Piston kumaka
Zviri mukati
Piston kumaka inokubvumira kuti utonge kwete hukuru hwavo hwejometri chete, asiwo zvinhu zvekugadzira, tekinoroji yekugadzira, mvumo yekukwira inobvumidzwa, chiratidzo chemugadziri, nzira yekuisa, nezvimwe zvakawanda. Nekuda kwekuti mapistoni epamba neekunze ari kutengeswa, varidzi vemotokari dzimwe nguva vanosangana nedambudziko rekududzira mamwe mazita. Ichi chinyorwa chine huwandu hweruzivo rwunokutendera iwe kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mamaki papiston uye kuona kuti nhamba, mavara nemiseve zvinorevei.
1 - Chiratidzo chechiratidzo pasi pepiston inoburitswa. 2 -Serial nhamba yechigadzirwa. 3 - Iyo dhayamita inowedzerwa ne 0,5 mm, ndiko kuti, munyaya iyi iri piston yekugadzirisa. 4 - Kukosha kweiyo dhayamita yekunze yepiston, mumm. 5 - Kukosha kwekupisa gap. Muchiitiko ichi, yakaenzana ne 0,05 mm. 6 - Museve unoratidza kwainoiswa piston munzira yekufamba kwemotokari. 7 -Ruzivo rwehunyanzvi hwemugadziri (runodiwa paunenge uchigadzira injini dzinopisa dzemukati).
Ruzivo pamusoro pepiston
Nhaurirano pamusoro pezvinorehwa nemavara pamapistoni dzinofanirwa kutanga neruzivo rwunoiswa nemugadziri pachigadzirwa zvachose.
- Piston size. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, muzviratidzo zviri pasi pepiston, unogona kuwana nhamba dzinoratidza hukuru hwayo, dzinoratidzwa mumazana emamilimita. Muenzaniso ndeye 83.93. Iyi ruzivo inoreva kuti dhayamita haipfuure kukosha kwakatarwa, uchifunga nezve kushivirira (mapoka ekushivirira achakurukurwa pazasi, anosiyana kune akasiyana mabhureki emichina). Chiyero chinoitwa pakupisa kwe +20 ° С.
- Mounting gap. Rimwe zita rayo ndiro tembiricha (sezvo inogona kuchinja pamwe chete nekuchinja kwekutonga kwekushisa mukati mejini inopisa mukati). Iine zita - Sp. Inopiwa muzvikamu zviduku, kureva mamilimita. Semuenzaniso, kusarudzwa kwekumaka pane piston SP0.03 kunoratidza kuti kubvumirwa munyaya iyi kunofanira kuva 0,03 mm, tichifunga nezvemunda wekushivirira.
- Vanozivikanwa. Kana kuti chiratidzo. Vagadziri havangozvizivi ivo chete nenzira iyi, asi zvakare vanopa ruzivo kune masters nezvekuti ndeapi zvinyorwa (zvigadzirwa zvemabhuku) zvinofanirwa kushandiswa pakusarudza piston nyowani.
- Kuiswa nzira. Ruzivo urwu runopindura mubvunzo - museve uri papiston unongedzerei? Iye "anotaura" kuti piston inofanira kuiswa sei, kureva, museve unokwevera munzira yemotokari inoenda mberi. Pamichina umo injini yekupisa yemukati iri kumashure, panzvimbo yemuseve, inofananidzira crankshaft ine flywheel inowanzo ratidzwa.
- Kukandira nhamba. Idzi ndidzo nhamba uye mavara anoratidza schematically zviyero zvejometri zvepiston. Kazhinji, mazita akadai anogona kuwanikwa pamichina yeEurope iyo piston boka zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakambani akadai MAHLE, Kolbenschmidt, AE, Nural nevamwe. Mukururamisira, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kukanda iko zvino kunoshandiswa zvishoma uye zvishoma. Nekudaro, kana iwe uchida kuziva iyo piston kubva kune iyi ruzivo, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa bepa kana yemagetsi catalog yemumwe mugadziri.
Mukuwedzera kune aya mazita, kunewo mamwe, uye anogona kusiyana kubva kune mugadziri kune mugadziri.
Piston mark inowanikwa kupi?
Vatyairi vakawanda vanofarira mhinduro kumubvunzo wekuti pane piston markings. Izvo zvinoenderana nemamiriro maviri - zviyero zvemumwe mugadziri uye izvi kana izvo ruzivo nezve piston. Saka, iyo huru ruzivo inodhindwa pachikamu chayo chezasi ("mberi" parutivi), pane hubhu munzvimbo yegomba repiston yepini, pane uremu boss.
