Mafuta einjini dzedhiziri

Oiri yeinjini dzedhiziri inosiyana kubva kune yakafanana zvinwiwa zvepeturu zvikamu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusiyana kwekushanda kwavo, pamwe chete nemamiriro ezvinhu ayo mafuta anofanira kushanda. kureva, injini yekupisa yedhiziri inoshanda patembiricha yakaderera, inoshandisa mafuta akaonda-mhepo musanganiswa, uye maitiro ekugadzira musanganiswa uye kupisa anoitika nekukurumidza. Nokudaro, mafuta edhiziri anofanira kunge ane humwe hunhu uye zvivakwa, zvatichataura nezvazvo munyaya ino.

Nzira yekusarudza dizeli injini mafuta

Usati waenderera kune maitiro emafuta, zvakakosha kugara muchidimbu pane mamiriro ayo anomanikidzwa kushanda. Chokutanga pane zvose, inofanira kuyeukwa kuti mafuta ari mudhiziri ICEs haapisi zvachose, achisiya huwandu hwesoti semugumisiro wekupisa. Uye kana mafuta edhiziri ari emhando yakashata uye ane sarufa yakawanda, saka zvigadzirwa zvinopisa zvinewo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya pamafuta.

Sezvo kudzvanywa kweinjini yedhiziri kwakakwira zvakanyanya, magasi ecrankcase anoumbwawo muhuwandu hukuru, uye kufefetedza kwakakodzera hakuwanzo kutarisana navo. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chakananga chekuti dizeli injini yemafuta inokura nekukurumidza, inorasikirwa nekudzivirira kwayo uye detergent zvimiro, uye zvakare oxidize.

Pane akati wandei ma parameter ayo mutyairi anofanira kufunga nezvawo pakusarudza lubricant. Kune vatatu vakadaro maitiro makuru einjini mafuta:

• mhando - izvo zvinodiwa zvinopereterwa muAPI / ACEA / ILSAC kupatsanura;
• viscosity - yakafanana neSAE standard;
• iyo nheyo yemafuta ine mineral, synthetic kana semi-synthetic.

Ruzivo rwakakodzera runoratidzwa pamafuta ekurongedza. Zvisinei, panguva imwecheteyo, muridzi wemotokari anofanira kuziva zvinodiwa neautomaker kuitira kuti asarudze mvura ine maparameter akakodzera.

Hunhu hwe dizeli injini mafuta

ipapo isu tichanyatsotarisisa iyo yakanyorwa parameters kuitira kuti anofarira mota atungamirirwe navo paanenge achitenga uye sarudza lubricant iyo inonyanya kukodzera iyo mukati memoto injini yemoto.

Hunhu hwemafuta

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, inotemerwa nepasi rose zviyero API, ACEA uye ILSAC. Kana iri yekutanga chiyero, zviratidzo "C" uye "S" zviratidzo zveinjini yekupisa mukati iyo lubricant inoitirwa. Saka, tsamba "C" zvinoreva kuti rakagadzirirwa injini dizeli. Uye kana "S" - ipapo peturu. Kune zvakare mhando yepasi rose yemafuta, inoratidzwa nechitupa seS / C. Sezvingatarisirwa, muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, isu tichave tichifarira mafuta kubva muchikamu chekutanga.

Pamusoro pekuratidza vhezheni yeinjini yekupisa yemukati, kune yakadzama decoding yekumaka. Kune injini dzedhiziri zvinotaridzika seizvi:

• mabhii CC anoratidza kwete chete "dizeli" chinangwa chemafuta, asiwo kuti injini dzinofanira kunge dziri mumhepo, kana nekuwedzera kwepakati;
• CD kana CE mafuta edhiziri akakwira anogadzirwa pamberi uye mushure me1983, zvichiteerana;
• CF-4 - yakagadzirirwa 4-stroke injini yakabudiswa mushure me1990;
• CG-4 - chizvarwa chitsva mafuta, nokuda kwezvikamu zvakagadzirwa mushure me1994;
• CD-11 kana CF-2 - yakagadzirirwa 2-stroke injini dzedhiziri.

