera kwayo, uye zvese zvinopera nekuputika kwekupfeka.

Ngozi yechiitiko ichi zvakare ndeyekuti pombi inowanzotungamirirwa nebhanhire renguva, iyo iyo kuchengetedzwa kwejini yose kunoenderana. Bhanhire harina kugadzirirwa kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu apo rinodururwa nehutu hunopisa, huchakurumidza kupera uye kuputsa. Pamainjini mazhinji, izvi hazvizongotungamira pakumira, asi kutyora kwechikamu chekuvhura vharafu pane ichiri kutenderera injini, iyo inopera nemusangano wevharuvhu mahwendefa ane piston bottoms. Ivhavha hunde ichakotama, iwe uchafanirwa disassemble injini uye kuchinja zvikamu.

Panyaya iyi, nguva dzose inokurudzirwa kutsiva pombi inodzivirira pane imwe neimwe yakarongwa kuiswa kwekiti itsva yenguva, iyo yakawanda inonyatsoratidzwa mumirayiridzo. Kunyange kana pombi inotaridzika zvakanaka. Kuvimbika kunonyanya kukosha, kunze kwekuti, haufanirwe kushandisa mari pane isina kurongwa disassembly yepamberi pejini.

Pane zvisizvo kumutemo wese. Panyaya yekutsiviwa kwepombi, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa izvo zviri pachena kuti zvine nguva yakareba kupfuura kunyange zvigadzirwa zvefekitari. Asi zvakare anodhura zvakanyanya. Chii chaunosarudza, kutsiva kazhinji kana chinhu chinoshamisa - munhu wese anogona kuzvisarudzira. Kunyangwe chero ipi yeakanakisa pombi inogona kuurayiwa nekusaziva nemhando yakaderera antifreeze, kutsiva kwayo kusingatarisirwe, kana kutyorwa mumagetsi kana tekinoroji yebhandi drive tensioning.