Lockheed R-3 Orion Chikamu chekutanga

Kubhururuka kweiyo prototype YP-3V-1 kwakaitika muna Mbudzi 25, 1959 panhandare yendege yeLockheed chirimwa muBurbank, California.

Pakati paMay 2020, iyo VP-40 Kurwisa Marlins yakave yekupedzisira US Navy patrol squadron kuendesa P-3C Orions. Iyo VP-40 yakapedzawo kugadzirisazve Boeing P-8A Poseidon. P-3Cs ichiri kushanda nemauto maviri ekuchengeta patrol, boka rekudzidzira, uye maviri US Navy test squadrons. Ekupedzisira P-3Cs anofanirwa kuregedzwa muna 2023. Makore maviri gare gare, EP-3E ARIES II ndege yekuongorora yemagetsi yakavakirwa paP-3C ichagumisawo basa ravo. Izvi zvinopedza basa rakabudirira kwazvo reP-3 Orion, iro rakagamuchirwa neUS Navy muna 1962.

Muna Nyamavhuvhu 1957, US Naval Operations Command (US Navy) yakapa iyo inodaidzwa. mataurirwo erudzi rwendege, Nhamba 146. Tsanangudzo Nha. 146 yaive yendege itsva yekufamba mugungwa yekurinda kutsiva yaishandiswa panguva iyoyo Lockheed P2V-5 Neptune patrol ndege uye Martin P5M-2S Marlin anobhururuka mabhoti ekurinda. Dhizaini nyowani iyi yaifanirwa kupa huwandu hwekubhadhara mubhadharo, nzvimbo yakawanda muhull yeAnti-submarine Defense (ASD) masisitimu, pamwe nenzvimbo dzakawanda dzekudzora pa-board midziyo, hukuru hukuru, radius yekuita uye kureba kwenguva yekubhururuka zvichienzaniswa P2V-. 5 . Vatengi vacho vaisanganisira Lockheed, Consolidated naMartin, vese vari vatatu vane ruzivo rwakadzama rwekuvaka ndege dzekufamba mugungwa. Pakutanga, nekuda kwehuwandu husina kukwana, ndege yeFrench Breguet Br.1150 Atlantique (iri kupiwawo kuEuropean NATO nhengo semutsivi weNeptune ndege) yakadonhedzwa. Zvaive pachena kuti US Navy yaitsvaga yakakura, zvichida ine mainjini mana, dhizaini.

R-3A yeVP-47 squadron inopfuta 127-mm isina kutungamirwa maroketi "Zuni" kubva kune akawanda-barreled underwing launchers.

Lockheed akabva aronga dhizaini yaive shanduko yechina-injini, 85-seat L-188A Electra ndege. Inofambiswa neyakaomeswa Allison T56-A-10W turboprop injini (yakanyanya simba 3356 kW4500 hp), iyo Elektra yairatidzwa nekumhanya kukuru kwekufamba pakakwirira, kune rumwe rutivi, uye yakanaka kwazvo hunhu hwekubhururuka pakudzika uye kwakaderera kumhanya, kune rimwe divi. . rumwe ruoko. Zvese izvi zvine mwero mafuta ekushandisa, zvichipa huwandu hwakakwana. Ndege iyi yakanga ine nacelles dzeinjini dzakaita semapapiro dzine madhakisi akareba. Magadzirirwo aya akakonzera kupera kweturbine yeinjini kuunza imwezve nomwe muzana yesimba. Injini dzakatyaira Hamilton Standard 54H60-77 simbi propellers ane dhayamita 4,1 m.

Nehurombo, iyo Electra haina kuwana yaitarisirwa kubudirira kwekutengeserana nekuda kwesimba rebapiro nyaya. Paive netsaona nhatu dzeL-1959A muna 1960-188. Ongororo yacho yakaratidza kuti chiitiko che "oscillatory flutter" yebapiro ndicho chikonzero chekuputsika kuviri. Dhizaini yekumisikidza yemamotor ekunze yaive isina kusimba zvekudzikamisa zvakaringana kuzunguzika kwakakonzerwa netorque yavo yakakura. Iwo maoscillations anofambiswa kune mapapiro emapapiro akatungamira kune kuwedzera kwavo oscillation nezve yakatwasuka axis. Izvi, zvakare, zvakakonzera kuputsika kwechimiro uye kupatsanurwa kwayo. Lockheed akabva aita shanduko dzakakodzera kune dhizaini yebapiro uye injini inokwirisa. Idzi shanduko dzakaitwawo mumakopi ese akatoburitswa. Zviito izvi, zvisinei, zvakakundikana kuponesa mukurumbira weElektra, uye mari yekuita shanduko uye mhosva dzakazoisa chisimbiso chekupedzisira kwendege. Muna 1961, mushure mekuvaka 170 mayuniti, Lockheed yakamisa kugadzirwa kweL-188A.