Mukuwedzera, iwe unogona kuziva "dizeli" mafuta maererano neACEA yakatarwa:

• B1-96 - yakagadzirirwa mayuniti pasina turbocharging;
• B2-96 uye B3-96 - yakagadzirirwa zvikwata zvemotokari kana pasina turbocharging;
• E1-96, E2-96 uye E3-96 ndeyemarori ane injini dzekusimudzira.

Mafuta viscosity

Kureruka kwekupomba mafuta kuburikidza nematanho uye zvinhu zvehurongwa zvakananga zvinoenderana neiyo viscosity kukosha. Pamusoro pezvo, viscosity yeoiri inokanganisa chiyero chekupihwa kwayo kune yekukwesha inoshanda pairi muinjini yekupisa yemukati, iyo bhatiri yekuchaja kushandiswa, pamwe nekupikiswa kwemagetsi kwe crankshaft neanotangisa kana uchitanga mumamiriro ekutonhora. Saka, kune injini dzedhiziri, girisi ine viscosity index ye5W (kusvika -25 ° C), 10W (kusvika -20 ° C), kazhinji kazhinji 15W (kusvika -15 ° C) inowanzoshandiswa. Saizvozvo, iyo diki nhamba isati yasvika tsamba W, iyo shoma viscous iyo mafuta ichave.

Mafuta ekuchengetedza simba ane zvishoma viscosity. Vanogadzira firimu duku rekudzivirira pamusoro pesimbi, asi panguva imwechete kuchengetedza simba nemafuta ekugadzirwa kwayo. Zvisinei, mafuta aya anofanira kushandiswa chete nema ICE chaiwo (vanofanira kuva nemafuta maduku akamanikana).

Paunosarudza imwe kana imwe mafuta, iwe unofanirwa kugara uchifunga nezve nharaunda hunhu umo muchina unoshanda. kureva, tembiricha shoma muchando uye yakanyanya muzhizha. Kana mutsauko uyu wakakura, saka zviri nani kutenga mafuta maviri akasiyana - yechando uye zhizha, uye kutsiva iwo mwaka. Kana kusiyana kwekushisa kuri kuduku, saka unogona kushandisa "mwaka wose".

Kumajini edhiziri, mwaka wemamiriro ekunze hauna kufarirwa semainjini epeturu. Chikonzero cheizvi ndechekuti mune dzakawanda latitudes munyika yedu musiyano wekushisa wakakosha.

Kana injini yemoto yemukati ine matambudziko neboka re-cylinder-piston, compression, uye haina kutanga zvakanaka "inotonhora", saka zviri nani kutenga mafuta ejini dizeli neine viscosity yakaderera.

Hwaro hwemafuta einjini yedhiziri

Itsika zvakare kugovera mafuta mumhando zvichienderana nehwaro hwavo. Mhando nhatu dzemafuta dzinozivikanwa nhasi, iyo yakachipa yadzo ndeye mineral oil. Asi haiwanzo kushandiswa, kunze kwekunge mune ekare maICE, sezvo ekugadzira kana semi-synthetic ane hunhu hwakagadzikana.

Nekudaro, izvo zvikuru zvinhu zvinongori kutevedzera hunhu hwakaziviswa nemugadziri wemafuta neaya anodiwa neautomaker, pamwe chete. mafuta okutanga. Chinhu chechipiri hachina kukosha pane chekutanga, sezvo vazhinji vanotengesa mota parizvino vachitengesa fake isingaenderane neyakaziviswa maitiro.

Ndeipi iyo yakanyanya kunaka mafuta kune turbodiesel

Nzira yekushanda kweinjini ye turbocharged dhiziri yakasiyana neyenguva dzose. Chokutanga pane zvose, izvi zvinoratidzwa mukumhanya kukuru kwekutenderera kwe turbine (kupfuura 100 uye kunyange 200 zviuru zvekuchinja paminiti), nekuda kwekuti kutonhora kwejini inopisa mukati kunowedzera zvakanyanya (inogona kudarika + 270 ° C) , uye kupera kwayo kunowedzera. Naizvozvo, oiri yeinjini yedhiziri ine turbine inofanirwa kunge ine yakakwirira yekudzivirira uye inoshanda zvivakwa.

