Mapepa erezinesi matsvuku muRussia uye pasirese

Mota dzine mahwendefa matsvuku ekunyoresa dzinogona kuwanikwa mumigwagwa yeruzhinji muRussia nekune dzimwe nyika. Saka, zvinobatsira kunzwisisa zvavanoreva uye maitiro ekuita nevaridzi vavo.

Nhamba dzemotokari tsvuku: dzinorevei

Izvo zvinotarisirwa pamahwendefa ekunyoresa mota muRussia zvakanyorwa mumagwaro maviri:

• muGOST R 50577–93 “Zviratidzo zvekunyoreswa kwenyika kwemotokari. Mhando uye zviyero zvakakosha. Zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi (ne Amendments No. 1, 2, 3, 4)”;
• muKurongeka kweUshumiri hweMukati meRussia yaOctober 5, 2017 No. 766 "Pamahwendefa ehurumende yekunyoresa motokari".

Gwaro rekutanga rinoratidza tekinoroji yenyaya: maparamita erezinesi plate, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ruvara, hukuru, zvinhu, zvichingodaro. Iyo yakataurwa Order yeBazi rezvemukati menyika yakabvumidza runyorwa rwemakodhi edhijitari emasangano eRussia Federation, pamwe nemakodhi emota nhamba dzemisheni, maconsulates, anosanganisira anoremekedzwa, masangano epasi rese nevashandi vavo vanobvumidzwa neBazi. yeKune dzimwe nyika dzeRussian Federation.

Appendikisi A kusvika kuGOST R 50577–93 ine runyoro rwakaratidzwa rwemarudzi ese emarezinesi mahwendefa akatenderwa kushandiswa muRussia. Pakati pavo, ngatinyatsocherechedzai mahwendefa ekunyora emhando 9 uye 10: ivo chete vane ruvara rwemashure rutsvuku. Nhamba dzemotokari dzakadaro, sezvakataurwa muhutano hwehurumende, dzinopiwa motokari dzemamishinari ekunze muRussian Federation yakagamuchirwa neRussia Foreign Ministry.

Zvinoenderana neGOST, zvakanyorwa pamapuleti ekunyoresa emotokari emhando 9 uye 10 anogadzirwa nemavara machena pane tsvuku kumashure.

Panguva imwecheteyo, mahwendefa ekunyora emhando ye9 anogona chete kuvakuru vevamiriri vemisheni (mumiriri wenhanho), uye mhando 10 - kune vamwe vashandi veembassy, ​​consulates uye masangano epasi rese.

Pamusoro pemuvara wekumashure wemarezinesi mahwendefa, anoda kuziva mota anofarira anofanirwa kutarisisa kune nhamba uye mavara akanyorwa paari. Irwo ruzivo urwu ruchakubvumidza kuti uwane chikamu chakakosha cheruzivo nezve muridzi wemotokari.

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Mazita etsamba

Nemavara ari pamapepa erezinesi matsvuku, unogona kuona chinzvimbo chemushandi wemisheni yekune dzimwe nyika.

Maererano nendima 2 yeKurongeka kweMinistry of Internal Affairs yeRussia yaOctober 5, 2017 No. 766 "Pamapuleti ehurumende ekunyoreswa kwemotokari", mazita anotevera anoshandiswa:

1. Iwo maCD akatevedzana ndeemota dzevakuru ve diplomatic missions.

   

   Kunyoresa mahwendefa e "CD" akatevedzana anogona chete kuiswa pamotokari dzemisoro yedhipatimendi.

2. Series D - yemotokari dzemadiplomatic missions, consular masangano, kusanganisira ayo anotungamirwa nevanoremekedzwa vakuru vehurumende, masangano epasirese (interstate) nevashandi vavo vanobvumidzwa neBazi rezvekunze reRussian Federation uye vane makadhi edhipatimendi kana emumiriri.