Yakagadzirwa neLockheed yeUS Navy chirongwa, iyo Model 185 yakachengeta mapapiro, injini uye muswe weL-188A. Iyo fuselage yakapfupikiswa ne 2,13 m (mune pre-bapiro chikamu), iyo yakanyanya kudzikisa huremu hwemuganho wendege. Pasi pechikamu chemberi chefuselage kune bhomba rebhomba rakavharwa negonhi rakapetwa kaviri, uye pasi pechikamu chemashure chefuselage kune mazaru mana ejection ye sonobuoys. Ndege iyi yaifanira kuva nenzvimbo gumi dzekusungirira zvombo zvekunze - nhatu pasi pebapiro rebapiro rimwe nerimwe uye maviri pasi pefuselage yebapiro rimwe nerimwe. Kabhini magirazi matanhatu mapaneru akatsiviwa neashanu makuru, achinatsiridza vashandi kuoneka kwakanaka sekabhini yeElectra. Ese mahwindo ekamuri yevatakuri akabviswa uye mafafitera mana ekutarisa akaiswa - maviri kune rimwe divi remberi fuselage uye maviri kune rimwe divi reshure fuselage.

Mukova wekubuda nechimbichimbi unotungamira kumapapiro (ane mahwindo) pamativi ese efuselage anochengetedzwa, gonhi rekuruboshwe rinotamiswa rakananga kumucheto kwebapiro. Gonhi rekuruboshwe rekumberi kwevafambi rakabviswa, richingosiya gonhi reruboshwe chete semusuwo wepamberi wendege. Mhino yeMhino yeElectra yakatsiviwa neitsva, yakakura uye inonongedza imwe. A magnetic anomaly detector (DMA) inoiswa pamagumo emuswe chikamu. Detector uye gomo rakareba 3,6 m, saka hurefu hweOrion hwakareba 1,5 m kupfuura yeElectra. Musi waApril 24, 1958, Lockheed Model 185 yakasarudzwa neUnited States Navy kuti iite ndege itsva yekuongorora.

Yekutanga prototype yeramangwana "Orion" yakavakwa pahwaro hwechitatu yekugadzira unit "Electra". Yakanga iine yepakutanga isiri-yakapfupikiswa fuselage, asi yakashongedzerwa nekunyomba kwebhomba bay uye VUR. Yaive sampuli yakagadzirirwa kuongororwa kweaerodynamic. Iyo prototype, iyo yakagamuchira nhamba yekunyoreswa kwevanhu N1883, yakatanga kubhururuka muna Nyamavhuvhu 19, 1958. Musi wa7 Gumiguru, 1958, Navy yakapa Lockheed kondirakiti yekuvaka yekutanga inoshanda prototype, yakasarudzwa YP3V-1. Yakavakwa pahwaro hweN1883, iyo yakazogamuchira zvese zvinhu, masisitimu uye zvishandiso zvakapihwa neprojekiti. Ndege yakabhururuka zvakare munaNovember 25, 1959 kuBurbank Lockheed, California. Panguva ino YP3V-1 yakanga ine nhamba yeSeriyeri yeU.S. BuNo 148276. Mauto eNavy akagadza zviri pamutemo dhizaini idzva seP3V-1.

Pakati pemakore ekuma1960, US Navy yakasarudza kutanga kuvaka 148883 pre-production units (BuNo 148889 - 148883). MunaNovember, ndege yacho yakanzi Orion zviri pamutemo, maererano netsika yaLockheed yekupa mazita ndege dzine chekuita nengano uye nyeredzi. Kubhururuka kwekutanga kusati kwagadzirwa prototype (BuNo 15) kwakaitika muna Kubvumbi 1961, 3 panhandare yendege yeBurbank. Yakabva yatanga nguva yemayedzo akasiyana eiyo YAP1V-3 prototype uye manomwe ekutanga-kugadzirwa P1V-1961 kumisikidzwa. Muna Chikumi 1, Naval Air Test Center (NATC) yakatanga chikamu chekutanga cheNaval Preliminary Examination (NPE-1) paNAS Patuxent River, Maryland. Iyo chete YP3V-1 prototype yakapinda muchikamu cheNPE-XNUMX.

