Lavochkin La-5

Murwi ane chigaro chimwe chete La-5 panguva yeGreat Patriotic War.

Iyo Soviet single-injini-seat fighter La-5 yeGreat Patriotic War yakagadziridzwa panzvimbo yedhizaini yeSemyon Alekseevich Lavochkin seyekunatsa uye mutsivi weLaGG-3, murwi wemapuranga akashongedzerwa neM-yakaita semvura-yakatonhorera. injini. 105 inline injini. Iyo ndege itsva yakasiyana neyakapfuura vhezheni kunyanya mune itsva M-82 radial injini.

Muchikamu chekutanga cheGreat Patriotic War, dambudziko guru revarwi veSoviet raive kushayikwa kweinjini dzakakodzera uye hurombo hwekugadzira kwavo. Simba risina kukwana remafambisirwo anowanikwa haana kubvumira kuwana maitiro aidiwa - kubhururuka kwepamusoro uye kumhanya kwepamusoro kunodiwa kuti utange kurwa kwakaenzana nemuvengi. Naizvozvo, zvimwe zvishoma zvinoda kutaurwa nezve pre-hondo Soviet injini pachavo.

Kusvikira pakupera kwema20, indasitiri yeinjini yeSoviet ndege yakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma. Munguva iyi, injini imwe chete yakabudirira chaizvo yakagadzirwa uye yakanga iri nyeredzi M-11 M-1892 naArkady Dmitrievich Shevchenov (1953-4), iyo yakavakwa paplant No. 1924 (yakatangwa nekambani yeFrench Salmson pamberi peNyika Hondo). Ndiri muMoscow. Kubva muna 1921, A. D. Shvetsov, akapedza kudzidza kuMoscow State Technical School muna 11, akava injiniya mukuru wechirimwa ichi. Zvisinei, chaizvoizvo, aingotarisira kugadzirwa kweinjini, uye Nikolai Vasilyevich Okroshenko akanga ari mugadziri wayo chaiye. Five-cylinder M-100 ine simba re2 hp Yakanga yakagadzirirwa kudzidzisa ndege uye inonyanyo zivikanwa neiyo inozivikanwa Po-1930 "chibage" (injini iyi yakagadzirwa muUSSR muna 1952-XNUMX).

Yekutanga yekutanga yeSoviet high-power injini yaive M-34, yakagadzirwa naAlexander Alekseevich Mikulin (1895-1985), muzukuru weaerodynamicist akakurumbira Nikolai Evgenievich Zhukovsky. Kunyange zvazvo asina kumbopedza kudzidza kubva kuKyiv Polytechnic Institute, akavhiringidzwa nekuputika kweHondo Yenyika Yokutanga, muna 1923 akazova mubatsiri wekutsvakurudza paAutomobile and Engine Research Institute muMoscow, kwaakazova mugadziri weinjini ye ndege makore maviri gare gare. Pano muna 1928 akatanga kushanda pa-12-cylinder mvura-yakatonhodzwa V-injini. Muna 1930, akatamira nepurojekiti yake kuInstitute of Aircraft Engines (gare gare Central Institute of Aircraft Engines), iyo yaivawo muMoscow, kusiri kure neMotor Plant No. 4. Injini yeM-34 yakaedzwa dynamometer mu. 1932. Ndakapa simba rekusimuka re45,8 hp. Nzvimbo yekutanga yekuvandudzwa kweM-800 yaive yeGerman BMW VI injini, yakabudiswa muUSSR seM-34, iyo, zvisinei, yakanga ine vhoriyamu yakakura parita nekuda kwekurova kukuru kwepiston mumutsara wekuruboshwe, nekuda. kune kushandiswa kweiyo huru yekubatanidza tsvimbo mumutsara mumwe uye inotyairwa yekubatanidza tsvimbo mune zvakasiyana. Iyo M-17 yakanga ine matanda ekubatanidza akafanana uye piston sitiroko yakafanana mumitsara miviri. Kubatanidza tsvimbo M-34 (BMW VI) yakashandiswa mumuenzaniso unotevera AM-17 (35 hp), kutama kwacho kwakawedzera kusvika 1200 litita, uye bhangi rekuruboshwe remasilinda zvakare rakave nekurohwa kwenguva refu kupfuura mutsara wekurudyi. Injini iyi mune yekugadzira vhezheni ye AM-36,8A yakaburitsa 35 hp. Zvinofanira kusimbiswa pano kuti kukura kweM-1350, yekutanga yakabudirira yeSoviet high-power ndege injini, yakaunza kukudzwa kuna A.A. Mikulin, uye kubva panguva iyo injini dzake dzakatanga kusarudzwa se AM-34, mushure mekutanga, uye. kwete chiyero M kubva injini. AM-34A, yakagadzirwa pachirimwa Nhamba 35 muMoscow (yakagadzirwa semugumisiro wekubatanidzwa kwejini injini Nhamba 24 neNo. 2, zvose Moscow) yakashandiswa kunyanya paMiG-4 fighters (uyewo paPe-3 heavy bombers ), uye vhezheni yayo nekuwedzera kumhanya, yakakwirira compression reshiyo, asi yakaderera compressor kumhanya uye yakaderera boost pressure (8 pachinzvimbo che 1,4 atm), inonzi AM-1,9, yakagadziridzwa-huru yeIl-38 kurwisa ndege (yakatarisana nekuwedzera kugadzirwa kweinjini dzerudzi urwu uye kuvandudza parameters, kusimukira kweiyo AM-2 modhi ine simba rakakura re37 hp, yakaitirwa MiG-1500 fighters uye Tu-7 pamberi-mabhomba mabhomba, yakamiswa). Pakupera kwehondo, injini yakatonyanya simba AM-2 yakaiswa mukugadzirwa, iyo yakashandiswa paIl-42 kurwisa ndege.

