Kunyora mafuta emota

chero anofarira mota anofanirwa kukwanisa kutsanangura iyo injini yekumaka pane chigadzirwa kurongedza, nekuti kiyi yekusimba uye yakagadzikana kushanda kweinjini yekupisa kwemukati iko kushandiswa kwemhando yepamusoro injini yemafuta, hunhu hwayo hunosangana nezvose zvinodiwa. mugadziri. Zvido zvakakomba zvakadaro zvinoiswa navo nekuda kwekuti mafuta anofanirwa kushanda munzvimbo yakakura yekupisa uye pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru.

Injini yemafuta yekumaka ine ruzivo rwese runodikanwa rwesarudzo chaiyo, iwe unongoda kukwanisa kuidudzira

kuitira kugadzirisa uye kurerutsa maitiro ekusarudza oiri yeimwe mhando yeinjini yekupisa mukati zvichienderana nehunhu hunodiwa uye mabasa akapihwa kwairi, akati wandei epasi rose mwero akagadzirwa. Vagadziri vemafuta epasi rose vanoshandisa zvinotevera zvinozivikanwa kupatsanura:

• SAE;
• MOTO;
• KUTI;
• ILSAC;
• GOST.

chero mhando yemafuta ekunyora ine nhoroondo yayo uye mugove wemusika, uchidudzira zvinoreva izvo zvinokutendera iwe kufamba mukusarudza kweinoda mafuta ekuzora.Chaizvoizvo, isu tinoshandisa mhando nhatu dzemhando - idzi API neACEA, zvakare, Chokwadi, GOST.

Kune maviri ekutanga makirasi emafuta emota, zvinoenderana nerudzi rweinjini yekupisa yemukati: peturu kana dhiziri, kunyangwe painewo mafuta epasirese. Iko kushandiswa kwakagadzirirwa kunogara kuchiratidzwa pane iyo label. Chero mafuta einjini dzinopisa mukati ane base inoumbwa (mineral mafuta), inova hwaro hwayo, uye zvimwe zvinowedzera. Nheyo yemafuta ekuzora ndiwo chidimbu chemafuta, chinowanikwa panguva yekuchenesa mafuta kana kugadzirwa. Nokudaro, maererano nemakemikari, akakamurwa kuva:

• chicherwa;
• semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa;
• synthetic.

Pachigaba, pamwe chete nezvimwe zviratidzo, kemikari inogara ichiratidzwa. compound.

Chii chinogona kunge chiri pane label yeoiri canister:

1. Viscosity giredhi SAE.
2. Specs API и KUTI.
3. Kushivirira vagadziri vemotokari.
4. Barcode.
5. Batch nhamba uye zuva rekugadzira.
6. Pseudo-labeling (kwete iyo inowanzozivikanwa yakajairwa kunyora, asi inoshandiswa senzira yekushambadzira, semuenzaniso, yakazara syntetic, HC, pamwe nekuwedzera kweakangwara mamorekuru, nezvimwewo).
7. Zvikamu zvakakosha zvemafuta emota.

kuitira kuti ikubatsire kutenga mafuta chaiwo anozonyatsoenderana nemota yako mukati memoto injini, isu tinotsanangura akanyanya kukosha einjini mamaki.

Kumaka kwemafuta einjini zvinoenderana neSAE

Hunhu hwakanyanya kukosha, hunoratidzwa mukumaka pachigaba - iyo viscosity index zvinoenderana neiyo SAE classification - chiyero chepasirese chinogadzirisa viscosity yemafuta pane plus uye minus tembiricha (muganho kukosha).

Zvinoenderana neiyo SAE chiyero, maoiri anosarudzwa mune XW-Y fomati, uko X uye Y dzimwe nhamba. First number - ichi chiratidzo chehushoma tembiricha iyo mafuta anowanzo kupomba kuburikidza nematashi, uye mukati memoto injini inoputika pasina kuoma. Vara W rinomirira izwi rechirungu rokuti Winter - winter.