VAZ piston marking
Maererano nehuwandu, kucherechedzwa kwepiston yekugadzira kunonyanya kufarira varidzi kana masters mukugadzirisa mukati memoto injini dzeVAZ mota. mberi isu tichapa ruzivo pane akasiyana pistons.
VAZ 2110
Somuenzaniso, ngatitorei injini inopisa yemotokari yeVAZ-2110. Kazhinji kazhinji, mapiston akaiswa 1004015 anoshandiswa mune iyi modhi, chigadzirwa chinogadzirwa chaizvo paAvtoVAZ OJSC. Ruzivo rupfupi rwehunyanzvi:
- nominal piston dhayamita - 82,0 mm;
- piston dhayamita mushure mekugadzirisa kwekutanga - 82,4 mm;
- piston dhayamita mushure mechipiri kugadziriswa - 82,8 mm;
- kukwirira kwepiston - 65,9;
- kureba kwekumanikidza - 37,9 mm;
- iyo yakakurudzirwa clearance mucylinder ndeye 0,025 ... 0,045 mm.
iri pamutumbi wepiston kuti mamwe mashoko anogona kushandiswa. Semuyenzaniso:
- "21" uye "10" munzvimbo yegomba remunwe - kusarudzwa kwechigadzirwa chemuenzaniso (zvimwe zvingasarudzwa - "213" zvinoratidza injini inopisa VAZ 21213, uye semuenzaniso, "23" - VAZ 2123);
- "VAZ" pajasi mukati - zita remugadziri;
- mabhii nenhamba pane siketi mukati - yakananga dhizaini yemidziyo yekuwana (inogona kutsanangurwa uchishandisa zvinyorwa zvemugadziri, asi kazhinji ruzivo urwu haruna maturo);
- "AL34" pane siketi mukati - iyo yekukanda alloy.
Iwo makuru ekumaka zviratidzo akaiswa kune korona yepiston:
- Museve museve wekumisikidza unotaridza gwara rakananga kune camshaft drive. Pamusoro pezvinonzi "classic" VAZ mienzaniso, dzimwe nguva panzvimbo yemuseve unogona kuwana tsamba "P", zvinoreva "pamberi". Saizvozvowo, kumucheto uko tsamba inoratidzwa inofanira kutungamirirwa munzira yekufamba kwemotokari.
- Imwe yemavara anotevera ndiA, B, C, D, E. Aya ndiwo madhigirii ekirasi mabhii anoratidza kutsauka mumutengo weOD. Pazasi pane tafura ine hutsika chaihwo.
- Piston mass group markers. "G" - uremu hwemazuva ose, "+" - uremu hunowedzera ne5 gramu, "-" - uremu hwakaderedzwa ne5 gramu.
- Imwe yenhamba ndeye 1, 2, 3. Iyi ndiyo piston pin bore class marker uye inotsanangura kutsauka kwepiston pin bore diameter. Pamusoro peizvi, pane kodhi yemuvara yeiyi parameter. Saka, pende inoshandiswa kune mukati mezasi. Bhuruu ruvara - 1st kirasi, girini ruvara - 2nd kirasi, tsvuku ruvara - 3rd kirasi. rumwe ruzivo rwunopihwa.
Kune zvakare maviri akasiyana mazita eVAZ kugadzirisa pistons:
- katatu - yekutanga kugadzirisa (iyo dhayamita inowedzera ne 0,4 mm kubva kuhukuru hwezita);
- square - yechipiri kugadzirisa (dhayamita yakawedzera ne 0,8 mm kubva kuhukuru hwezita).
Ndokumbira utarise kuti kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemota (kusanganisira dzakasiyana ICE), kukosha kwemutsauko mukugadzirisa pistons kunofanirwa kutariswa mune referefeta ruzivo.
VAZ 21083
Imwe yakakurumbira "VAZ" piston ndeye 21083-1004015. Inogadzirwawo neAvtoVAZ. Yayo tekinoroji zviyero uye parameters:
- zita dhayamita - 82 mm;
- dhayamita mushure mekugadzirisa kwekutanga - 82,4 mm;
- dhayamita mushure mekugadzirisa kwechipiri - 82,8 mm;
- piston pini dhayamita - 22 mm.
Iine mazita akafanana neVAZ 2110-1004015. Ngatigarei zvishoma pakirasi yepiston maererano nehupamhi hwekunze uye kirasi yegomba repiston piston. Ruzivo rwakakodzera runopfupikiswa mumatafura.