Mafungiro ekusarudza imwe kana imwe mhando yemafuta kune turbocharged dizeli injini inoramba yakafanana neyeyakajairwa. Chinhu chikuru munyaya iyi kutevedzera zvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri. Pane imwe pfungwa yekuti turbocharged dhiziri oiri inofanirwa kuve yakagadzirwa-yakavakirwa. Zvisinei, chaizvoizvo izvi hazvisizvo.

Ehe, "synthetics" ingave iri nani mhinduro, asi zvinokwanisika kuzadza mune ese "semi-synthetics" uye kunyange "mineral mvura", asi yekupedzisira sarudzo haingave yakanakisa sarudzo. Kunyange zvazvo mutengo waro uri muduku, ukapiwa mamiriro ekushanda, inoda kuchinjwa kakawanda, izvo zvichaguma nekuwedzera tsvina, uye zvichave zvakanyanya kuipa kudzivirira injini inopisa mukati.

Ngatinyorei ruzivo nezve izvo turbodiesel mafuta anokurudzirwa nevanozivikanwa vanogadzira. Saka, kune turbocharged injini dzedhiziri dzakagadzirwa mushure me2004 uye ine particulate sefa, zvinoenderana neACEA standard, inofanirwa kushandisa:

DELO dizeli injini mafuta

• Mitsubishi neMazda vanokurudzira mafuta eB1;
• Toyota (Lexus), Honda (Acura), Fiat, Citroen, Peugeot - B2 mafuta;
• Renault-Nissan - B3 uye B4 mafuta.

Vamwe vanogadzira auto vanokurudzira zvinotevera zvigadzirwa:

• Iyo Ford kambani yeturbo dizeli injini dzakagadzirwa muna 2004 uye gare gare ine particulate sefa inokurudzira M2C913C mhando yemafuta.
• Volkswagen (pamwe chete neSkoda neSeat, izvo zviri chikamu chekunetseka) kunyange inosarudza mhando yeVW 507 00 Castrol injini yemafuta einjini ye turbodiesel yekunetseka kwayo, iyo yakagadzirwa pamberi pe2004 uye ine chidimbu chesefa.
• Mumotokari dzakagadzirwa neGeneral Motors Corporation (Opel, Chevrolet nevamwe), turbocharged injini dzedhiziri mushure me2004 ine particulate sefa, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa Dexos 2 mafuta.
• Kune turbodiesel BMWs dzakagadzirwa 2004 asati asvika uye akashongedzerwa neine particulate sefa, iyo inokurudzirwa mafuta ndeye BMW Longlife-04.

Kusiyana, zvakakosha kutaura nezve TDI injini dzakaiswa paAudi. Vane mvumo inotevera:

• injini kusvika ku2000 yekusunungurwa - index VW505.01;
• mota 2000-2003 - 506.01;
• mayunitsi mushure me2004 ane index yemafuta ye507.00.

Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti turbocharged dhiziri injini inofanirwa kuzadzwa nemafuta emhando yepamusoro inosangana nezvinodiwa zvinoziviswa nemugadziri. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro ekushanda kwechikwata chinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Mukuwedzera, yeuka kuti motokari ine turbocharged inoda rwendo rwenguva nenguva nemutoro wakanaka, kuitira kuti turbine nemafuta mairi zvirege "kumira". Saka, usakanganwa kwete chete kushandisa "chaiyo" mafuta, asiwo kushandisa muchina nemazvo.

