McFREMM - Vanhu vekuAmerica vachagadzirisa chirongwa cheFFG (X).
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McFREMM - Vanhu vekuAmerica vachagadzirisa chirongwa cheFFG (X).

27.07.2022 /

McFREMM - Vanhu vekuAmerica vachagadzirisa chirongwa cheFFG (X).

Kuonekwa kweFFG(X) zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kweFREMM yeItaly frigate. Misiyano yacho inooneka zvakajeka uye inonyanya kuenderana nechimiro chepamusoro matinji e superstructures, pane matatu antennas eiyo AN / SPY-6 (V) 3 chiteshi akaisirwa, mast nyowani, yakafanana nedhizaini inozivikanwa kubva kuArleigh Burke. vaparadzi, roketi nezvombo zvepfuti, zvakaiswa.

Musi waApril 30, Dhipatimendi reDziviriro reUnited States rakapedza chibvumirano chepasi rose chekusarudzwa kwebhizimisi rekushanda iro richagadzira nekuvaka chizvarwa chitsva chemissile frigates, inozivikanwa seFFG (X), yeUnited States Navy. Chirongwa ichi, kusvika parizvino chakavharwa nekugadzirwa kwakawanda kweanotevera mavhezheni eArleigh Burke missile vaparadzi, chiri kuitwa nenzira isiri yeAmerica chaiyo. Sarudzo pachayo inokatyamadza, sezvo hwaro hwekugadzira remangwana FFG (X) papuratifomu ichave iyo yeItaly vhezheni yeEuropean multi-chinangwa frigate FREMM.

Sarudzo yeFFG (X), inotarisirwa muhafu yekutanga yegore rino, mhedzisiro yechirongwa chekuratidzira - kune chokwadi chanhasi. Tenda yebasa rekugadzira pachizvarwa chitsva chemissile frigate yakaziviswa neBazi reDziviriro munaNovember 7, 2017, uye muna Kukadzi 16, 2018, zvibvumirano zvakasainwa nevashanu vanyoreri. Mumwe nemumwe wavo akagamuchira mari inosvika zviuru makumi maviri nerimwe zvemadhora kuti agadzirire magwaro anodiwa kudzamara mutengi aita sarudzo yekupedzisira yepuratifomu. Nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvekushanda, pamwe nemari, maAmerican akasiya kuvandudzwa kwekuiswa kutsva. Vatori vechikamu vaifanira kuisa pfungwa dzavo pazvimiro zvaivepo.

McFREMM - Vanhu vekuAmerica vachagadzirisa chirongwa cheFFG (X).

Imwe dhizaini yeOld Continent mumakwikwi eFFG (X) papuratifomu yaive yeSpanish frigate Álvaro de Bazán, yakapihwa neGeneral Dynamics Bath Iron Works. Muchiitiko ichi, michina yakafanana yakashandiswa, iyo yaiva mhedzisiro yehurongwa hwekurwa hwakaiswa nemutengi.

Rondedzero yevanokwikwidza inosanganisira zvikwata zvinotevera:

    • Austal USA (mutungamiri, nzvimbo yezvikepe), General Dynamics (combat systems integrator, design agent), chikuva - purojekiti yakagadziridzwa yezvikepe zvakasiyana-siyana zveLCS Independence type;
    • Fincantieri Marinette Marine (mutungamiri, nzvimbo yezvikepe), Gibbs & Cox (design agent), Lockheed Martin (combat systems integrator), chikuva - FREMM-mhando frigate yakashandurwa kune zvinodiwa neAmerica;
    • General Dynamics Bath Iron Works (mutungamiri, nzvimbo yezvikepe), Raytheon (combat systems integrator), Navantia (project supplier), platform - Álvaro de Bazán-class frigate yakagadziridzwa kune zvinodiwa neAmerica;
    • Huntington Ingalls Industries (mutungamiri, nzvimbo yezvikepe), chikuva - yakagadziridzwa hombe patrol ngarava Legend;
    • Lockheed Martin (mutungamiri), Gibbs & Cox (design agent), Marinette Marine (shipyard), platform - yakagadziridzwa Freedom-class LCS multi-purpose ship.

Sezvineiwo, muna 2018, sarudzo yekushandisa yeGerman thyssenkrupp Marine Systems sepuratifomu yeMEKO A200 chirongwa, pamwe neBritish BAE Systems Type 26 (iyo panguva ino yakagamuchira maodha kuUK, Canada neAustralia) uye Iver Huitfield Odense. Maritime Technology nerutsigiro rwehurumende yeDenmark yakatariswa. .