Kunze kwedhayamita:
| Piston kirasi nekunze dhayamita | A | B | C | D | E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Piston dhayamita 82,0 (mm) | 81,965-81,975 | 81,975-81,985 | 81,985-81,995 | 81,995-82,005 | 82,005-82,015 |
| Piston dhayamita 82,4 (mm) | 82,365-82,375 | 82,375-82,385 | 82,385-82,395 | 82,395-82,405 | 82,405-82,415 |
| Piston dhayamita 82,8 (mm) | 82,765-82,775 | 82,775-82,785 | 82,785-82,795 | 82,795-82,805 | 82,805-82,815 |
Zvinofadza kuti piston mienzaniso VAZ 11194 uye VAZ 21126 inobudiswa chete mumakirasi matatu - A, B uye C. Muchiitiko ichi, danho rekukura rinoenderana ne0,01 mm.
Tafura yetsamba yepiston modhi uye ICE modhi (mhando) yemotokari dzeVAZ.
| Muenzaniso ICE VAZ | piston model | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2101 | 21011 | 2105 | 21213 | 2123 | 2108 | 21083 | 2110 | 2112 | 21124 | 21126 | 21128 | 11194 | |
| 2101 | |||||||||||||
| 21011 | |||||||||||||
| 2103 | |||||||||||||
| 2104 | |||||||||||||
| 2105 | |||||||||||||
| 2106 | |||||||||||||
| 21073 | |||||||||||||
| 2121 | |||||||||||||
| 21213 | |||||||||||||
| 21214 | |||||||||||||
| 2123 | |||||||||||||
| 2130 | |||||||||||||
| 2108 | |||||||||||||
| 21081 | |||||||||||||
| 21083 | |||||||||||||
| 2110 | |||||||||||||
| 2111 | |||||||||||||
| 21114 | |||||||||||||
| 11183 | |||||||||||||
| 2112 | |||||||||||||
| 21124 | |||||||||||||
| 21126 | |||||||||||||
| 21128 | |||||||||||||
| 11194 | |||||||||||||
Maburi episton:
| Piston yepini yakabereka kirasi | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Piston yegomba dhayamita(mm) | 21,982-21,986 | 21,986-21,990 | 21,990-21,994 |
ZMZ inomaka piston
Chimwe chikamu chevaridzi vemotokari vanofarira kumaka pistons vane ZMZ brand motors pavari. Vanoiswa pamotokari yeGAZ - Volga, Mhara, Sobol nevamwe. Funga nezvemazita anowanikwa pamakesi avo.
Zita rokuti "406" rinoreva kuti piston yakagadzirirwa kuiswa muZMZ-406 mukati mejini inopisa. Pane mazita maviri akadhindwa pazasi pepiston. Zvinoenderana netsamba yakashandiswa nependi, pabhuroki nyowani, piston inosvika pacylinder. Paunenge uchigadzirisa ne cylinder boring, zvibvumirano zvinodikanwa zvinoitwa mukuita kufinha uye kukudza kwepistoni yakatengwa kare nehukuru hunodiwa.
Nhamba yeRoma papiston inoratidza boka repiston rinodiwa. Iyo madhayamita emakomba ari mubhosi yepiston, iyo yekubatanidza tsvimbo musoro, pamwe nekunze kwemadhayamita episton yepini yakakamurwa kuita mapoka mana akaiswa pendi: I - chena, II - girini, III - yero, IV - tsvuku. Paminwe, nhamba yeboka inoratidzwawo nepende pamusoro pemukati kana pamagumo. Inofanira kufanana neboka rinoratidzwa papiston.
iri padanda rekubatanidza iyo nhamba yeboka inofanira kufanana yakanyorwa nependi. Muchiitiko ichi, nhamba yakataurwa inofanira kupindirana kana kuva pedyo nenhamba yeboka reminwe. Sarudzo iyi inovimbisa kuti pini yakadyiswa inofamba nekuedza kushoma mumusoro wetsvimbo yekubatanidza, asi haidonhe kubva mairi. Kusiyana nemapistoni eVAZ, apo kutungamira kunoratidzwa nemuseve, paZMZ pistons mugadziri anonyora zvakananga shoko rokuti "FRONT" kana kungoisa tsamba "P". Paunenge uchiunganidza, kuputika pamusoro wezasi wetsvimbo yekubatanidza kunofanira kufanana nechinyorwa ichi (iva parutivi rumwe chete).