Nhanho yechipiri yekuyedza (NPE-2) yaisanganisira kuyedzwa kwemayuniti ekugadzira ari kushanda. Iyo Navy yakaipedza muna Gumiguru 1961, ichiraira mugadziri kuti aite diki dhizaini shanduko. Chikamu cheNPE-3 chakapera muna Kurume 1962, chichigadzira nzira yekupedzisira kuyedzwa uye kuongororwa kwedhizaini (Board of Inspection, BIS). Munguva iyi, maP3V-1 mashanu akaedzwa paRwizi rwePatuxent (BuNo 148884–148888) uye imwe (BuNo 148889) yakaedzwa paNaval Weapons Evaluation Center (NWEF) muAlbux-Evaluquerque, New Mexico. Pakupedzisira, musi waChikumi 16, 1962, P3V-1 Orions yakaziviswa kushanda zvizere nemauto eUS Navy.

P-3A

Musi waGunyana 18, 1962, Pentagon yakaunza hurongwa hutsva hwekumaka kwendege dzemauto. Zita reP3V-1 rakazoshandurwa kuita P-3A. Iyo Lockheed chirimwa muBurbank chakavaka huwandu hwe157 P-3As. Hondo yeUnited States ndiyo yega yakagashira iyi modhi yeOrion, isina kutumirwa kunze kwenyika panguva yekugadzirwa.

Iyo R-3A yaive nechikwata chevanhu gumi nevatatu, kusanganisira: mutyairi wendege (KPP), mutyairi wendege (PP13P), mutyairi wechitatu (PP2P), tactical coordinator (TAKKO), navigator (TAKNAV), radio operator (RO), deki. mechanic (FE3), yechipiri mechanics (FE1), inonzi. mushandisi weasina-acoustic systems, i.e. Radar uye MAD (SS-2), maviri acoustic system operators (SS-3 uye SS-1), pa-board technician (BT) uye pfuti (ORD). Iyo IFT tekinoroji yaive nebasa rekutarisa mashandiro uye kuita chigadziriso chekugadzirisa masisitimu uye pane-bhodhi zvishandiso (magetsi), uye murwi aive nebasa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kugadzirira nekuburitswa kwema sonic buoys. Paive nezvinzvimbo zvishanu zvevakuru pamwe chete - vatyairi vatatu uye maNFO maviri, i.e. Mapurisa eNavy (TACCO neTACNAV) nevasere vasina kutumwa.

Mutyairi wendege, mutyairi wendege, akanga akagara kurudyi rwake, uye injiniya wendege, aiva nezvigaro zvitatu. Chigaro chamakanika chaive chakatendereka uye chaigona kutsvedza panjanji dzakaiswa pasi. Nekuda kweizvi, aikwanisa kubva pachigaro chake (kuseri kwegomba, kudivi renyeredzi) kuti agare pakati, nekuseri kwezvigaro zvevatyairi vendege. Mutyairi wendege aive Patrol Plane Commander (PPC). Kuseri kwegomba riri parutivi pe starboard kwaive nenzvimbo yemuchina wepiri, uyezve chimbuzi. Seri kwegomba, kudivi rechiteshi, kwaive nehofisi yemushandisi wenhepfenyuro. Nzvimbo dzadzo dzakanga dziri kumativi ose ehull pakukwirira kwemahwindo ekuona. Saka, vaigonawo kuita sevacherechedzi. Pakati pechikamu chehull, kuruboshwe, kune nzvimbo yekurwisana yeTactical Coordinator (TAKKO). Paiva nezviteshi zvehondo zvishanu zvaiva pedyo neimwe, zvokuti vafambisi vaigara nedivi vakatarisa kwaienda kundege, vakatarisa kudivi rechiteshi. Temba reTACCO rakamira pakati. Kurudyi kwake kwaive nemufambisi weradar yemhepo neMAD system (SS-3) nemufambisi. Kurutivi rwekuruboshwe rweTACCO kwaive nembiri dzinonzi acoustic sensor station (SS-1 neSS-2).

Vafambisi vaivemo vaishanda uye vaidzora masisitimu echolocation. Kugona kwemutyairi-mu-kuraira kwendege (CPC) neTACCO zvakapindirana. TAKKO ndiye aive nemhosva yekosi yese nekuita kwebasa racho, uye ndiye akabvunza mutyairi gwara rekuita mumhepo. Mukuita, sarudzo dzakawanda dzehungwaru dzakaitwa neTACCO mushure mekubvunzana neCPT. Zvisinei, apo nyaya yekubhururuka kana kuchengetedzwa kwendege yakanga iri mungozi, basa romutyairi rakava guru uye akaita zvisarudzo, somuenzaniso, kugumisa basa racho. Kudivi renyeredzi, pakatarisana nezviteshi zvemushandisi, pakanga paine makabati ane zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Kuseri kwechikamu cheTACCO, padivi renyeredzi, kune acoustic buoys. Kumashure kwavo, pakati pepasi, kune buri-matatu, saizi yakaderera-yakadzika mazamu A buoy uye imwe saizi B buoy, muchimiro chechubhu inonamatira kubva pasi. .

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