Makwikwi muchirongwa cheFFG (X) akagadzira mamiriro anonakidza. Vashandi vechirongwa cheLCS (Lockheed Martin naFincantieri Marinette Marine) vachivaka Rusununguko uye musiyano wayo wekutengesa kunze kweMulti-Mission Surface Combatant yeSaudi Arabia (yava kunzi Saud kirasi) zvimwe zvakamira kumativi akatarisana ezvivhariso. Zvinogoneka kuti mamiriro aya - haafanire kubatsira mutengi - ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakonzera kubviswa kwechikwata cheLockheed Martin mumakwikwi, akaziviswa muna Chivabvu 28, 2019. Pamutemo, chikonzero chedanho iri ndechekuongorora zvinodiwa neDhipatimendi reDziviriro, izvo zvinogona kusangana neshanduro yakakura yezvikepe zveFree-class. Pasinei neizvi, Lockheed Martin haana kurasikirwa nechinzvimbo chayo semupi-mupi muchirongwa cheFFG (X), sezvo yakasarudzwa neUS Navy semupi wezvikamu kana masisitimu aifanira kupihwa nezvikamu zvitsva.

Pakupedzisira, nechisarudzo cheBazi reDziviriro muna Kubvumbi 30, 2020, kukunda kwakapihwa Fincantieri Marinette Marine. Nzvimbo yezvikepe muMarinette, Wisconsin, inotsigira Manitowoc Marine Group, yakatengwa kubva mairi nemugadziri wezvikepe wekuItaly Fincantieri muna 2009. Yakasaina kondirakiti yekutanga yemadhora mazana manomwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe neshanu muna Kubvumbi yekugadzira uye kuvaka prototype frigate, iyo FFG(X). Mukuwedzera, inosanganisira zvingasarudzwa zvezvimwe zvikamu zvipfumbamwe, kushandiswa kweiyo kuchawedzera kukosha kwechibvumirano ku $ 795,1 bhiriyoni. Basa rese, kusanganisira sarudzo, rinofanira kupedzwa muna Chivabvu 5,5. Kuvakwa kwechikepe chekutanga kunofanira kutanga muna Kubvumbi 2035, uye kutumirwa kwayo kwakarongerwa Kubvumbi 2022.

Kunyangwe mumwe wavo achizobatsirwa kubva panguva iyo makambani ekunze anobvumidzwa kutora chikamu, mutongo weDhipatimendi reDziviriro wakaita kunge usingatarisirwi. Munhoroondo yeUS Navy, kune mashoma mashoma ekushandiswa kwezvikepe zvakagadzirirwa kune dzimwe nyika, asi zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti uyu mumwe muenzaniso weUS-Italian maritime kubatana munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Muna 1991-1995, pamafekitori eLitton Avondale Industries muNew Orleans neIntermarine USA muSavannah, 12 Osprey composite vaparadzi vemigodhi vakavakwa maererano neprojekti yezvikamu zveItaly zverudzi rweLerici, yakagadzirwa neIntermarine shipyard muSarzana pedyo neLa Spezia. . Vakashanda kusvika 2007, zvino hafu yavo yakaraswa, uye vakatengeswa vari vaviri kuGreece, Egypt neRepublic of China.

Sezvineiwo, hapana kana masangano akarasika akasarudza kuisa chichemo kuUS Government Accountability Office (GAO). Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane mukana wakakura wekuti prototype yekuvaka chirongwa ichasangana. Maererano neruzivo kubva kune vanhu vanobatana neMunyori weNavy (SECNAV) Richard W. Spencer akadzimwa munaNovember 24, 2019, iyo prototype unit inofanira kunzi USS Agility uye ine tactical nhamba FFG 80. Zvisinei, tichafanira kumirira. kuti uwane ruzivo rwepamutemo panyaya iyi.

Mafrigate matsva eUS Navy

Kurongeka kwerudzi rutsva rwezvikepe zvekuperekedza kubva kuUS Navy mhedzisiro yeongororo yakaratidza kuti kuedza neakawanda-chinangwa reconfigurable ngarava LCS (Littoral Combat Ships) haina kunyanya kubudirira. Pakupedzisira, maererano nechisarudzo cheBazi reZviviriro, kuvaka kwavo kuchapedzwa pazvikamu makumi matatu nezviviri (32 zvemarudzi ose ari maviri), ayo achashanda 16 chete. Vanhu vokuAmerica vari kuramba vachifunga nezvokukurumidza kubviswa kwevana vokutanga (Rusununguko). , Independence, Fort Worth uye Coronado , "yakaderedzwa" kune basa rezvikamu zvakabatanidzwa mukutsvakurudza nekusimudzira) uye kuvapa kune vanobatana navo, semuenzaniso, kuburikidza nemaitiro ezvinyorwa zvekudzivirira zvakanyanya (EDA).

