Injini yemafuta nzara: chii ichocho
Chikamu chemagetsi chemotokari chimiro chakaoma umo zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanda zvakabatana: pistons, tsvimbo dzekubatanidza, crankshafts uye camshafts, mhete dzepiston, mavharuvhu ekupinza uye kupera, nezvimwewo Sezvauri kuona, zvikamu zvose izvi zvakagadzirwa nesimbi uye pa. panguva imwe chete kusangana nemumwe. Friction ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekukurumidza kupfeka kwavo. Asi, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwekuzora muchimiro chemafuta emotokari, injini inoshanda zvakavimbika, nepo mileage inogona kusvika 200, 300 uye kunyange 500 zviuru zvemakiromita.
Basa rinotarisirwa rinowira pane injini yekuzora system - kuve nechokwadi chekupihwa kwemafuta kune ese ejini zvinhu.
Iyi sisitimu ine zvikamu zvinotevera:
- mafuta pani - dura rekuzadza nekuchengetedza mafuta;
- pombi yemafuta - inokonzera kutenderera kwe lubricant;
- mafirita ane mutoro wekuchenesa kubva kune zvakapfekwa zvigadzirwa uye kuchengetwa kwavo;
- oiri redhiyeta;
- mitsetse uye migero yemafuta.
Saka, kana iwe ukatarisa chero chikamu, chakadai se crankshaft kana matanda ekubatanidza, tinoona maburi madiki mavari - maoiri ayo mafuta einjini anopinda nawo.
Asi nekufamba kwenguva, chero system inotanga kutadza uye injini inonzwa nzara yemafuta. Ichi chiitiko chine njodzi, chero mutyairi wemota anofanira kuziva zvikonzero zvaro, zviratidzo, mhedzisiro uye nzira dzekudzivirira.
Sei injini ichiona nzara yemafuta?
Pamusoro peVodi.su portal yedu, takatonyora zvakawanda pamusoro pekuyera chiyero chemafuta, pamusoro pemhando dzayo, pamusoro pehuwandu hwekushandisa, pamusoro pekukosha kwekutsiviwa nenguva kwemafuta emafuta uye sefa zvinhu. Vamwe vatyairi vanotenda kuti zvakakwana kuyera mwero mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega uye, kana ikadonha, wedzera kumusoro. Iyi sarudzo ine kodzero yehupenyu, asi chete kana iwe uchityaira zvishoma.
Kana munhu akashandisa mota yake zvizere, achityaira mazana emakiromita pazuva, saka tekinoroji yebhiza rake resimbi inoda kutariswa zvakanyanya. Muchidimbu, kunyangwe mitemo yemigwagwa inoti kana uchibva mugaraji, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti mota yako iri muhurongwa hwekushanda. Asi sezvo vatyairi vazhinji vachiregeredza uyu mutemo wakapfava, nzara yeoiri inogona kucherechedzwa pakati pezvimwe zvinokanganisa.
Zvikonzero zvayo zvikuru ndezvi:
- level madonhwe;
- kutsiva kusingatarisirwi - kana uchichinja mafuta, mafirita anofanira kuchinjwa;
- mafuta asina kukodzera kana akaderera;
- kuvhara kwepombi yemafuta kudzvinyirira kuderedza valve;
- piston mhete kupfeka;
- gungano remhando yakashata yeinjini mushure mekugadzirisa, kupfeka kana kuisirwa zvisina kunaka gaskets, senge cylinder head gaskets, nezvimwe.
Nei level iri kudonha? Pamwe pane mavuza pane imwe nzvimbo. Neraki, mota dzemazuvano dzakashongedzerwa neoiri level uye pressure sensor iyo inokuzivisa iwe kana iwe uchida kukwira kumusoro. Asi kana dambudziko racho rikadzoka kakawanda, zvine musoro kunetseka uye kuenda kunoongororwa.