Maitiro	0W	5W	10W	15W	20W	25W
cranking	-30 ° C	-25 ° C	-20 ° C	-15 ° C	-10 ° C	-5 ° C
Kupomba	-40 ° C	-35 ° C	-30 ° C	-25 ° C	-20 ° C	-15 ° C

Nhamba yechipiri conditionally zvinoreva hushoma uye hurefu hwakakosha hwemuganho wepamusoro-tembiricha viscosity yemafuta kana ichipisa kune tembiricha yekushandisa (+100…+150 ° С). Iyo yakakwirira kukosha kwenhamba, iyo yakakura kana ichipisa, uye zvinopesana.

5W - 30	kubva pa25 kusvika pakuwedzera pa20
5W - 40	kubva pa25 kusvika pakuwedzera pa35
10W - 30	kubva pa20 kusvika pakuwedzera pa30
10W - 40	kubva pa20 kusvika pakuwedzera pa35
15W - 30	kubva pa15 kusvika pakuwedzera pa35
15W - 40	kubva pa15 kusvika pakuwedzera pa45
20W - 40	kubva pa10 kusvika pakuwedzera pa45
20W - 50	kubva paminus 10 kusvika 45 zvichikwira
SAA 30	kubva pa0 kusvika ku45

Saka, mafuta anokamurwa kuva marudzi matatu zvichienderana ne viscosity:

• mafuta echando, ivo vane mvura yakawanda uye vanopa kutanga-kusingatambudzi kwejini inopisa mukati mumwaka unotonhora. Iyo SAE index yemafuta akadaro ichava netsamba "W" (semuenzaniso, 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, nezvimwewo). kuitira kuti unzwisise kukosha kwemuganhu, unoda kubvisa nhamba 35. Mumamiriro okunze anopisa, mafuta akadaro haakwanisi kupa firimu yekuzora uye kuchengetedza kudiwa kunodiwa muhurongwa hwemafuta nekuda kwekuti pakupisa kwepamusoro mvura yaro. zvakanyanyisa;
• mafuta ezhizha anoshandiswa kana avhareji tembiricha yezuva nezuva isiri yakaderera kupfuura 0 ° C, sezvo kinematic viscosity yayo yakakwirira zvakakwana kuitira kuti mukupisa kwemamiriro okunze fluidity haipfuuri kukosha kunodiwa kwekuzora kwakanaka kwemukati mejini injini. Pazasi-zero tembiricha, kutanga injini yekupisa yemukati ine yakakwira viscosity hazvigoneke. Mafuta ezhizha ezhizha anosarudzwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu husina mavara (semuenzaniso: 20, 30, 40, uye mberi; iyo yakakura nhamba, iyo yakakwirira viscosity). Kuwanda kwekuumbwa kunoyerwa mumacentistoke pa100 madhigirii (somuenzaniso, kukosha kwe20 kunoratidza muganhu we 8-9 centistokes pane inopisa injini inopisa ye100 ° C);
• mafuta akawanda iyo inonyanya kufarirwa, sezvo ivo vachikwanisa kushanda zvese pazasi-zero uye yakanaka tembiricha, kukosha kwemuganho kunoratidzwa mukudhirowa kweiyo SAE chiratidzo. Oiri iyi ine mbiri mbiri (muenzaniso: SAE 15W-40).

Paunenge uchisarudza viscosity yeoiri (kubva kune inotenderwa kushandiswa muinjini yekupisa yemotokari yako), unofanirwa kutungamirwa nemutemo unotevera: iyo yakakura mileage / yakakura injini, iyo yakakura-yekushisa viscosity ye. mafuta anofanira kuva.

Viscosity maitiro ndiyo yekutanga uye yakakosha chinhu chekuisa uye kunyora mazita emafuta emota, asi kwete chete - hazvina kunaka kusarudza mafuta chete ne viscosity. Nguva dzose zvakakosha kuti usarudze hukama hwakakodzera hwezvivakwa mafuta uye mamiriro ekushanda.

