Mechanical transmission yemotokari. Complete gwara kuti manual kutapurirana

Bhokisi regiya ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemotokari, izvo zvinokutendera kuti uchinje torque inopfuudzwa kubva mukati meinjini yekupisa kusvika kumavhiri. Kuvapo kwegiya bhokisi kunoita kuti zvikwanise kushandura kumhanya kwemotokari pamusoro pehupamhi kana uchishandisa rakatetepa renji yekumhanya kweinjini. Magiya akaderera anoderedza mutoro painjini yekupisa yemukati panguva yekutanga kumhanyisa, kutyaira kukwira, uye kutakura zvinhu. Iwo akakwira anokutendera iwe kukudziridza yakakosha kumhanya pakumhanya kwepakati peinjini yekupisa yemukati. Kuendesa simba kumavhiri zvakananga, pasina giya bhokisi, kwaizomanikidza ICE kuti ishande mune basa rinorema kwazvo, izvo zvaizoita kuti ive chinhu chinodyiwa.

Zvisinei nekukura kuri kuita mukurumbira otomatiki, mota dzekufambisa dzemaoko dzichiri kudiwa.

Iyo mechanics ine akati wandei mabhenefiti, nekuda kwekuti varidzi vemota dzine manyorero ekufambisa havakurumidze kushandura kumota dzine otomatiki gearbox.

Saka, chii chinogona kuverengerwa kune zvakanakira mechanics?

1. Zvechokwadi, chinhu chinokosha, uye chinowanzoita chisarudzo, mutengo wemotokari. Kazhinji, manyorerwo ekufambisa anodhura iyo automaker isingasviki maotomatiki, uye saka iyo imwechete modhi ine bhuku rekufambisa inodhura isingasviki seti yakakwana ine otomatiki kutapurirana.

2. Kana tichitaura nezvekushandiswa kwemafuta, saka kutumira kwemaoko kunoonekwa zvakanyanya hupfumi uye kunokubvumira kushandisa mari shoma pamafuta. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa nekuenzanisa maitiro ekushanda kwemhando ipi zvayo mune zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvingangodaro nekuda kwechikonzero ichi kuti vazhinji vekuEurope, avo vanozivikanwa kuti vakanaka kwazvo pakuverenga mari, vanosarudza kutenga mota dzine manyorero ekufambisa.

3. Mechanical transmissions haina kuomarara seayo otomatiki, uye saka zviri nyore uye zvakachipa kugadzirisa. Nekudaro, mamwe emazuva ano manyorerwo ekufambisa anonyatso kufananidzwa neotomatiki transmissions maererano nekuoma kwechigadzirwa uye mutengo wekugadzirisa.

4. Mechanics anoonekwa seakavimbika uye akasimba pane otomatiki. Izvi zvichida nekuda kwekuti kushanduka kwema mechanical transmissions kunonoka, matekinoroji uye magadzirirwo ekugadzirisa mazviri anowanzo mhanya-mukati uye nguva-yakaedzwa. Uye mumakina, mamwe matsva ehunyanzvi mhinduro haana kubudirira zvakanyanya uye anoderedza kunaka kwechikamu ichi.

5. Kana bhatiri yako yakafa, unogona kutanga motokari ine manual transmission kubva kune pusher nekushandura 2nd kana 3rd gear. Kune mota ine otomatiki transmission mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, iwe uchafanirwa kufonera tow rori.

6. Mechanics anogona kumira kudhonza mode pasina matambudziko. Asi iyo otomatiki transmission inogona kupisa uye kutadza, saka mota dzine otomatiki transmission dzinogona kungodhonzwa nekumhanya kusingasviki 30 km / h uye neashoma chinhambwe (kusvika 30 km), mushure mezvo unofanirwa kurega bhokisi richitonhorera. pasi. Mamwe maotomatiki ekufambisa kazhinji anosiya maitiro ekudhonza.

7. Manual transmission inokubvumira kubata zvirinani mamwe mamiriro ekutyaira akanyanya pachando, madhaka, nezvimwe.

Izvo zvinokanganisa zvikuru zvemakanika ndezvizvi.

1. Kutyaira motokari ine dhiraivha yemanyorero haina kugadzikana pane kutyaira otomatiki. Ichi pasina mubvunzo ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei vanhu vachisarudza mota dzine otomatiki hutachiwana.

2. Kudiwa kwekugara uchifambisa gear lever kunogona kunetesa, kunyanya mumigwagwa yemigwagwa kana nemagetsi akawanda emigwagwa munzira.

3. A manual transmission inotora hupo husina kusimba uye hunoda kugadziriswa nguva nenguva. Kusiyana nemakore apfuura, mumotokari dzemazuva ano, kutsiva clutch inzira ine basa, inowanzoda kubviswa kwebhokisi. Kune otomatiki transmissions, hapana clutch inodiwa zvachose.