Mhando dzemafuta edhiziri mukati memoto injini

Vakakurumbira vepasi rose automaker vanokurudzira zvakananga kuti vatengi vashandise oiri yemamwe mabhureki (anowanzo gadzirwa navo). Semuyenzaniso:

Yakakurumbira mafuta ZIC XQ 5000

• Hyundai/Kia inokurudzira ZIC (XQ LS) mafuta.
• Ford yeICE Zetec inopa M2C 913 mafuta.
• MuICE Opel kusvika 2000, ACEA yakabvumira A3 / B3 mafuta. Mota mushure me2000 inogona kumhanya pamafuta akabvumidzwa GM-LL-B-025.
• BMW inokurudzira kushandiswa kwemafuta akatenderwa eCastrol kana oiri kubva kune yayo BMW Longlife brand. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune injini dzinopisa dzemukati, dzakashongedzerwa neinochinja-chinja mavharuvhu masisitimu.
• Iyo Mercedes-Benz inofunga nezveinjini dzedhiziri mushure me2004, yakashongedzerwa nefirita, inopa mafuta pasi peiyo brand ine index ye229.31 uye 229.51. Imwe yemhando yepamusoro yekushivirira kwemafuta einjini yedhiziri indekisi kubva pa504.00 kusvika 507. Mumarori edhiziri, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa oiri yakanyorwa CF-00.

uyezve tinopa ruzivo runoshanda nechiyero chemafuta akakurumbira einjini dzedhiziri. Pakuunganidza chiyero, maonero enyanzvi dzinoita tsvakurudzo yakakodzera akatorwa. i.e. yemafuta zviratidzo zvinotevera zvakakosha:

• kuvapo kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowedzera;
• yakaderedzwa phosphorus yemukati, iyo inovimbisa kupindirana kwakachengeteka kweiyo mvura ine exhaust gasi aftertreatment system;
• kudzivirirwa kwakanaka kubva kumararamiro ekuora;
• low hygroscopicity (mafuta haatore unyoro kubva mumhepo).

Paunosarudza imwe mhando, iva nechokwadi chekufunga zvinodiwa neautomaker yemota yako.

Ita	tsananguro	Viscosity	API/IYO	mutengo
ZIC XQ 5000 10W-40	Imwe yeakanakisa uye anonyanya kufarirwa mafuta edhiziri. Yakagadzirwa muSouth Korea. Inogona kushandiswa muICEs ine turbine. Yakakurudzirwa Mercedes-Benz, MAN, Volvo, Scania, Renault, MACK	10W-40	API CI-4; ACEA E6/E4. Ane mvumo inotevera: MB 228.5/228.51, MAN M 3477/3277 Yakaderedzwa Ash, MTU Type 3, VOLVO VDS-3, SCANIA LDF-2, Cummins 20076/77/72/71, Renault VI RXD, Mack EO-M+	$22 ye6 litre canister.
LIQUI MOLY 5W-30 TopTech-4600	Mafuta anozivikanwa uye asingadhuri kubva kune anozivikanwa mugadziri wechiGerman.	5W-30	ACEA C3; APISN/CF; MB kuburitswa 229.51; BMW Upenyu Hurefu 04; VW 502.00/505.00; Ford WSS-M2C 917A; dexos 2	$110 ye20 litre canister.
ADDINOL Diesel Longlife MD 1548 (SAE 15W-40)	Ndeyekirasi yemafuta akagadzirirwa kushanda neakaremerwa maICEs (Heavy Duty Engine Oil). Naizvozvo, inogona kushandiswa kwete chete mumotokari dzinotakura vanhu, asiwo mumarori.	15W-40	CI-4, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4 PLUS, SL; A3/B3, E3, E5, E7. Mvumo: MB 228.3, MB 229.1, Volvo VDS-3, Renault RLD-2, Global DHD-1, MACK EO-N, Allison C-4, VW 501 01, VW 505 00, ZF TE-ML 07C, Caterpillar ECF - 2, Caterpillar ECF-1-a, Deutz DQC III-10, MUNHU 3275-1	$125 ye20 litre canister.
Mobil Delvac MX 15W-40	Oiri yeBelgian iyi inoshandiswa kumota nemarori muEurope. Inosiyana mumhando yepamusoro.	15W-40	API CI-4/CH-4/SL/SJ; ACEA E7; MB Mvumo 228.3; Volvo VDS-3; MUNHU M3275-1; Renault Trucks RLD-2 nevamwe	$37 ye4 litre canister.
CHEVRON Delo 400 MGX 15W-40	Mafuta eAmerica emarori edhiziri nemotokari (Komatsu, Man, Chrysler, Volvo, Mitsubishi). Inogona kushandiswa mune turbocharged mukati combustion injini.	15W-40	API: CI-4, CH-4, CG-4, CF-4; ACEA: E4, E7. Mvumo yevagadziri: MB 228.51, Deutz DQC III-05, Renault RLD-2, Renault VI RXD, Volvo VDS-3, MACK EO-M Plus, Volvo VDS-2.	$15 ye3,8 litre canister.
Castrol Magnatec Nyanzvi 5w30	Mafuta anozivikanwa zvikuru. Nekudaro, ine yakaderera kinetic viscosity.	5W-30	ACEA A5/B5; API CF/SN; ILSAC GF4; Inosangana neFord WSS-M2C913-C/WSS-M2C913-D.	$44 ye4 litre canister.

