Lavochkin-La-7
Lavochkin La-7
Iyo La-5FN yaive murwi akabudirira uye yakaita zvinonwisa mvura pakuvaka chinotsiva huni. Kumberi, izvi zvakanga zvisati zvakwana, kunyanya sezvo maGermany haana kugara pasi, achiunza varwi vakavandudzwa veMesserschmitt neFocke-Wulf mubasa. Zvakanga zvakafanira kuwana nzira yekuvandudza kushanda kweLa-5FN, uye kwete kutanga ndege itsva zvachose munhevedzano. Yakanga isiri nyore basa, asi Semyon Aleksandrovich Lavochkin akatsungirira nayo.
Muchirimo-matsutso a1943, S.A. Lavochkin akashanda nesimba mukuvandudza murwi wake weLa-5FN aine injini yeASh-82FN. Aiziva kuti kuvandudzwa kwekuita kwaigona kuwanikwa nenzira nhatu: kuwedzera simba rechikamu chemagetsi uye kuderedza uremu uye kudhonza kweaerodynamic. Nzira yekutanga yakakurumidza kuvharwa nekuda kwenhamo yeM-71 injini (2200 hp). Zvose zvakasara kwaiva kuderedza uremu uye kunatsa kweaerodynamic. Aya mabasa akaitwa mukubatana kwepedyo neCentral Institute yeAerohydrodynamics. Mhedzisiro yavo yaizoshandiswa muchirongwa chemurwi wemazuva ano, maprototypes maviri ayo aifanira kuvakwa zvichienderana nebasa rakatarwa nePeople's Commissariat yeAviation Indasitiri muna Gumiguru 29, 1943.
Kutanga, iyo aerodynamic injini casing yakavharwa. Sei? Nekuti mhepo, ichipinda pasi pekasi yesimba remagetsi, inopisa mukati, ichitonhora macylinders anopisa. Nokudaro, kudzvinyirirwa kwemhepo iyi kunowedzera uye inowanzopukunyuka. Kana ikabuda kubva pasi pemaketeni, kumhanya kwayo kunoenderana, izvo zvinopa imwe recoil mhedzisiro inobviswa kubva kune aerodynamic dhizaini yendege, ichidzikisa. Zvisinei, kana chivharo chisati chavharwa uye mhepo inopukunyuka kuburikidza nemapundu aripo, saka haisi iyo chete mhepo inoputika isipo, asi mhepo inoyerera nepakati inokonzera mhirizhonga, ichiwedzera kupikisa kwemhepo inoyerera kumativi eimba. Chechipiri shanduko huru kumurwi wemazuva ano yaive yekuti iyo inotonhorera yemafuta yakaendeswa kumashure, kubva pasi pekumashure kweinjini casing, pasi pefuselage, kuseri kwekumashure kwebapiro. Shanduko iyi yakabatsirawo kuderedza kudhonza, sezvo mhirizhonga yeradiator haina kuitika pamberi pebapiro-fuselage kubatana, asi kuseri kwebapiro. Sezvazvakazoitika panguva yekutsvakurudza, zvose zvakagadziriswa zvakabatsira kuderedza kudhonza, izvo zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwekukurumidza kukuru ne 24 km / h - kuvhara injini yekuvhara uye ne 11 km / h - kufambisa radiator, i.e. 35 km/h.
Paunenge uchigadzira serial tekinoroji yekuvhara chivharo chejini, zvakasarudzwawo kuderedza maburi emhepo kuseri kwechivharo chesimba remagetsi, rakafukidzwa nemaketeni. Kudonhedza kudiki kunoreva kushoma kutonhora, asi kushanda kweASh-82FN kwakaratidza kuti hainyanyi kupisa kupfuura ASh-82F, uye izvi zvakachengeteka. Panguva imwecheteyo, injini yakagamuchira pombi dzepombi dzemunhu pane kuburitsa magasi emhepo kuburikidza nemapombi gumi (paLa-10FN, masilinda masere aive nepombi imwe yemasilinda maviri uye matanhatu aive ega). Nekuda kweizvi, zvaive zvichigoneka kusimudza mipendero yezasi yevanokanganisa zvakare kubva kumusoro kwebapiro pamubatanidzwa nefuselage, uye zvakare kufambisa nzvimbo yemhepo inovhuvhuta (mhepo yaiyerera ichibva kune deflector yakazadzwa nemavortices) . kure nebapiro.