Kune mapoka mashanu, ane nhanho ye 0,012 mm, iyo inoratidzwa nemavara A, B, C, D, D. Aya mapoka makuru anosarudzwa maererano nehupamhi hwekunze hwejasi. Zvinoenderana:
- A - 91,988 ... 92,000 mm;
- B - 92,000 ... 92,012 mm;
- B - 92,012...92,024 mm;
- G - 92,024...92,036 mm;
- D - 92,036 ... 92,048 mm.
Kukosha kweboka repiston kunodhindwa pasi payo. Saka, kune mana saizi mapoka akaiswa pendi pamabhosi episton:
- 1 - chena (22,0000 ... 21,9975 mm);
- 2 - girini (21,9975 ... 21,9950 mm);
- 3 - yero (21,9950 ... 21,9925 mm);
- 4 - tsvuku (21,9925 ... 21,9900 mm).
Mavara eboka reminwe anogona kuiswawo kukorona yepiston munhamba dzechiRoma, ine digit imwe neimwe ine ruvara rwakasiyana (I - chena, II - girini, III - yero, IV - tsvuku). Saizi mapoka emapistoni akasarudzwa uye piston piston anofanira kuenderana.
ZMZ-405 ICE yakaiswa paGAZ-3302 Gazelle Business uye GAZ-2752 Sobol. Iyo yakaverengerwa clearance pakati pepiston siketi uye humburumbira (yezvikamu zvitsva) inofanira kuva 0,024 ... 0,048 mm. Inotsanangurwa semusiyano pakati peiyo shoma humburumbira dhayamita uye yakanyanya piston siketi dhayamita. Kune mapoka mashanu, ane nhanho ye 0,012 mm, iyo inoratidzwa nemavara A, B, C, D, D. Aya mapoka makuru anosarudzwa maererano nehupamhi hwekunze hwejasi. Zvinoenderana:
- A - 95,488 ... 95,500 mm;
- B - 95,500 ... 95,512 mm;
- B - 95,512...95,524 mm;
- G - 95,524...95,536 mm;
- D - 95,536 ... 95,548 mm.
Kukosha kweboka repiston kunodhindwa pasi payo. Saka, kune mana saizi mapoka akaiswa pendi pamabhosi episton:
- 1 - chena (22,0000 ... 21,9975 mm);
- 2 - girini (21,9975 ... 21,9950 mm);
- 3 - yero (21,9950 ... 21,9925 mm);
- 4 - tsvuku (21,9925 ... 21,9900 mm).
Saka, kana iyo GAZ yemukati inopisa piston ine, somuenzaniso, tsamba B, zvino izvi zvinoreva kuti injini inopisa mukati yakave yakagadziridzwa kaviri.
MuZMZ 409, zvinenge zviyero zvose zvakafanana neZMZ 405, kunze kwekuremara (puddle), yakadzika kupfuura mu 405. Izvi zvinoitirwa kubhadhara kuenzana kwehuwandu, saizi h inowedzera papistons 409. Uyewo , kureba kwekumanikidza kwe409 ndeye 34 mm, uye ye405 - 38 mm.
Isu tinopa ruzivo rwakafanana rweiyo yemukati combustion injini brand ZMZ 402.
- A - 91,988 ... 92,000 mm;
- B - 92,000 ... 92,012 mm;
- B - 92,012...92,024 mm;
- G - 92,024...92,036 mm;
- D - 92,036 ... 92,048 mm.
Saizi mapoka:
"Sarudzo yakasarudzika" mabhii pamapistoni
- 1 - chena; 25,0000…24,9975 mm;
- 2 - girini; 24,9975…24,9950 mm;
- 3 - yero; 24,9950…24,9925 mm;
- 4 - tsvuku; 24,9925…24,9900 mm.
Ndapota cherechedza kuti kubva muna Gumiguru 2005 pane pistons 53, 523, 524 (yakaiswa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, pamhando dzakawanda dzeICE ZMZ), chidhindo che "Selective Selection" chakaiswa pazasi. Mapistoni akadaro anogadzirwa achishandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro, iyo inotsanangurwa zvakasiyana mune zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi kwavari.
