Mafuta emuchina. Nzira yekusarudza yakarurama?
Injini yemota yega yega inofanirwa kukwizwa. Nekudaro, magadzirirwo emadhizaini ekutyaira anosiyana zvakanyanya, izvo zvinomanikidza kuvandudzwa kwemafuta emhando dzakasiyana uye viscosity makirasi. Izvi zvakakosha kuyeuka kana uchitenga mafuta emota.
Iyo yakakura yemakamaka pane yekurongedza ne mafutaem ine nhamba uye vara W. Iyi ndiyo SAE viscosity giredhi inosiyanisa mafutae yechando (makirasi 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W) uye zhizha (20, 30, 40, 50, 60). Ikozvino yakagadzirwa mafutae-mamiriro ekunze, viscous mafutayechando mamiriro okunze uye yakakwirira tembiricha zvinhu mafutazhizha ndizvo. Chiratidzo chavo chine nhamba mbiri dzakaparadzaniswa netsamba W, somuenzaniso 5W-40. Mhedziso inoshanda inogona kutorwa kubva muchikamu uye notation: iyo diki nhamba isati yasvika vara W, iyo diki nhamba. mafuta inogona kushandiswa pane yakaderera ambient tembiricha. Iyo yakakwirira nhamba yechipiri, iyo yakakwirira ye ambient tembiricha inogona kunge iri iyo isingarasikirwe nezvinhu zvayo. About mafutakukosha kwechiyero cheiyo mineral ndeye 15 W, iyo ndeyeboka rinodhura mafutayezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, zita rekuti 0W rinowanzoshandiswa. Zvechokwadi, izvi hazvirevi izvozvo mafuta haina kunamira, zvakapesana. kusanyanya kunamira muchando mafutakutanga nyore, kuderera kunosakara
Onawo: Ungasarudza sei mafuta emota?
Vagadziri, vachigadzira masisitimu emota nerubrication system yavo, vanoita zvese zvese kuti vaone kuti zvikamu zvinodyidzana hazvibatane zvachose. Ichokwadi ndechokuti pakati pavo mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu panofanira kuva nehutete hwakatsetseka. mafutauri bhaisikopo mafutaitsva. Kunyangwe iyo layer mafutaune microscopic ukobvu, ndiye anoita kuti injini uye magiya arambe akasimba kusvika kumazana ezviuru zvemakiromita, kana zviuru zvemaawa ekushanda. Uyewo, nzira pasina lubrication (somuenzaniso, injini isina mafutau) vanoparadzwa mukati memasekonzi mashoma. Iyo michina iri pasi pekunetseka kwakanyanya kana ichipisa zvakanyanya. Vagadziri vanosarudza maparamendi emudziyo uye mafuta ekuzora kuitira kuti lubricant ive yemhando yepamusoro panguva yekushanda kwakanyanya.
Operating temperature
Nhamo, mafutaHaina kusarudzwa kuti ishandiswe mukupisa kwakanyanya, ivo vanonyanya kunamatira kana uchitanga mota, uye munguva yechando mamiriro ezvinhu aya anotonyanya kuoma. Musiyano unopfuura 100 madhigirii C wakakura kwazvo kumafuta emazuva ano. Mune tembiricha yepasi-zero, masekonzi gumi ekutanga mushure mekutanga, injini dzinoshanda dzinenge dzisina mafuta, uye mumaminetsi ekutanga (kusvikira dzadziya) dziri pasi pekupfeka kukuru. Kune rumwe rutivi, mu "inotonhora" gearboxes, kuchinja kwegiya kwakaoma, izvo zvingasatungamirira mukuputsika, asi zvinotambudza zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, kufamba kwemaitiro akanyoroveswa kunoda simba rakawanda, iro rinowedzera zvisina kufanira kushandiswa kwemafuta.
Mumamiriro edu ekunze, seyakanyanya kunaka mafuta10W-40 kirasi zvigadzirwa zvine mota. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti vanofanira kudururirwa injini imwe neimwe. Kune injini iyi mafuta kazhinji inosarudzwa nemugadziri wemotokari, zvichiratidza yakakurudzirwa viscosity uye makirasi emhando mugwaro rekuraira. Kuzivikanwa kwemasisitimu ekumisa-kutanga uye kurwira kudzikisa kabhoni kuburitsa kwaita kuti vagadziri vazhinji vataure mafutae kirasi 5W-30, iyo inokurumidza kugoverwa mukati meinjini uye ine kushoma hydraulic resistance. Mune mamwe mamodheru, akadai seToyota mahybrids, inokurudzirwa mafutae kirasi 0W-20, iyo inokwanisa kupa dziviriro kune inogara yakadzimwa simba unit. mafuta kirasi yakasiyana zvachose inofanira kuenda kune injini ine simba yemotokari yemitambo inoshandiswa kutyaira panjanji. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya, mafuta egiredhi akadai se15W-50 anoshanda nemazvo, achigadzira firimu rinodzivirira misodzi kunyangwe pakupisa kwakanyanya. mafutanyowani.
Kuenzanisa kwechigadzirwa kunogoneka kana tikashandisa zvikamu zvakakodzera. mafutaKunyangwe iyo viscosity yakafanana inogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya mumhando uye saka yakakodzera kukwirisa injini dzakasiyana. Hunhu hunotarwa neAmerican API classification kana European ACEA classification. Iyo API classification ndeye S yepeturu uye C yedhiziri. Makirasi emhando mafutaapa vakaiswa mabhii akatevedzana. mafutae einjini dzepeturu dzakamakwa kubva kuSA, kuburikidza neSB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH, SJ, SL, kune ichangoburwa SM uye SN, uye yeinjini dzedhiziri: CA, CB, CC, CD, CE, CF-4 , CG-4, CH-4, CI-4, CD II, CF-4 uye CJ-4.
