Li-ion bhatiri
Zviri mukati
Lithium ion bhatiri kana lithium ion bhatiri imhando ye lithium bhatiri
Emerging matekinoroji e-kufamba
Mafonifoni, makamera emubhodhi, drones, maturusi emagetsi, midhudhudhu yemagetsi, scooters ... lithium mabhatiri anowanikwa kwose kwose muupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva uye akashandura kushandiswa kwakawanda. Asi chii chavanounza uye vanogona kuramba vachishanduka?
История
Yakanga iri muma1970 iyo lithium-ion bhatiri yakaunzwa naStanley Whittingham. Basa rekupedzisira richaenderera mberi naJohn B. Goodenough naAkiro Yoshino muna 1986. Yakanga isiri kusvika 1991 apo Sony yakaburitsa bhatiri rekutanga rerudzi rwayo pamusika ndokutanga shanduko yetekinoroji. Muna 2019, vatatu-vakagadzira vakapihwa Mubairo weNobel muChemistry.
Sei kushanda?
Lithium-ion bhatiri inonyatso paki yemaseru akati wandei e-lithium-ion anochengeta uye anodzosera simba remagetsi. Bhatiri rinobva pazvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: a positive electrode, inonzi cathode, negative electrode, inonzi anode, uye electrolyte, conductive solution.
Kana bhatiri rabuda, anode inoburitsa maerekitironi kuburikidza ne electrolyte kusvika kune cathode, iyo inozochinjanisa maion akanaka. Movement inoshanduka paunenge uchichaja.
Nokudaro, nheyo yekushanda inoramba yakangofanana neye "lead" bhatiri, kunze kwekuti pano mutungamiri uye mutobvu oxide ye electrode inotsiviwa necobalt oxide cathode, iyo inosanganisira zvishoma lily uye graphite anode. Saizvozvo, sulfuric acid kana yekugezesa mvura inopa nzira kune electrolyte yelithium munyu.
Iyo electrolyte inoshandiswa nhasi iri muchimiro chemvura, asi tsvakiridzo iri kufamba yakananga kune yakasimba, yakachengeteka uye inogara yakasimba electrolyte.
zvakwakanakira
Sei bhatiri re lithium-ion rakapfuura munhu wese mumakore makumi maviri apfuura?
Mhinduro iri nyore. Iri bhatiri rinopa yakanakisa simba density uye nekudaro inopa kuita kwakafanana kwekuchengetedza huremu uchienzaniswa nemutobvu, nickel ...
Aya mabhatiri zvakare ane yakaderera-yega yekuzviburitsa (yakakura 10% pamwedzi), inogadzirisa-isina uye haina ndangariro maitiro.
Pakupedzisira, kana ichidhura kudarika yekare yebheteri technologies, inodhura kudarika lithium polymer (Li-Po) uye inoramba iine simba kupfuura lithium phosphate (LiFePO4).
kutadza
Nekudaro, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion haana kunaka uye, kunyanya, ane kukuvara kwakawanda kwesero kana akaburitswa zvizere. Nokudaro, kuitira kuti varege kurasikirwa nezvinhu zvavo nokukurumidza, zviri nani kuzvitakura pasina kumirira kuti zvive flat.
Chekutanga, bhatiri rinogona kuunza njodzi dzakakomba dzekuchengetedza. Kana bhatiri rakawandisa kana kudonha pazasi -5 ° C, lithium inosimba kuburikidza nemadendrites kubva kune yega electrode. Kana anode uye cathode zvakabatana nemadendrites avo, bhatiri rinogona kubata moto uye kuputika. Mhosva dzakawanda dzakataurwa neNokia, Fujitsu-Siemens kana Samsung, kuputika kwakaitikawo mundege, saka nhasi zvinorambidzwa kutakura lithium-ion bhatiri muchibatiso, uye kukwira mucabin kunowanzo kuganhurirwa maererano nesimba (rakarambidzwa pamusoro. 160 Wh uye pasi pemvumo kubva pa100 kusvika 160 Wh).
Nekudaro, kurwisa chiitiko ichi, vagadziri vakaisa maelectronic control systems (BMS) anokwanisa kuyera tembiricha yebhatiri, kudzora magetsi, uye kuita seanotyora matunhu kana pakaitika dambudziko. Solid electrolyte kana polymer gel ndiwowo maonero akaongororwa kunzvenga dambudziko.
Zvakare, kudzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya, kuchaja bhatiri kunodzikiswa pamusoro pekupedzisira makumi maviri muzana, saka nguva dzekuchaja dzinowanzo kushambadzwa pa20% ...
Zvisinei, bhatiri rinoshandiswa zvikuru re-lithium-ion yekushandiswa kwezuva nezuva rine simba guru pane zvakatipoteredza, kutanga nekubudisa lithium, iyo inoda huwandu hwenyeredzi hwemvura yakachena, uye yozodzokorora zvakare pamagumo ehupenyu hwayo. Nekudaro, kudzokorodza kana kushandiswazve kuri kuwedzera gore negore.
Ndeipi ramangwana re lithium ion?
Sezvo tsvagiridzo ichifamba ichiwedzera kune mamwe matekinoroji asina kusvibisa, akasimba, akachipa kugadzira, kana kuchengetedzwa, iyo lithium-ion bhatiri yasvika pakugona kwayo?
Lithium-ion bhatiri, yanga ichishanda mukutengesa kwemakumi matatu emakore, isati yave neshoko rayo rekupedzisira, uye zviri kuitika zvinoramba zvichivandudza simba remagetsi, kumhanya kwekuchaja, kana kuchengeteka. Takaona izvi nekufamba kwemakore, kunyanya mumunda wemota dzine mavhiri maviri, uko scooter yaingovepo anenge makiromita makumi mashanu makore mashanu apfuura, mamwe midhudhudhu ikozvino inodarika mazana maviri emhando zviteshi.
Zvipikirwa zvechimurenga zvakare mauto seNawa kabhoni electrode, Jenax rinopengeka bhatiri, 105 ° C inoshanda tembiricha muNGK ...
Nehurombo, kutsvagisa kunowanzo kutarisana nehukasha hwekuita purofiti uye zvinodikanwa zveindasitiri. Zvichimirira kuvandudzwa kweimwe tekinoroji, kunyanya inotarisirwa lithium-mhepo, lithium-ion ichiri neramangwana rakajeka pamberi, kunyanya munyika yemagetsi mavhiri maviri, uko uremu uye kuderedzwa kwetsoka zvakakosha.