   

   Nhamba dze "D" dzakatevedzana dzinogona kuiswa pamotokari dzevashandi vekune dzimwe nyika mishoni vane diplomatic chimiro

3. Series T - yemotokari dzevashandi vemisheni, mahofisi emumiriri, kunze kwemahofisi emumiriri anotungamirwa nevakuru vakuru vehurumende, masangano epasi rese (interstate) anotenderwa neBazi rezvekunze reRussian Federation uye ane makadhi ebasa kana zvitupa.

   

   Nhamba dzemota dze "T" dzakateerana dzinopihwa mota dzevashandi vekutonga uye tekinoroji vasina chinzvimbo chediplomatic.

Mazita enhamba

Pamusoro pemavara, "nhamba dzediplomatic" dzine kodhi ine manhamba matatu. Inoratidza nyika yemubatanidzwa kana consular institution kana zita resangano renyika dzese. Appendix 2 kune Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs yeRussia yaOctober 5, 2017 No. 766 inopa munhu wega digital code kune imwe nyika kana sangano repasi rose. Nhamba kubva pa001 kusvika 170 ndedzenyika, kubva pa499 kusvika 560 - kune epasi rose (interstate) masangano, mazana mapfumbamwe - kumasangano ehurumende, kusanganisira anoremekedzwa, zvisinei nenyika yaanomiririra.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti nhamba dziri muwedzero ino dzinoenderana nekurongeka kwakaita hukama hwenyika dzakasiyana-siyana neSoviet Union kubva muna 1924 kusvika 1992.

Mukuwedzera kune avo pachavo makodhi, pane nhamba dzemotokari dzvuku, kufanana nechero ipi zvayo yeRussia, nharaunda yekodhi kubva kuAppendix 1 yeMutemo weMinistry of Internal Affairs yeRussia Nhamba 766 inoratidzwa kurutivi rworudyi rweplate yekunyora.

Tafura: makodhi emahofisi anomiririra edzimwe nyika nemasangano epasi rose

Kodhi yemapurisa emumugwagwa	Kumiririrwa kunze kwenyika
001	United Kingdom
002	Germany
004	United States
007	France
069	Finland
499	EU Delegation
511	Mumiriri weUN
520	Sangano reInternational Labour Organisation
900	Honorary Consuls

Ndiani ane kodzero yekuisa nhamba dzemotokari tsvuku

Vashandi chete vemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika uye emumiriri, pamwe nevekunze (interstate) masangano, vane kodzero yekuisa mahwendefa ekunyoresa ane tsvuku kumashure. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kwete chete vamiririri vezvematongerwo enyika vane kodzero yakadaro, asiwo vashandi vehutungamiri uye unyanzvi hwebasa rekunze. Pakupedzisira, nokuda kwedziviriro yakawedzerwa, chimiro chapamutemo chapamutemo chinopiwa kumitezo yemhuri inogara navo.

Zvinoenderana neChikamu 3 cheChikamu 12.2 cheCode of Administrative Offences (Code of Administrative Offences) yeRussian Federation, kushandiswa kwenhamba dzemanyepo pamotokari kunorangwa nefaindi ye2500 rubles kuvagari, kubva pa15000 kusvika 20000 rubles. kuvakuru, uye kumasangano epamutemo - kubva ku400000 kusvika ku500000 rubles. Chinyorwa chimwe chete muchikamu chechina chinogadza chirango chakatonyanya kuoma chekutyaira mota ine nhamba dzemanyepo: kunyimwa kodzero kwenguva yemwedzi mitanhatu kusvika 4 gore.

Iniwo, ndinoda kukuyambirai pamusoro pekushandiswa zvisiri pamutemo kwerezinesi dzvuku. Chekutanga, ivo havape varidzi vadzo mukana wakasarudzika mumigwagwa yeruzhinji pasina zviratidzo zvakakosha. Chechipiri, kubiridzira kwendiro yekunyoreswa kwemota kuri nyore kuziva, sezvo mapurisa emumigwagwa ane hunyanzvi hwekusimbisa huchokwadi hwehuwandu, kunyangwe vari pazvigaro zvavo. Chechitatu, kune zvirango zvakakosha pakushandisa nhamba dzemanyepo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana mapurisa emigwagwa achikwanisa kuratidza kuti iwe hauna kungotyaira motokari ine mapepa ekunyora enhema, asi wakazviisa iwe pachako, iwe ucharangwa muchikamu cheChikamu 3 uye Chikamu 4 cheArt. 12.2 yeCode of Administrative Offences yeRussian Federation: faindi uye kunyimwa kodzero kwemwedzi mitanhatu kusvika pagore.