Kusagadziriswa kusingatarisirwi kwemafuta uye mafirita kunotungamirira pakuzadzwa kwenzira dzekuyerera netsvina. Mukuwedzera, sefa yakavharwa inorasikirwa nehukuru. Zvakanaka, yakaderera-mhando kana isina kukodzera oiri inoshanduka kuita gobvu, ine makore zvinhu izvo zvisingape mafuta ekuzora ejini zvikamu zvakasangana. Izvi zvikonzero zvinosanganisira zvimwe: kuvhara vharafu kana kukurumidza kupera kwemhete.
Zviratidzo zvenzara
Mhando yezviratidzo yakakura kwazvo: kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwejinjini tembiricha, kudonha kwesimba, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwepeturu nemafuta, ruzha rwekunze. Zvekare, pamotokari dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzerwa neECU, iyo Cheki Engine ichakurumidza kuvhenekera pamberi pepaneru kana dambudziko rakakura.
Chiratidzo chakanyanya kujeka ndechekudonha kwekumanikidza muhurongwa. Nekuda kwesefa yakavharwa uye inogamuchira oiri, vhoriyamu diki yemafuta inopinda muhurongwa, iyo isingakwani kupinza zvikamu zvese. Simba reinjini rakaderedzwa nekuda kwekudonha kwekumanikidza. Chikonzero chiri nyore - zvindori zvemafuta zvinopera uye zvinoputika.
Eya, kugogodza kunonzwika kana zvinhu zvanyanya kushata. Chero chipi zvacho chinogona kunge chiri chitubu chayo: akatyoka camshaft makiyi, yekubatanidza tsvimbo kana crankshaft main bearings, yakawedzera clearance muvharuvhu meshini.
Iwe unogona kuona zviratidzo zvakananga nekubvisa chivharo chevhavha. Kana tikaona kupfeka kweiyo rocker mechanism uye camshaft, pamwe chete nezviratidzo zviri pamusoro (simba uye kudonha kwekumanikidza), tinogona kutaura zvakachengeteka kuti injini iri kuziya nenzara.
Migumisiro
Kana iwe uine injini yedhiziri ine turbine, saka imwe yemhedzisiro inogoneka ndeye turbine kukundikana. Yakabatana nei? Icho chokwadi ndechekuti turbine shaft inotenderera mune yakagadziridzwa modhi mu "oiri yekugezera". Ndiko kuti, lubricant inopiwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Kana iyo turbine ikatanga "kuchema", ipapo mamiriro acho anova asingachinjiki.
Fungidzira zvinoitika mucylinder block panguva yenzara. Zvindori zvepiston ndizvo zvekutanga kuona mhedzisiro, iyo inokwesha pamadziro ecylinder inenge yakaoma. Kuparadzwa kwepiston nemasilinda inyaya yenguva chete.
Asi kune mamwe matambudziko zvakare:
- kurovera kwecamshaft, kuputsika kwayo;
- mavharuvhu akakombama uye tsvimbo dzinobatanidza;
- crankshaft liner dzinotanga kutendeuka, kupera kwemajenari e crankshaft.
Chiratidzo chedambudziko rakakomba riri kuuya iutsi gobvu pfumbu hunobuda mumufuri. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mafuta akasara anotanga kupisa mujini.
Ngatitii pakarepo kuti matambudziko akadaro anogoneka chete nedambudziko rekushomeka kwemafuta. Kazhinji, Cheki Injini inotanga kuvheneka kana pasina yakakwana nezverita imwe yemafuta. Izvi zvinoreva, inenge 20-25 muzana yehuwandu hunodiwa. Mimwe mhedzisiro yakaipa haigone kuitika, asi mapistoni achave nenguva yakaoma. Gadzirira kugadzirisa kukuru: kukuya masilinda, kutenga seti yeP1 kana P2 pistons. Iwe zvakare uchafanirwa kutenga piston piston, zvinokwanisika kukuya crankshaft uye kushandura liner.
Chii chaungaita kuti udzivise migumisiro iyi? Mhinduro yacho iri nyore: kuyera chiyero kanenge kamwe pavhiki, zadza mafuta emhando yakakurudzirwa nemugadziri, uye pachiratidzo chekutanga chenzara, enda kune diagnostics.
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