Mafuta ega ega, kuwedzera kune viscosity, ane seti yakasiyana yemaitiro ekuita (detergent, antioxidant properties, anti-wear, susceptibility kune akasiyana deposits, corrosiveness, nezvimwe). Vanokutendera kuti uone chiyero chinobvira chekushandisa kwavo.

API injini yekunyora mafuta

Muchikamu cheAPI, zviratidzo zvikuru ndezvi: rudzi rwejini inopisa mukati, injini yekushanda, maitiro ekuita kwemafuta, mamiriro ekushandiswa uye gore rekugadzira. Chiyero chinopa kupatsanurwa kwemafuta mumapoka maviri:

• Category "S" - inoratidza zvakagadzirirwa peturu injini;
• Category "C" - inoratidza chinangwa chemotokari dzedhiziri.

Nzira yekududzira sei API yekumaka?

Sezvatoonekwa kare, iyo API kudomwa inogona kutanga nebhii S kana C, iyo inozoratidza mhando yeinjini yekupisa mukati inogona kuzadzwa mukati, uye zvakare vara rimwe rezita rekirasi yemafuta, richiratidza mwero wekuita.

Zvinoenderana neiyo kupatsanurwa, iyo decoding yekumaka yemafuta emota inoitwa seinotevera:

• chidimbu EC, iyo inowanikwa pakarepo mushure me API, kumira kwemafuta anochengetedza simba;
• Nhamba dzechiRoman mushure mechidimbu ichi kutaura nezve hupfumi hwemafuta;
• tsamba S (Sevhisi) inoreva maapplication mafuta ekugadzira peturu;
• tsamba C (Commercial) vakasarudzwa mafuta einjini dzedhiziri;
• mushure meimwe yetsamba idzi inotevera danho rekuita rinoratidzwa nemavara kubva kuA (yepamusoro yakaderera) kuN uyezve (yakakwirira kurongeka kwearufabheti yebhii rechipiri mukududzwa, iyo yakakwirira yeboka remafuta);
• oiri yepasi rose ine mavara emapoka maviri kuburikidza neoblique line (semuenzaniso: API SL / CF);
• API yekumaka yeinjini dzedhiziri yakakamurwa kuita maviri-stroke (nhamba 2 pakupera) uye 4-sitiroko (nhamba 4).

Parizvino, chikamu che "S" chine makirasi gumi nematatu emafuta emotokari, mamwe ayo atove ekare, saka isu tichapa chete akakodzera:

Makore ekusuma	1980	1989	1994	1997	2001	2004	2010	2020
Gasoline Engine Oiri purogiramu	SF	SG	SH	SJ	SL	SM	SN	SP

Category "C" parizvino ine makirasi gumi nemana, hafu yacho isingashandiswe uye ikozvino unogona kuwana mamaki akadaro:

Gore rekupinda musimba	1983	1990	1994	1998	2004	2010
Diesel Engine Oiri purogiramu	CE	CF-4	CF, CF-2, CG-4	CH-4	CI-4	CJ-4

Idzo mota mafuta, izvo zvakapfuura API/SAE bvunzo uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zveazvino mhando mhando, anoratidzwa pamavara ane mufananidzo wakatenderera. Pamusoro pane kunyorwa - "API" (API Service), pakati ndiyo dhigirii ye viscosity maererano neSAE, pamwe chete nedhigirii inobvira yekuchengetedza simba.

Paunenge uchishandisa oiri zvinoenderana ne "yayo" chirevo, kupera uye njodzi yekuputsika kweinjini yekupisa inoderedzwa, "marara" emafuta anoderedzwa, kushandiswa kwemafuta kunoderedzwa, ruzha rwakaderedzwa, hunhu hwekutyaira hwekupisa kwemukati. injini inovandudzwa (kunyanya pakudzika kwakadzika), uye hupenyu hwebasa hwechigadzirisi uye kupera kwekuchenesa system inowedzera.