Chikonzero cheizvi chaive mashandiro akawanikwa, ayo akanyatsotaura kuti LCS yaisazokwanisa kuzvimiririra kuita misheni yehondo kana paine mhirizhonga yakazara (inotarisirwa, semuenzaniso, kuFar East), uye nhamba iri kukura. yeArleigh-Burke-class vaparadzi vachiri kuda kuwedzerwa. Sechikamu chechirongwa cheFFG (X), US Navy inoronga kuwana makumi maviri emhando itsva dzemafirita. Iwo maviri ekutanga achatengwa kuburikidza nemabhajeti eFY20-2020, uye kubva muna 2021, nzira yekubhadhara mari inofanirwa kubvumidza kuvakwa kwemayuniti akati wandei pagore. Zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwekutanga, hwakarongwa panguva yekuburitswa kwebhajeti regore ra2022, padanho rekutanga vanofanirwa kuendeswa (nenzira) kumabhesi ekumabvazuva nekumadokero kwemahombekombe eUnited States. Uye zvakare, anokwana maviri acho anofanirwa kuitirwa muJapan.

Basa guru reFFG (X) nderekuita mabasa akazvimiririra mumvura yegungwa uye yegungwa, pamwe chete nezviito muzvikwata zvenyika uye zvakabatana. Nechikonzero ichi, mabasa avo anosanganisira: kuchengetedza convoys, kurwisa pamusoro uye pasi pemvura zvinangwa, uye pakupedzisira, kugona kubvisa asymmetric kutyisidzira.

Frigates inofanirwa kuvhara mukaha pakati pezvidiki uye zvishoma zvishoma LCSs nevaparadzi. Vachatora nzvimbo yavo muchimiro chezvikepe mushure mezvikamu zvekupedzisira zvekirasi iyi - kirasi yaOliver Hazard Perry, iyo yakapedza basa ravo muUS Navy muna 2015. Zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti chirongwa chakanangwa chinosanganisira kurongeka kwezvikamu makumi maviri, asi gore rino rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zve 20. Zvichida izvi zvinoreva kuti mumakore anotevera Ministry of Defense ichazivisa tendero yechipiri yekusarudza mumwe mutengesi. mafrigates akasara epurojekiti itsva kana imwe kontrakta yezvikepe kune base Fincantieri/Gibbs & Cox project.

FREMM muAmerican style

Sarudzo yaApril yakasimudza mubvunzo wakakosha - iyo FFG (X) frigates ichataridzika sei? Nekuda kwemutemo wakavhurika wezviremera zveAmerica, kuburitsa zvine hungwaru mishumo pamusoro pezvirongwa zvechimanjemanje zvemauto, rumwe ruzivo rwunotozivikanwa kuruzhinji. Panyaya yezvikamu zvakatsanangurwa, gwaro rakakosha ishumo yeUS Congress yaMay 4, 2020.

Iyo FFG(X) frigates ichave yakavakirwa pamhinduro dzinoshandiswa mumutauro weItalian werudzi rweFRMM. Vachave nehurefu hwe 151,18 m, hupamhi hwemamita makumi maviri uye chinyorwa che 20 m. Kutamiswa kwese kwakatemwa pa7,31 tons (munyaya yeOH Perry type - 7400 tons). Izvi zvinoreva kuti achave akakura kudarika maprotoplast, anoyera mamita 4100 uye anobvisa matani 144,6 6700. Zvinoonekwa zvinoratidzawo kusavapo kwegirobhu rinovhara hull sonar antenna. Pamwe nekuti iwo main sonar masisitimu achadhonzwa. Iyo yekuvaka yeadd-ons ichavewo yakasiyana, iyo inobatanidzwa nekushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi uye masisitimu, kunyanya iyo main radar station.

Iyo dhiraivha system yemayuniti ichagadziriswa neCODLAG yemukati combustion system (yakasanganiswa dhiziri-magetsi uye gasi), iyo inobvumira kumhanya kwakanyanya kweanopfuura 26 knots kana gasi turbine uye ese emagetsi mota akabatidzwa. Muchiitiko chekushandisa mamiriro ehupfumi chete pamagetsi emagetsi, inofanira kunge inopfuura mafundo 16. The tactical advantage yeCODLAG system ndiyo yakaderera ruzha runogadzirwa paunenge uchityaira pamagetsi emagetsi, izvo zvichave zvakakosha pakutsvaga nekurwisana nemakungwa. . Kufamba kwechikepe pakumhanya kwehupfumi kwemafundo gumi nematanhatu kwakatemwa pa16 nautical mamaira pasina kuwedzera mafuta mugungwa.

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