Zvikuru nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu nechikamu chehuwori mukupihwa kwema plates ediplotic pakati pevatyairi, vakawana mukurumbira.

Tichifunga nezvekusavimbika uye njodzi yekumisa nhamba dzenhema, avo vanoda kuita kuti zvive nyore kwavari kushandisa mota vakawana nzira dze "kutenderera" mutemo. Chekutanga, kuve nekubatana, vazhinji vakapfuma vemabhizinesi uye semi-matsotsi vakagamuchira nhamba idzi kuti vawane mubairo wenyama, uye nekudaro maropafadzo nekuda kwevaridzi vavo kuburikidza nemaembassy ematunhu madiki. Chechipiri, zvaive zviri pamutemo kuwana nhamba dzepfumbamwe dzevagari vakave vanoremekedzwa consuls. Mienzaniso yenyaya dzinotyisa dzekuburitswa kusingadzoreki kwemarezenisi mahwendefa kubva kumamiriri uye maconsulates anogona kuwanikwa mumapepanhau (ona, semuenzaniso: chinyorwa mupepanhau Argumenty i Fakty kana Kommersant).

Mamiriro emutemo emotokari dzine mahofisi emumiriri wekunze muRussian Federation

Mahwendefa emota dzvuku akakosha, anogamuchirwa munyika yedu kuti aratidze mota dzemamishinari, anoita basa rakakosha: anobvumira mapurisa emumigwagwa kuti asiyanise mota dzine chinzvimbo chepamutemo mukufamba kwetraffic. Maererano neChikamu 3 cheArt. 22 ye1961 Kokorodzano yeDiplomatic Relations yakapera muVienna, uye Chikamu chechina cheArt. 4 ye31 Vienna Convention paConsular Relations, mota dzevamiriri vemisheni uye consulates hadzina kudzivirirwa kubva mukutsvagirwa, zvikumbiro (kubvutwa nezviremera), kusungwa uye zvimwe zviito zvekutonga.

Zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti Russia yakagadzira nzira yakakosha yekumisikidza dziviriro neropafadzo, kusiyana neyakagamuchirwa munyika zhinji dzepasi. Neimwe neimwe yenyika idzo Russian Federation ine hukama hwehukama, gungano rakasiyana remubatanidzwa rinosainwa. Mariri, huwandu hwezvido zvakapihwa hunogona kusiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune zvakajairika zvakavimbiswa ne1963 Vienna Convention. Naizvozvo, mamiriro emotokari dzemumiriri kubva kunyika dzakasiyana anogona kusiyana zvakanyanya.

Pamusoro pemotokari, hongu, ivo vamiriri ivo pachavo, vashandi vemahofisi ehurumende vane zvidziviriro zvinoenderana nemamiriro avo. Semuyenzaniso, Chinyorwa 31 cheVienna Convention ye1963 chinocherekedza kusadzivirirwa kubva kuhutongi hwehutsotsi hwenyika inotambira, pamwe nekutonga nekutonga, nezvirambidzo zvidiki, zvevamiriri vevamiriri. Kureva kuti, mumiriri wedhipatimendi, pamwe nevamwe vashandi vekune dzimwe nyika, havagone kupihwa mhosva nemasangano ehurumende neimwe nzira, kunze kwekunge nyika inobvumidza ichibvisa kusadzivirirwa kwavo (Chinyorwa 32 che1961 Vienna Convention).

Kusadzivirirwa hakurevi kusava nemhosva yakakwana kune mushandi wedhipatimendi kana hofisi yemumiriri, sezvo achigona kuzvidavirira nehurumende yakamutumira kuRussian Federation.