Ivhareji mari inoratidzwa semitengo yezhizha ye2017 yeMoscow nenharaunda

Mutengo wemafuta edhiziri unoenderana nezvinhu zvina - rudzi rwechigadziko chayo (synthetic, semi-synthetic, mineral), vhoriyamu yemudziyo unotengeswa mvura, hunhu hunoenderana neSAE / API / ACEA zviyero uye zvimwe, pamwe nerudzi rwemugadziri. Isu tinokurudzira kuti utenge mafuta kubva paavhareji mutengo renji.

Musiyano pakati pedhiziri nemafuta enjini yepeturu

Zvinokonzera kukuvadza kumafuta

Sezvaunoziva, dizeli mukati memoto injini dzinobva pamusimboti wekumanikidza kupisa, uye kwete kubva pamoto (sepeturu). Mota dzakadaro dzinokwevera mumhepo, iyo inomanikidzwa mukati kusvika kune imwe nhanho. Musanganiswa unopisa muinjini dzedhiziri nekukurumidza kupfuura muinjini dzepeturu, izvo zvinoita kuti zvinyanye kuomera kuve nechokwadi chekushandisa kwemafuta, uye izvi, zvakare, zvinotungamira mukuumbwa kwesoti muhuwandu hwakawanda pane zvikamu.

Mukuona kweizvi, uye zvakare nekuda kwekudzvinyirirwa kwepamusoro mukati mekamuri, mafuta anokurumidza kurasikirwa nemaitiro ayo epakutanga, oxidizes uye anopera. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana uchishandisa yakaderera-mhando mafuta edhiziri, ayo akawanda kwazvo munyika yedu. Zvinechekuita neizvi musiyano mukuru pakati pemafuta edhiziri kubva kune analogues kune peturu injini - ine yakasimba antioxidant uye lubricating zvivakwa.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti chiyero chekuchembera kwemafuta chakanyanya kupfekwa dizeli mukati meinjini dzinopisa, izvo zvinoreva kuti dzinoda kunyatsotarisirwa.

Mugumisiro

Oiri yedhiziri yemukati inopisa injini ine yakagadzikana mashandiro uye maitiro ekushanda pane peturu zvikamu. Pakusarudza, unofanira tarisa kutevedza kwemafuta paramita zvinodiwa nemugadziri. Izvi zvinoshanda kune ese akajairwa dizeli injini uye turbocharged zvikamu.

Ngwarira manyepo. Tenga muzvitoro zvakavimbika.

edzawo kuwedzera mafuta pazviteshi zvepeturu. Kana mafuta edhiziri ane sulfuri yakawanda, ipapo mafuta achakundikana kare kare. kureva izvo zvinonzi nhamba yekutanga (TBN). Nehurombo, kune nyika dzepasi-Soviet pane dambudziko apo mafuta emhando yakaderera anotengeswa pazviteshi zvegesi. Saka, edza kuzadza mafuta neTBN = 9 ... 12, kazhinji kukosha uku kunoratidzwa pedyo neACEA standard.