Mamwe ese eSoviet serial ndege injini dzenguva isati yatanga dzakagadzirwa zvakananga kubva kune dzimwe nyika injini dzakatengwa marezinesi. Muna 1933, zvakasarudzwa kuti nekuda kwekushayikwa kwekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro avo muna 1930-1932. (hazvishamisi, ivo vakatanga kubva pakutanga) kutenga marezinesi einjini dzinoenderana kunze kwenyika kuitira kuti varege kumisa kusimukira kwendege. Imwe yemarezinesi akawanikwa panguva iyoyo yaive yeinjini yeFrance Hispano-Suiza 12Y, mushanduro brs yemabhomba uye ma crs evarwi (iyo yekupedzisira yakagadziridzwa kuisa cannon mujini block, kupfura negearbox shaft mukati mechikamu chepakati. ye propeller hub). Yakanga yakaita V-yakaita 12-cylinder injini, asi idiki uye yakareruka kupfuura magadzirirwo aA. A. Mikulin. Injini yemhando yepamusoro yakagadzira simba rekutanga re860 hp. Plant Nhamba 26 muRybinsko yakagadzirirwa kugadzirwa kwehuwandu. M-100 injini dzainyanya kushandiswa paSB pamberi-mutsara mabhomba. Nenguva isipi, shanduro yakavandudzwa yeM-103 yakaonekwa, yakagadzirwa pasi peutungamiri hwaVladimir Yurevich Klimov, nekuwedzera kwekumanikidza uye kukurumidza, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera simba kusvika 960 hp. Injini yakaiswa pane dzakatevera shanduro dzeSB bomber uye Yak-2 mauto bhomba. Muna 1940, kugadzirwa muRybinsk, uyezve pamafekitari Nhamba 16 muVoronezh uye No. zvinhu zviri nani. dzakashandiswa kuwedzera kuwedzera kudzvinyirira reshiyo uye dzimwe shanduko dzakawanda. Injini yakagadzira simba rekusimuka re27 hp, uye yakazotevera yekugadzirwa kweM-105PF-1100 yaive nesimba re105 hp. Muna 2, mukucherechedza kunaka kwaV.J. Klimov, akapiwa kodzero yekumaka injini dzake nemashoko ekutanga "WK", uye M-1360 (WK-1944) injini yakava injini huru yeSoviet yeHondo Yenyika II. - pakazosvika 105, 105 zvikamu zvakagadzirwa pamafekitari matatu. Muna Gumiguru 1947, Plant No. 75 kubva kuVoronezh yakaendeswa kuUfa, uye Plant No. 250 kubva kuRybinsk kuenda kuKazan, uko Plant No. vanenge vose Yak-1941 fighters , Yak-16, Yak-26, Yak-27), pamwe chete neakambotaurwa LaGG-1 fighters uye Pe-3 dive bombers.