Uye zvakare, kutorwa kwemhepo kweinjini kwakafambiswa kubva kumusoro kwekasi yesimba remagetsi kuenda kuchikamu chepasi, icho chakavandudza kuoneka kubva kujongwe uye zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kuti mutyairi avavarire, mamwe magiya ekumhara akaunzwa. vhara zvachose mavhiri mushure mekunge adzoreredzwa, shandura shanduko yebapiro-fuselage uye bvisa mast radio station antenna nekuunza antenna isina mastless mumuswe wakatwasuka. Uye zvakare, iyo axial kureba muripo wakawedzera kubva pa20% kusvika 23%, izvo zvinoderedza kushanda nesimba pane yekudzora tsvimbo. Mhinduro idzi dzakabatsira pakuwedzera kudzikiswa kweaerodynamic drag, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwekumhanya kwepamusoro neimwe 10-15 km/h.
Shanduko idzi dzese dzakaitwa payakavakwazve La-5FN ine serial nhamba 39210206. Tsvakurudzo yake paFlight Test Institute yePeople's Commissariat yeAviation Industry panhandare yendege yeZhukovsky yakatanga musi wa14 Zvita 1943, asi bvunzo dzekubhururuka dzakakundikana kwenguva refu. nguva nekuda kwekuoma kwemamiriro ekunze . Haina kubhururuka kekutanga kusvika Ndira 30, 1944, asi nekuda kwekutadza kwaFebruary 10, hapana ndege zhinji dzakaitwa pairi. Mutyairi Nikolai V. Adamovich aifanira kusiya ndege neparachute mushure memoto usingadzimi moto.
Zvichakadaro, kuvakwazve kwechipiri La-5FN kwakapedzwa, iyo yaive neserial nhamba 45210150 uye yakagamuchira zita reLa-5 yemhando yekugadzira ye1944. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti, kusiyana nemasamples ekare pakaedzwa mhinduro dzega, panguva ino chimiro chefekitori chemhando z chakachinjwa. "39" (La-5FN ine mapapiro emapuranga spar) kana "41" (La-5FN ine simbi mapapiro spar) kusvika "45". Mumuchina uyu, chivharo chejini chakawedzera kuvharwa, kupinza kwemhepo kune injini kwakakamurwa kuita nzira mbiri ndokuendeswa kune zvikamu zvefuselage zvechikamu chepakati (mabatiro maviri pamativi ese efuselage akabva abatanidzwa kumusoro, kubva ipapo. mhepo yakanangidzirwa kumhepo compressor kuburikidza nemhepo duct) uye simbi fender liners, iyo mbabvu dzemapuranga uye delta huni planking dzakabatanidzwa. Chigadzirwa chitsva chaive VISz-105W-4 propeller, yaive nematipi eblade ane yakakosha perimonic profile yekudzikisa kupikisa kwemafungu ematipi eblade, iyo inoswededza kumhanya kwekurira nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Imwe shanduko yaive yekushandiswa kwemakanononi matatu eB-20 pachinzvimbo chepfuti mbiri dzeSP-20 (ShVAK), dzose dziri 20 mm caliber. Iwo makuru ekumhara magiya magiya aive akareba masendimita masere pane aya eLa-8FN, uye mavhiri ekumashure aive mapfupi. Izvi zvakawedzera park angle yendege uye rollover kuramba apo throttle yaishandiswa nekukasira pakusimuka kana kuti payakabhureki zvakanyanya pakumhara.