Vabati venhamba dzvuku vanonakidzwa nediplomatic immunity

Zvinotaurwa muzvibvumirano zvepasi rose zvakasimbiswa neRussia zvinonyanya kukosha pamusoro pemutemo wenyika maererano neChikamu 4 cheArt. 15 yeBumbiro reMitemo yeRussian Federation, saka, mitemo yekudzivirira kwemotokari inoratidzwawo mumitemo yedu. Mumutemo mutsva wekutonga wemapurisa emumigwagwa (Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs yeRussia yaAugust 23.08.2017, 664 N 292), chikamu chakasiyana chakatsaurirwa kumitemo yekubatana nemotokari dzevanhu vane hutachiona kubva kune hutongi hwehutungamiri. Zvinoenderana nendima XNUMX yeChirongwa cheMinistry of Internal Affairs, nzira dzinotevera dzekutonga chete dzinogona kushandiswa kune vagari vekune dzimwe nyika vanofarira kusadzivirirwa:

• kutarisa kwetraffic, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi nzira uye yakakosha tekinoroji nzira dzinoshanda mune otomatiki modhi;
• kumisa motokari;
• pedestrian stop;
• kuvimbiswa kwemagwaro, mahwendefa ehurumende yekunyoresa motokari, pamwe chete nemamiriro ehutano emotokari iri kushanda;
• kugadzira bumbiro pamusoro pemhosva yekutonga;
• kupa mutongo wekutanga nyaya pamhosva yekutonga uye kuita ongororo yekutonga;
• kubudiswa kwemutongo pamusoro pekuramba kutanga nyaya pamhosva yekutonga;
• kuongororwa kwemamiriro ekudhakwa nedoro;
• kuendeswa kunoongororwa nachiremba nokuda kwekudhakwa;
• kubudiswa kwechisarudzo panyaya yemhosva yekutonga;
• kugadzira chirongwa chekuongorora nzvimbo yekupara mhosva yekutonga.

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Asi mapurisa haana simba rekukwezva vagari vekune dzimwe nyika vane dziviriro kubva mukutonga kwekutonga kweRussian Federation. Zvinoenderana nendima 295 yeOrder of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, mune zviitiko apo mota inogadzira njodzi kune vamwe, mapurisa ane kodzero yekumisa mota ine madhipatimendi edhipatimendi vachishandisa nzira dziripo. Vanosungirwa kukurumidza kuzivisa izvi kune vavanoshanda navo mubazi reMinistry of Internal Affairs padanho redunhu. Vanofanirawo kuendesa ruzivo pamusoro pechiitiko ichi kuRussia Ministry of Foreign Affairs uye diplomatic mission iyo muridzi wemotokari. Mapurisa emumugwagwa ivo pachavo havana kodzero yekupinda mumotokari uye neimwe nzira vanobata mutyairi nevafambi pasina mvumo yavo.

Mapurisa emumigwagwa, achitya mhirizhonga inogona kuitika, haateereri kutyorwa kwevatyairi vemota dzine nhamba dzvuku.

Zvikasadaro, mota dzine nhamba dzvuku dziri pasi pemitemo yemugwagwa uye hadzina zvakanakira pane vamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa. Kunze kwemitemo kunowanzoitika kana uchipfuura mota dzemadiplomatic dzinoperekedzwa nemotokari dzemapurisa dzemigwagwa dzichishandisa masaini akakosha zvinoenderana neChitsauko 3 cheSDA. Motokari ine mwenje unopenya inogona kufuratira marobhoti, miganhu yekumhanya, kufambisa nekupfuura mitemo, nemimwe. Mari yakakosha, sekutonga, inoshandiswa chete nevakuru vemishoni mumatambudziko ekukurukurirana kwakakosha uye nekukurumidza.