| Piston brand ZMZ | Zita rakashandiswa | Mucherechedzo uripi | Nzira yekunyora tsamba |
|---|---|---|---|
| 53-1004015-22; "523.1004015"; "524.1004015"; "410.1004014". | Trademark ZMZ | Pahubhu pedyo negomba repiston | Casting |
| Piston modhi zita | Pahubhu pedyo negomba repiston | Casting | |
| "Pamberi" | Pahubhu pedyo negomba repiston | Casting | |
| Piston dhayamita inomaka A, B, C, D, D. | Pazasi pepiston | Etching | |
| Chitambi cheBTC | Pazasi pepiston | pendi | |
| Mucherechedzo wedhayamita yemunwe (chena, girini, yero) | Pahuremu padhi | pendi |
Ruzivo rwakafanana rwepiston 406.1004015:
| Piston brand ZMZ | Zita rakashandiswa | Mucherechedzo uripi | Nzira yekunyora tsamba |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4061004015; "405.1004015"; "4061.1004015"; "409.1004015". | Trademark ZMZ | Pahubhu pedyo negomba repiston | Casting |
| "Pamberi" | |||
| Muenzaniso "406, 405, 4061,409" (406-AP; 406-BR) | |||
| Piston dhayamita inomaka A, B, C, D, D | Pazasi pepiston | Shock | |
| Mucherechedzo wedhayamita yemunwe (chena, girini, yero, tsvuku) | Pahuremu padhi | pendi | |
| Kugadzira zvinhu "AK12MMgN" | Kutenderedza piston pini gomba | Casting | |
| Chitambi cheBTC | Pazasi pepiston | pickling |
Kumaka pistons "Toyota"
Mapistoni ari paToyota ICE anewo mazita awo uye saizi. Semuenzaniso, pamotokari yakakurumbira yeLand Cruiser, mapistoni anosarudzwa nemavara echiRungu A, B uye C, pamwe nenhamba kubva pa1 kusvika ku3. Saizvozvo, mabhii anoratidza ukuru hwegomba repini yepiston, uye nhamba. ratidza hukuru hwepistoni dhayamita munzvimbo ye "skirt". Iyo piston yekugadzirisa ine + 0,5 mm ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa dhayamita. Ndiko kuti, kugadzirisa, chete mazita emabhii anochinja.
Ndokumbira utarise kuti kana uchitenga piston yakashandiswa, unofanirwa kuyera gaka rekupisa pakati pepiston siketi uye cylinder wall. Inofanira kunge iri muhuwandu hwe0,04 ... 0,06 mm. Zvikasadaro, zvinodikanwa kuita kumwe kuongororwa kweinjini yekupisa uye, kana zvichidikanwa, ita kugadzirisa.
Pistons kubva kuMotordetal chirimwa
Michina mizhinji yemumba neyekunze inoshandisa mapistoni ekugadzirisa anogadzirwa munzvimbo dzekugadzira dzeKostroma piston boka inogadzira Motordetal-Kostroma. Kambani iyi inogadzira mapiston ane dhayamita 76 kusvika 150 mm. Parizvino, marudzi anotevera episton anogadzirwa:
- solid cast;
- ne thermostatic insert;
- nechinopinza chemhete yepamusoro;
- nemafuta ekutonhora mugero.
Mapistoni anogadzirwa pasi pezita rechiratidzo chakataurwa ane mazita awo. Muchiitiko ichi, ruzivo (kumaka) runogona kushandiswa nenzira mbiri - laser uye microimpact. Kutanga, ngatitarisei mienzaniso chaiyo yekumaka yakaitwa uchishandisa laser engraving:
- EAL - kutevedzera mirairo yehunyanzvi yemubatanidzwa wetsika;
- Yakagadzirwa muRussia - chiratidzo chakananga chenyika yakabva;
- 1 - boka nehuremu;
- H1 - boka nedhayamita;
- 20-0305A-1 - nhamba yechigadzirwa;
- K1 (mudenderedzwa) - chiratidzo chedhipatimendi rekudzora tekinoroji (QCD);
- 15.05.2016/XNUMX/XNUMX - chiratidzo chakananga chezuva rekugadzirwa kwepiston;
- Sp 0,2 - clearance pakati pepiston uye humburumbira (tembiricha).
Zvino ngatitarisei mazita anoshandiswa nerubatsiro rweinonzi micro-impact, tichishandisa mienzaniso chaiyo:
- 95,5 - saizi yakazara mudhayamita;
- B - boka nedhayamita;
- III - boka maererano nehupamhi hwemunwe;
- K (mudenderedzwa) - OTK chiratidzo (kudzora kwemhando);
- 26.04.2017/XNUMX/XNUMX - chiratidzo chakananga chezuva rekugadzirwa kwepiston.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kucherechedza pano kuti pakugadzirwa kwepiston dzakasiyana, akasiyana aluminium alloys ane alloying additives anoshandiswa. Zvisinei, ruzivo urwu haruna kuratidzwa zvakananga pamuviri wepiston, asi zvakanyorwa muzvinyorwa zvayo zvekugadzira.