Zvikamu ACEA, GOST, ILSAC uye maitiro ekududzira zita

Kurongeka kwemafuta einjini zvinoenderana neACEA

Iyo ACEA kupatsanurwa kwakagadzirwa neSangano reEuropean Automobile Manufacturers. Inoratidza maitiro ekuita, zvinangwa uye chikamu chemafuta einjini. ACEA makirasi zvakare akakamurwa kuita dizeli uye peturu.

Iyo yazvino edition yechiyero inopa kupatsanurwa kwemafuta muzvikamu zvitatu uye gumi nemaviri makirasi:

• A / B - peturu uye dizeli injini motokari, vani, minibus (A1/B1-12, A3/B3-12, A3/B4-12, A5/B5-12);
• C - peturu uye dizeli injini ine catalytic converter kubudisa magasi (C1-12, C2-12, C3-12, C4-12);
• E - marori dizeli injini (E4-12, E6-12, E7-12, E9-12).

Mukudanwa kweACEA, kuwedzera kukirasi yemafuta einjini, gore rekupinda kwayo musimba, pamwe nenhamba yekudhindisa (apo izvo zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvakagadziridzwa) zvinoratidzwa. Mafuta epamba anosimbiswawo maererano neGOST.

Kusarudzwa kwemafuta emotokari maererano neGOST

Maererano neGOST 17479.1-85, mafuta emotokari akakamurwa kuva:

• kinematic viscosity makirasi;
• mapoka ekuita.

Ne kinematic viscosity mafuta akakamurwa muzvikamu zvinotevera:

• zhizha - 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24;
• chando - 3, 4, 5, 6;
• mwaka wose - 3/8, 4/6, 4/8, 4/10, 5/10, 5/12, 5/14, 6/10, 6/14, 6/16 (nhamba yekutanga inoratidza chando kirasi, yechipiri yezhizha).

Mumakirasi ose akanyorwa, iyo yakakura kukosha kwenhamba, iyo yakakura viscosity.

Nenzvimbo yekushandisa mafuta ose einjini akakamurwa kuva mapoka matanhatu - anosarudzwa kubva patsamba "A" kusvika "E".

Index "1" inoratidza mafuta akagadzirirwa injini dzepeturu, index "2" yeinjini dzedhiziri, uye mafuta asina index inoratidza kushanda kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana.

Kugadzika kwemafuta emota zvinoenderana ne ILSAC

ILSAC - mubatanidzwa wekugadzirwa kweJapan neAmerica, komiti yepasirese yekumisikidza uye kubvumidzwa kwemafuta edzimotokari yakapa 6 mota dzemafuta zviyero: ILSAC GF-1, ILSAC GF-2, ILSAC GF-3, ILSAC GF-4, ILSAC GF-5. uye Gf-6. Iwo akanyatsofanana nemakirasi eAPI, mutsauko chete ndewekuti maoiri anoenderana neiyo ILSAC classification anochengetedza simba uye ese-mamiriro ekunze. Izvi classification inonyatsokodzera mota dzeJapan.

Kunyorerana kwe ILSAC zvikamu zvine chekuita neAPI:

• GF-1 (chisina basa) - mafuta emhando zvinodiwa yakafanana neiyo API SH chikamu; ne viscosity SAE 0W-XX, 5W-XX, 10W-XX, apo XX-30, 40, 50,60.
• GF-2 - inosangana nezvinodiwa API SJ mafuta emhando, uye maererano ne viscosity SAE 0W-20, 5W-20.
• GF-3 - ndizvo analogue yeAPI SL chikamu uye yave ichishanda kubva 2001.
• ILSAC GF-4 uye GF-5 - zvichiteerana analogues SM uye SN.
• ILSAC GF-6 - inoenderana neiyo mitsva yekumira SP.

