Automatic transmission, i.e. kusununguka kwekutanga uye kutyaira kunyaradza mune imwe!
Zviri mukati
Chii chinonzi automatic transmission?
Mumotokari dzine manyorerwo ekufambisa, chiitiko chako chinodiwa kuti uchinje giya uchityaira - unofanirwa kudzvanya zvinyoro nyoro lever munzira yaunoda. Nekune rimwe divi, otomatiki transmission, inonziwo otomatiki, inochinja magiya otomatiki paunenge uchityaira. Mutyairi haafaniri kuita izvi, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuisa pfungwa pane zviri kuitika mumugwagwa. Izvi, zvakare, zvinokanganisa zvakananga kuchengetedza uye kutyaira masimba.
Mashoko mashoma pamusoro penhoroondo yebhokisi regiya
Yekutanga giya bhokisi, risati rave otomatiki, asi bhuku, rakagadzirwa nemugadziri weFrance Rene Panhard muna 1891. Panguva iyoyo yaingova 3-speed gearbox, iyo yakaiswa pa 1,2-litre V-twin injini. Yakanga ine 2 shafts ine magiya ane mazino akatwasuka emadhayamita akasiyana. Kuchinja kwegiya rega rega uchishandisa mudziyo mutsva wemotokari waiitwa nemagiya aifamba neaxis yeshaft uye akabatanidzwa nevhiri rakaiswa pane yakatarisana shaft. Kudhiraivha kwacho kwaifambiswa pachishandiswa cheni kudhiraivha kumavhiri ekumashure. Mutyairi aifanira kuratidza hunyanzvi hwekuchinja magiya, uye zvese nekuti ekutanga magiya mabhokisi akange asina masynchronizer.
Iyo nzira yekukwana, kana kuti otomatiki kutapurirana kwakagadzirwa sei
Yekutanga otomatiki kutapurirana yakagadzirwa muna 1904 muBoston, USA, mumusangano wehama dzeSturtevant. Vagadziri vakaishongedza nemagiya maviri ekumberi uye vakashandisa simba recentrifugal kushanda. Kusimuka kubva pazasi kuenda kune yakakwira giya kwaitongoita otomatiki sezvo injini yerevs yakawedzera. Pakadonha kumhanya uku, iyo otomatiki yekufambisa michina yaingodonha ichidzika kune yakaderera giya. Iyo yepakutanga dhizaini yeatomatiki dhizaini yakave isina kukwana uye kazhinji yakakundikana, kunyanya nekuda kwekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaderera-mhando mukugadzirwa kwayo.
Mupiro mukuru mukugadzirwa kweautomata mumotokari wakaitwa naHenry Ford, uyo akavaka mota yeModel T uye, nenzira, akagadzira bhokisi regiya repuraneti rine magiya maviri ekumberi uye kumashure. Kutarisira kwayo hakugone kunzi yakazara otomatiki, nekuti. mutyairi aidzora magiya nemapedals, asi zvaiva nyore saizvozvo. Panguva iyoyo, otomatiki transmissions yakareruka uye yaisanganisira hydraulic clutch uye giya repuraneti.
Iyo semi-otomatiki sequential transmission, iyo yaishandisa yechinyakare clutch uye hydraulically actuated mapuraneti giya, yakagadzirwa naGeneral Motors uye REO panguva yehondo. Nekudaro, iyo Chrysler mhando yakagadzira dhizaini inoshandisa otomatiki hydraulic clutch uye yekufambisa yemanyorero. Imwe yemakumbo yakabviswa mumotokari, asi gear lever yakasara. Selespeed kana Tiptronic magiya mabhokisi akavakirwa pane semi-otomatiki mhinduro.
Hydra-matic, yekutanga hydraulic otomatiki kutapurirana
Yekutanga kupinda mukugadzirwa kwemazhinji yaive otomatiki hydraulic gearbox - hydra-matic.. Vaive vakashongedzerwa nemota. Yakasiyana pakuti ine magiya mana negiya reverse. Zvimiro, yaive negiya bhokisi repuraneti uye yekubatanidza mvura, saka yaisadikanwa kuibvisa.
Muna Chivabvu 1939, nguva pfupi Hondo Yenyika II isati yatanga, General Motors yakaunza iyo Oldsmobile-yakanzi Hydra-matic otomatiki kutapurirana kumota kubva kumhando yegore 1940, iyo yakava sarudzo muCadillac vafambi mota gore rakatevera. Zvakazoitika kuti vatengi vaida chaizvo kutenga motokari dzine otomatiki transmissions, saka GM akatanga rezinesi hydraulic transmissions. Yakatengwa nemhando dzakadai seRolls Royce, Lincoln, Bentley neNash. Mushure mehondo ye1948, Hydra-matic yakava sarudzo pamhando dzePontiac.