Iwo magiya ari mugwaro rekufambisa anochinjirwa mumatanho, uye nekudaro mabhokisi emuchina anosiyaniswa nenhamba yematanho (giya). Kuzvitaura zviri nyore, nhanho imwe neimwe ine magiya ayo, ayo anopa imwe giya reshiyo.

Iwo aimbove akajairwa 4-kumhanya magiya mabhokisi haasati amboshandiswa, sezvo asingashande pakumhanya kupfuura 120 km / h. Iye zvino chiyero nhanho 5, zvishoma kazhinji 6. Kune mabhokisi umo mune matanho anopfuura matanhatu, asi vanhu vashomanana vanofarira kudiwa kwekugara vachishandura gear shift shift mudhorobha kutanga-stop mode, saka sarudzo dzakadaro hadziwanzoshandiswa. mumotokari dzinotakura vanhu.

Nemagadzirirwo maficha, maviri makuru emhando dzemakina magiya mabhokisi anogona kusiyaniswa - maviri-shaft, ayo akaisirwa pamberi-mavhiri dhiraivha mota uye matatu-shaft, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya neshure-vhiri dhiraivha.

Muchinyakare manyorerwo ekufambisa, kune maviri mashaft akarongwa mukufanana. Iyo yekutanga, inova zvakare inotungamira, inogamuchira kutenderera kubva mukati memoto injini kuburikidza ne clutch mechanism. Iyo inotyairwa inoendesa iyo yakashandurwa torque mberi kuburikidza nekutumira kune ekutyaira mavhiri.

Iwo magiya akaiswa pamashaft ese ari maviri maviri meshing. Panguva imwecheteyo, magiya haana kugadzikwa pane yechipiri shaft uye anogona kutenderera akasununguka, asi iwo akaomeswa akaiswa padhiraivha shaft.

Iyo synchronizer clutches yakaiswa pakati pemagiya eiyo inotyairwa shaft inotenderera neshaft, asi inogona kufamba ichitevedza splines pairi. Chinangwa chesynchronizer ndechekuvhara kutenderera kwemahara kweimwe giya uye nekudaro kubatanidza chaiyo giya.

Kudzvanya clutch pedal kunokanganisa kubatana pakati pegiya bhokisi rekuisa shaft uye yemukati combustion injini crankshaft. Iye zvino unogona kubatidza kutumira. Nekufambisa chibatiso, mutyairi anoita pane imwe yeforogo kuburikidza nedhiraivha dhiraivha, uye inoshandura clutch inoenderana uye inodzvanya synchronizer ichipokana negiya kuburikidza neinovharira mhete.

Synchronizer mhete magiya uye magiya anobatana. Iyo giya ikozvino yakavharwa pane inobuda shaft uye inogona kuendesa kutenderera kwairi kubva kune yekuisa shaft ine yakakodzera giya reshiyo. Zvose, giya rinodiwa rinobatanidzwa, rinosara chete kusunungura clutch pedal, uye torque ichaendeswa kumavhiri.

Iyo dhiraivha yekuchinja magiya mune maviri-shaft gearbox inowanzove kure. Kuti ubatanidze switch lever nebhokisi, tsvimbo kana tambo inoshandiswa.

Mune akawanda magadzirirwo, panzvimbo yeimwe yechipiri shaft, maviri mapfupi anoshandiswa, uye magiya anogoverwa pakati pavo. Izvi zvinokubvumira kuti uderedze zvakanyanya kukura kwebhokisi.

Mune matatu-shaft dhizaini, kutapurirana kwekutenderera kubva padhiraivha kuenda kune inofambiswa shaft hakuitike zvakananga, asi kuburikidza nepakati pepakati. Muchiitiko ichi, shaft inofambiswa inowanikwa pane imwechete axis seyokutanga, uye shaft yepakati inofanana.

Sezvakaita maviri-shaft dhizaini, magiya eiyo shaft inotyairwa haana kuomesesa yakamisikidzwa kwairi. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, ivo vanogara vachibatikana nemagiya epakati shaft. Zvikasadaro, musimboti wekushanda wakafanana neaviri-shaft manual transmission.

Kugonesa reverse giya, pane giya repakati rakaiswa pane imwe shaft. Nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwegiya repakati, kutenderera kweiyo shaft yekubuda kunodzoserwa.

Iyo gearshift dhizaini mune matatu-shaft dhizaini yakaiswa yakananga mukati mebhokisi. Inosanganisira lever uye slider nemaforogo.

Nzira yakanakisa yekudzivirira kuparara nguva isati yakwana mugiya bhokisi ndeyekuishandisa nemazvo.