Nekurongeka kwese kwezviri pamusoro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mapurisa emumigwagwa anozeza zvakanyanya kumisa mota dzine mahwendefa ekunyoresa, vachisarudza kufuratira kutyora kudiki. Uye varidzi vemotokari dzine nhamba dzvuku ivo pachavo vanowanzozvibata zvakashata mumigwagwa, vachiregeredza kwete chete tsika dzetsika, asiwo mitemo yemigwagwa. Naizvozvo, chenjera mumigwagwa uye, kana zvichibvira, dzivisa kubatanidzwa mukurwisana kusina musoro!

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Nhamba dzvuku pamotokari pasi rose

Vazhinji vekwedu panzendo dzekunze kwenyika vanoramba zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji vachifarira zvemunhu. Zvakakosha kuti vadzidze mitemo yekutanga yekuzvibata mumigwagwa yenyika yakagamuchirwa, iyo inogona kusiyana zvakanyanya kubva kuRussia. Mamiriro acho akafanana nemapepa erezinesi matsvuku: zvichienderana nenyika, vanowana zvirevo zvakasiyana.

Ukraine

Mapepa erezinesi matsvuku ekuUkraine ane mavara machena neatema uye manhamba anoratidza mota dzekufambisa. Sezvo ivo vachipihwa kwenguva shoma, zvinhu zvendiro yekunyoresa ipurasitiki, kwete simbi. Mukuwedzera, mwedzi wekubudiswa unoratidzwa pane nhamba yacho pachayo, kuitira kuti zvive nyore kuisa nguva yekupedzisira yekushandisa.

Nhamba dzekufambisa dzeUkraine mutsvuku

Belarus

Mu Union Republic, marezenisi matsvuku mahwendefa, semunyika yedu, anopihwa mota dzemamishinari ekunze. Pane imwe chete kunze: mukuru wepamusoro-soro weUshumiri hweMukati meRepublic of Belarus angave ari muridzi wemotokari ine nhamba dzvuku.

Europe

MuEuropean Union, muenzaniso mumwe chete wekushandiswa kwemahwendefa emotokari matsvuku hauna kugadzirwa. MuBulgaria neDenmark, mota dzine mahwendefa matsvuku ekunyoresa dzinoshanda nhandare dzendege. MuBelgium, nhamba dzakajairika dziri mutsvuku. MuGreece, vatyairi vetekisi vakawana nhamba dzvuku. Uye Hungary ivo vakapihwa chekufambisa chinokwanisa kusimudzira yakaderera chete.

Vhidhiyo: nezvekushandiswa kwenhamba dzvuku muGermany yemazuva ano

Nhamba dzvuku muGermany, nei dzichidiwa uye maitiro ekugadzira?

Asia

MuArmenia, Mongolia neKazakhstan, mahwendefa erezinesi matsvuku, seRussia, ndiwo ane kodzero yevamiriri vekunze.

MuTurkey, kune mhando mbiri dzenhamba dzine tsvuku kumashure:

• kumotokari dzehurumende;
• kune marector nevashandi vematunhu enzvimbo.

United States

United States inyika yemubatanidzwa nehurumende, saka mvumo yekumisa zviyero zvemapuleti ekunyoreswa kwemotokari ndeyenyika yega yega. Semuyenzaniso, muPennsylvania, mota dzechimbichimbi dzinogashira ndiro dzvuku, uye muOhio, kudhindwa dzvuku kuseri kweyero kunoratidza vatyairi vakadhakwa mumugwagwa.

Dzimwe nyika

MuCanada, marezinesi ma plates ari mutsvuku pane chena kumashure. Ndichiri kuBrazil, tsvuku yekumashure yemarezinesi ma plates ndeyemukati mekutakura veruzhinji.

Mapepa ekunyoresa motokari mune zvitsvuku munyika dzepasi ane zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Vane chinhu chimwe chete chakafanana - chishuwo chevakuru vehurumende kuratidza motokari mukufamba kwemotokari, kuita kuti ionekwe kune vakakomberedza vanofamba netsoka, vatyairi nemapurisa. MuRussia, nhamba dzvuku dzinogara dziri dzevamiriri. Iwo mavara akajeka emahwendefa anoitirwa kuratidza chimiro chakakosha chemotokari yedhipatimendi kana imwe sangano rekunze.