Mukuwedzera, mukati mechiyero ISLAC yemotokari dzeJapan dzine turbocharged dhiziri injini, kushandiswa zvakasiyana JASO DX-1 kirasi. Uku kumaka kwemaoiri emuchina kunopa injini dzemazuva ano dzemotokari nekuita kwepamusoro kwezvakatipoteredza uye maturbine akavakirwa-mukati.

Certification uye mvumo yevagadziri vemotokari

Iyo API uye ACEA kupatsanura inoisa zvishoma zvidiki zvinodiwa zvinobvumiranwa pakati pemafuta uye ekuwedzera vagadziri uye vagadziri vemotokari. Sezvo magadzirirwo einjini dzinopisa mukati memhando dzakasiyana dzakasiyana kubva kune mumwe, mamiriro ekushanda emafuta mavari haana kufanana. Vamwe vagadziri vakuru veICE vakagadzira yavo yemhando system mafuta emotokari, anonzi mapermitsizvo inozadzisa iyo ACEA classification system, ine injini dzayo dzekuyedza uye bvunzo dzemunda. Vagadziri veinjini vakaita seVW, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, Renault, BMW, GM, Porsche neFiat vanowanzo shandisa mvumo yavo pakusarudza mafuta einjini. Tsanangudzo dzinogara dziripo mumirayiridzo yekushanda kwemotokari, uye nhamba dzadzo dzinoiswa kumafuta ekuputira, padivi pekudanwa kwekirasi yayo yekuita.

Ngatifungei uye titsanangure zvinonyanya kufarirwa uye zvinowanzoshandiswa kushivirira zviripo mumazita emagaba emafuta emota.

VAG mvumo yemotokari dzinotakura vanhu

Volkswagen 500.00 - mafuta ekuchengetedza simba (SAE 5W-30, 10W-30, 5W-40, 10W-40, nezvimwewo); Volkswagen 501.01 - ese-mamiriro ekunze, akagadzirirwa kushandiswa mune akajairwa peturu ICEs akagadzirwa asati asvika 2000, uye VW 502.00 - kune turbocharged.

Kushivirira Volkswagen 503.00 inopa kuti oiri iyi ndeye peturu ICEs ine viscosity yeSAE 0W-30 uye ine yakawedzera kutsiva nguva (kusvika zviuru makumi matatu emakiromita), uye kana iyo exhaust system ine nzira nhatu inoshandura, ipapo oiri ine VW 30 mvumo. inodirwa muICE yemota yakadaro.

Kune Volkswagen, Audi uye Skoda mota dzine injini dzedhiziri, boka remafuta ane kushivirira rinopihwa. VW 505.00 yeICE TDI, rakabudiswa gore ra2000 risati rasvika; Volkswagen 505.01 Yakakurudzirwa ICE PDE ine unit injector.

Mafuta ekuchengetedza magetsi ane viscosity giredhi 0W-30 nemvumo Volkswagen 506.00 ine nguva yakawedzerwa yekutsiva (inosvika zviuru makumi matatu km yeICE V6 TDI, inosvika zviuru makumi mashanu km ye30-cylinder TDI). Yakakurudzirwa kushandiswa muchizvarwa chitsva dhiziri injini (mushure me4). Kune turbocharged yemukati inopisa injini uye PD-TDI unit injector, zvinokurudzirwa kuzadza mafuta nekushivirira. Volkswagen 506.01 kuva nenguva yakafanana yakawedzerwa yekudhonza.

Mvumo yemotokari dzemotokari dzeMercedes

Iyo Mercedes-Benz automaker inewo zvayo mvumo. Somuenzaniso, mafuta ane zita MB229.1 Yakagadzirirwa dizeli uye peturu ICE Mercedes yakagadzirwa kubvira 1997. Kushivirira MB229.31 yakapinda musimba gare gare uye inosangana nezvinodiwa SAE 0W-, SAE 5W- ine zvimwe zvinodiwa zvinodzikamisa zvirimo zvesarufa nephosphorus. MB229.5 oiri inochengetedza simba ine hupenyu hwakawedzerwa hwesevhisi kune ese injini dzedhiziri nepeturu.