1. Kuchinja kwegiya kunofanirwa kuitwa maererano nemirairo yemugadziri. Iri pamusoro pehushoma uye kumhanya kwepamusoro kunobvumirwa kune imwe nzira yekufambisa. Iwe unogona kufamba neiyo speedometer, tachometer kana ruzha rweinjini yekupisa yemukati.

2. Pakumhanya kwakaderera uye yakaderera injini kumhanya, usashandise magiya akakwira kupfuura yechipiri.

3. Basa rakakodzera neclutch haringoridzivirira kubva pakupfeka nekukurumidza, asiwo kudzivirira kukanganisa muzvikamu zvebhokisi. Dzvinyirira clutch nekukurumidza uye uisunungure zvishoma nezvishoma, asi kwete zvishoma nezvishoma. Dzvanya pedal kusvika kumagumo, kana zvisina kudaro, panguva yekubatanidzwa kweimwe giya, iwe unonzwa crunch ichibva pacheki. Izvi hazvifanirwe kubvumidzwa. Uye chero zvakadaro usakanda clutch pedal zvakanyanya.

4. Kana uchienda kumberi kunyangwe uchimhanya wakaderera, usatendera kukurumidza kukuru kana uchichinja uchienda kumashure. Motokari inofanira kusvika pakumira kwakazara, uye chete ipapo inogona kudzosera giya kuvhurwa. Kuregeredza uyu mutemo wakapfava kuchadzima reverse giya mushure mechinguva, uye ipapo uchafanirwa kugadzirisa bhokisi.

5. Dzivisa kushandura magiya paunenge uchipfuura nekona.

6. Bvisa tsika yekuchengeta ruoko rwako pane gear lever. Kunyangwe iyo inoita senge idiki kudzvanywa padhiraivha inoita kuti ikurumidze kupfeka forogo uye mabatanidzwa mubhokisi.

7. Edza kuzvidzora kana ukada dhiraivha yakapinza. "Schumacher" kuseri kwevhiri ndiye muvengi akaipisisa wegiya bhokisi rega rega.

8. Tarisa nhanho uye mamiriro emafuta mubhokisi regiya. Usakanganwa kuchinja munguva.

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvisina kunanga zvichaudza muridzi wemotokari kuti chimwe chinhu chingave chisina kumira zvakanaka nebhokisi.

Mamwe matambudziko anogona kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zvisiri zvakakomba uye zviri nyore kugadzirisa.

Noise kana vibration. Chokutanga pane zvose, ongorora kusungirirwa kwebhokisi - zvichida iwe unongoda kuomesa mabhoti. Kushaikwa kana kushata kwemhando yerubricant kuchaitawo kuti bhokisi riite ruzha, saka ongorora nhanho uye, kana zvichidikanwa, wedzera kumusoro kana kuitsiva nekutsvaira.

Oiri inobuda. Vanowanzo kubviswa nekutsiva glands uye zvisimbiso. Zvishoma zvakajairika ndeye crankcase chirema kana kuisirwa zvisina kunaka kwebhokisi uye zvinosanganisirwa zvikamu.

Kuchinja giya kwakaoma. Kutanga, ongorora iyo switching drive michina, iyo inowanzonzi. Inogona kunge iine hurema kana inongoda kugadziriswa uye kuomeswa kwemafasteners.

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kuratidza kuputsika kunoda kugadziriswa kwegiya bhokisi, kunyanya kana dambudziko rikaitika mune mamwe magiya uye risipo mune mamwe magiya.

Kuomerwa nekuchinja magiya, kuperekedzwa neruzha. Izvi zvinogoneka nekuvhara kusina kukwana, saka tanga waongorora kushanda kwayo. Kana zvese zvakarongeka ne clutch, saka dambudziko ringangove mune akapfekwa synchronizers anoda kutsiviwa.

Kuzvigadzirisa zvakare kweiyo inosanganisirwa kutapurirana. Mhosva dzinogona kunge dzakagadzika - gear shift fork, retainer, synchronizer clutch kana mhete yekuvhara. Chero zvazvingava, hapana kugadzirisa kunogona kuitwa.

Constant hum, squeal kana crunch. Chikonzero chinogona kunge chakatyoka mabhengi, akasakara kana akatyoka mazino egiya. Inodawo kuvandudzwa.

Vanofarira vane ruzivo rwakakwana, maturusi uye mamiriro ekushanda vanogona kuedza kugadzirisa gearbox ivo pachavo. Asi vatyairi vazhinji vangada kupa basa iri rakaoma kune nyanzvi dzebasa remotokari.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda zvinogona kunge zviri nyore, zvakachipa uye nekukurumidza kutenga uye kuisa iyo inonzi inonzi contract gearbox.

Kana ukafunga kugadzirisa bhokisi rako regiya, tarisa kuchitoro chepamhepo. Pano iwe unogona kusarudza izvo zvinodiwa kana kutenga bhokisi rakazara.