Dzimwe mhinduro dzinoshandiswa mune otomatiki transmissions
Chevrolet neBuick havana kushandisa rezinesi reGM asi vakagadzira miviri yavo. Buick akagadzira iyo Dynaflow ine torque inoshandura pane hydraulic clutch. Chevrolet, kune rumwe rutivi, yakashandisa Powerglide dhizaini, iyo yakashandisa maviri-speed torque converter uye hydraulic planetary gear.
Mushure mekurukurirano dzekutanga naStudebaker nezve mukana wekubvumidza DG otomatiki kutapurirana, Ford yakagadzira rezenisi rayo reFord-O-Matic ine magiya matatu ekumberi uye rimwe reverse giya, iro rakashandisa inosanganisa torque inoshandura uye bhokisi repuraneti.
Kuvandudzwa kweotomatiki kutapurirana kwakawedzera mu1980s nekuda kwaHarry Webster weMotokari Zvigadzirwa, uyo akauya nepfungwa yekushandisa mbiri mbiri. Iyo DSG mbiri mbiri clutch transmission inobvisa torque inoshandura inoshandiswa mune yakajairwa mapuraneti otomatiki transmissions. Mhinduro dziripo parizvino uchishandisa oiri yekugezera kaviri clutch transmissions. Mavhezheni ane anonzi. dry clutch. Mota yekutanga yekugadzira ine DSG transmission yaive 4 Volkswagen Golf Mk32 R2003.
Iyo automatic transmission inoshanda sei?
Mazuva ano, otomatiki transmissions, anonzi otomatiki transmissions, anoiswa pamotokari dzemhando dzakasiyana uye anochinja magiya otomatiki. Mutyairi haafanire kuita izvi nemaoko, saka anogona kudzora mota zvakanaka pasina kudzora giya reshiyo zvichienderana nekumhanya kweinjini parizvino.
Mota dzine automatic transmission dzine mapedal maviri chete - brake and accelerator. Clutch haidiwi nekuda kwekushandiswa kweiyo hydrokinetic mhinduro, iyo inofambiswa neiyo otomatiki unit.
Nzira yekudzivirira sei malfunctions uye kudiwa kwe otomatiki kutapurirana kugadzirisa?
Nekutevera mashoma ekutanga mitemo yekushandisa muchina, iwe unodzivirira kuparara kwakajairika. Kudzivirira otomatiki kutapurirana kugadzirisa kubva pakuita chinhu chinodiwa:
- usashandura magiya nekukurumidza uye nekukasira;
- uunze motokari kuti imire zvakakwana usati waita reverse gear, uye sarudza R (reverse). Iyo gearbox ichabata nekukurumidza uye iwe uchakwanisa kudzvanya gasi pedal kuita kuti mota idzokere kumashure;
- misa mota kana ukasarudza imwe chinzvimbo cheautomatic transmission - P (Parking mode), iyo inoitirwa kupaka mota mushure mekumira munzvimbo yekupaka kana N (Neutral) uchityaira.
Kana iwe ukadzvanya accelerator pedal zvakasimba uchityaira kana kusimuka, unokuvadza yako otomatiki kutapurirana. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kupera nguva isati yakwana yekutapurirana.
Oiri shanduko mukutenderera otomatiki
Paunenge uchishandisa otomatiki kutapurirana, iva nechokwadi chekutarisa mwero wemafuta nguva nenguva. Iko kushanduka kwemafuta mune otomatiki kutapurirana kunofanirwa kuitika mukati menguva yakapihwa uye inotsanangurwa nemugadziri wemotokari. Nei zvichikosha kudaro? Zvakanaka, kana iwe ukasiya mafuta akashandiswa kwenguva yakarebesa kana iyo nhanho yakadzikira zvine njodzi, inogona kukonzera kuti zvinhu zvekutapurirana zvibate nekutadza. Kugadziriswa kwekutapurirana otomatiki mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, kazhinji, zvinokushuvira kumitengo yakakwira.
Rangarira kusarudza akakodzera otomatiki kutapurirana mafuta.
Nzira yekudzivirira sei kukanganisa kubhokisi paunenge uchikwevera muchina?
Rimwe dambudziko rinogona kukonzerwa nekukwevera mota mugiya risiri iro. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti kunyangwe munzvimbo yeN, i.e. kwaakarerekera, iyo otomatiki yekufambisa ichiri kushanda, asi iyo lubrication system yakatodzimwa. Sezvaungangofungidzira, izvi zvinotungamira mukupisa kweiyo gearbox zvikamu uye kutadza kwavo. Usati wadhonza mota ine otomatiki transmission, verenga bhuku rayo kuti udzidze kuzviita nemazvo. Kudhonza pfuti yekurova zvinogoneka, asi kwezvinhambwe zvipfupi uye nekumhanya kusingapfuuri 50 km / h.