Certification uye mvumo yevagadziri vemotokari

BMW injini yemafuta kushivirira

BMW Longlife 98 mvumo iyi ine mafuta emota anoitirwa kuzadza mukati meinjini yekupisa yemota dzakagadzirwa kubva 1998. Nguva yakawedzerwa yekutsiva sevhisi inopihwa. Inoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakakosha zveACEA A3/B3. Kune injini dzakagadzirwa pakupera kwa2001, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mafuta nemvumo BMW Longlife 01... Tsanangudzo BMW Longlife-01 FE inopa kushandiswa kwemafuta emotokari kana ichishanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. BMW Longlife 04 yakabvumidzwa kushandiswa mumainjini emazuva ano eBMW.

Mafuta einjini mvumo yeRenault

Kushivirira Renault RN0700 yakatangwa muna 2007 uye inosangana nezvinodiwa zvakakosha: ACEA A3/B4 kana ACEA A5/B5. Renault RN0710 inosangana nezvinodiwa zveACEA A3/B4, uye Renault RN 0720 neACEA C3 pamwe nesarudzo Renault. Mvumo RN0720 Yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa muchizvarwa chazvino chedhiziri ICEs ine particulate mafirita.

Mvumo yemotokari dzeFord

yakabvumidzwa SAE 5W-30 mafuta Ford WSS-M2C913-A, yakanangana nepuraimari uye sevhisi kutsiva. Mafuta aya anosangana neILSAC GF-2, ACEA A1-98 uye B1-98 kupatsanura uye zvimwe zvinodiwa neFord.

Mafuta nemvumo Ford M2C913-B yakagadzirirwa kuzadza kwekutanga kana kutsiva sevhisi mupeturu uye dizeli mukati meinjini dzinopisa. zvakare inosangana nezvose zvinodiwa zve ILSAC GF-2 uye GF-3, ACEA A1-98 uye B1-98.

Kushivirira Ford WSS-M2C913-D yakatangwa muna 2012, maoiri ane kushivirira uku anokurudzirwa kune ese maFord diesel ICEs, kunze kweFord Ka TDCi modhi dzakagadzirwa pamberi pe2009 uye ICEs dzakagadzirwa pakati pa2000 na2006. Inopa nguva yakawedzerwa yekudonha uye kuwedzera mafuta nebio-diesel kana high-sarufa mafuta.

mafuta anobvumirwa Ford WSS-M2C934-A inopa kuwedzera kweiyo nguva yekudonha uye inoitirwa kuzadza mota nedhiziri injini uye dhiziri particulate sefa (DPF). Mafuta anoenderana nezvinodiwa. Ford WSS-M2C948-B, yakavakirwa paACEA C2 kirasi (yepeturu uye dizeli injini ine catalytic converter). kushivirira uku kunoda mafuta ane viscosity ye5W-20 uye yakaderedzwa soot kuumbwa.

Paunenge uchisarudza oiri, iwe unofanirwa kuyeuka mashoma ekutanga mapoinzi - iyi ndiyo sarudzo chaiyo yeinodiwa makemikari kuumbwa (mvura yemaminerari, synthetics, semi-synthetics), iyo viscosity classification parameter, uye ziva zvinodiwa zvinodiwa seti yekuwedzera. (yakatemerwa muAPI uye ACEA zvikamu). iyo label inofanirawo kunge iine ruzivo rwemhando dzemuchina ichi chigadzirwa chakakodzera. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti utarise kune mamwe mazita einjini mafuta. Semuenzaniso, iyo Hurefu Hupenyu yekumaka inoratidza kuti mafuta akakodzera kumota dzine nguva yakawedzerwa sevhisi. zvakare pakati pezvinhu zvemamwe maumbirwo, munhu anogona kusiyanisa kuenderana neinjini dzinopisa mukati ine turbocharger, intercooler, kutonhora kwemagasi ekudzoreredza, kutonga kwezvikamu zvenguva uye kusimudza vharafu.