Misoro, mwenje, foglights - marudzi emagetsi emagetsi

Kuvhenekera kwemotokari kusanganiswa kwehuwandu hwekuvhenekesa uye magetsi ekuvhenekesa. Iwo anowanikwa kunze uye mukati memotokari uye ane zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Zvigadzirwa zvemukati zvinopa nyore uye nyaradzo kuburikidza nekuvhenekera kwemukati kana kuvhenekera kwenzvimbo yezvikamu zvaro, bhokisi regirovhosi, hunde, etc. Kana mukati memwenje usingamutsi mibvunzo yakakosha, saka zvakakosha kutaura nezvekunze kwemwenje zvigadziriso zvakadzama.

Pamberi pemuchina pane midziyo yepasi uye yakakwirira matanda, mwenje wenzvimbo uye zviratidzo zvinotungamira. Sezvo mutemo, zvishandiso izvi zvakabatanidzwa mune imwe yakasanganiswa mudziyo, iyo inonzi block headlight. Mumakore achangopfuura, iyi seti yakawedzerwawo nemwenje wemasikati, ayo ave anosungirwa munyika zhinji dzeEurope kubvira 2011.

Iyo fog rambi (PTF) inowanzoiswa sechinhu chakasiyana, asi inogona kunge iri chikamu chebhuroko remwenje. Magetsi emhute anobatidzwa panguva imwe chete nedanda rakanyikwa kana kuti panzvimbo paro. Front PTFs haisi yekumanikidza michina, uye mune dzimwe nyika inorambidzwa zvachose.

Low danda rinopa kuoneka mukati angangoita 50 ... 60 metres. Kutenda kune yakakosha dhizaini yemwenje, iyo yakanyudzwa danda ine asymmetrical, zvichireva kuti kurudyi kwemugwagwa uye bendekete zviri nani kuvhenekerwa. Izvi zvinodzivirira kupenya kwevatyairi vari kuuya.

MuUkraine, kuiswa kwematanda akaderera, zvisinei nenguva yezuva, kunosungirwa pakutakura zvinhu zvine njodzi kana boka revana, kudhonza uye pakufamba mukonikoni.

Danda guru rinodikanwa kuti zvive nani kuvhenekera kwemugwagwa usiku, kunyanya mumigwagwa yenyika. Simba symmetrical light danda, richiparadzira parallel kumugwagwa, rinokwanisa kupaza murima kusvika ku100 ... 150 metres, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange mberi. Iyo yakakwirira danda inogona kushandiswa chete kana pasina traffic iri kuuya. Kana mota ichionekwa munzira iri kuuya, unofanirwa kushandura kune yakaderera danda kuti usapofumadze mutyairi. Inofanira kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti mutyairi wemotokari inopfuura anogonawo kupofumadzwa kuburikidza negirazi rekuona shure.

Makombi emwenje anotendera iwe kuratidza hukuru hwemotokari.

Ivo vanowanzobatidzwa pamwe chete nebacklight ye dashboard uye chinhu chakakosha mukuona kuchengetedzwa kwemugwagwa murima. Mwenje yekumberi ichena, kumashure matsvuku.

Shandura masiginecha anozivisa vamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa nevanofamba netsoka nezve zvaunovavarira - tendeuka, shandura nzira, nezvimwewo. Masaini masaini ari mumashure, uye anodzokorora anowanzo kuiswa pamativi. Ese anoshanda synchronously mukupenya modhi. Rudzi rwezvinongedzo nderweyero (orenji).

Masikati ekumhanya mwenje (DRL) anovandudza kuoneka kwemotokari panguva yemasikati. Vanoburitsa chiedza chichena, vovaisa pasi pemwenje.

Pakutanga, DRLs dzaishandiswa muScandinavia, uko kunyange muzhizha chiedza chechiedza chinowanzove chisina kukwana. Iye zvino vatanga kushandiswa mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope, kunyange ikoko ivo vanonyanya kukosha munguva yechando-yechando. MuUkraine, vanofanirwa kuverengerwa kunze kwenzvimbo dzine vanhu kubva muna Gumiguru kusvika Kubvumbi pamwe chete. Kana pasina maDRL akajairwa, unofanirwa kushandisa matanda akaderera.

Izvo zvikamu zvikuru zvechiedza chepamusoro ndeye reflector (reflector) uye diffuser, pamwe chete nechiedza chechiedza (girobhu), inoiswa mune imwe imba, iyo inowanzogadzirwa nepurasitiki.

Chiratidziri chinoumba danda rechiedza. Iyo inowanzo gadzirwa nepurasitiki, uye iyo yegirazi pamusoro inowanikwa uchishandisa aluminium sputtering. Muchiitiko chakareruka, chiratidziro chiri parabola, asi mumagetsi emazuva ano, chimiro chakatonyanya kuoma.

Girazi rinoonekera kana purasitiki diffuser inobvumira mwenje kuti ipfuure uye mune dzimwe nguva ichidzora. Mukuwedzera, iyo diffuser inodzivirira mukati memusoro wemwenje kubva kune zvakatipoteredza pesvedzero.

Iyo asymmetry yepasi pasi inogona kuwanikwa nenzira mbiri. Mukugadzirwa kwemarambi emotokari dzakagadzirwa neAmerica, chitubu chemwenje chiripo.Zvinoitika kuti kuratidzira kubva kuratidziro kunoitika kunyanya kurudyi uye pasi.

Mumotokari dzeEurope, girobhu remwenje zvakare rakadzikiswa kubva pakatarisana neanoratidzira, asi kune zvakare yakanyatso kuumbwa skrini inovhara pasi peinoratidzira.

Kumashure kune zvishandiso zvekuvhenekesa zvinotevera:

• stop chiratidzo;

• marker light;

• turn indicator;

• reversing ramp;

• mwenje wemhute.

Kazhinji, zvishandiso izvi zvinogadzira block headlight iyo yakakosha mukugadzira. Yakaiswa kurudyi uye kuruboshwe symmetrically neruremekedzo kune longitudinal axis yemuchina. Izvo zvinoitika kuti chigadzirwa chacho chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri, chimwe chazvo chakavakwa mumuviri, uye chechipiri - muvharo yehunde.

Pamusoro pezvo, kune imwe yekuwedzera yepakati brake light uye nhamba plate yemwenje kumashure.

Rongedzo dzvuku rebhureki rinouya otomatiki mativi ese kana bhureki raiswa. Chinangwa chayo chiri pachena - kunyevera mutyairi wemotokari kubva kumashure nezve braking.

Mwenje weparutivi unovandudza kuoneka kwemotokari murima kubva kumashure uye unobvumidza kuti uongorore saizi yayo. Zviyero zvekumashure zvitsvuku, asi kusimba kwekupenya kwavo kwakadzikira pane kwemarambi emabhureki. Izvo zvinoitika kuti imwe mwenje ine mbiri filaments inoshandiswa pakukura uye bhureki chiedza.

Iyo yekumashure inotendeuka inopenya mukuwiriranisa neyekumberi uye zvakare iri yero kana orenji.

Iwo machena anodzosera mwenje anouya otomatiki kana reverse giya rabatidzwa. Natsiridza kuoneka kana uchidzokera kumashure murima uye yambira vamwe vatyairi nevanofamba netsoka nezvemaitiro ako.

Rambi refog rekumashure rinofanira kunge rakatsvuka. Kuvapo kwayo kumashure kunosungirwa, kusiyana nefoglight yekumberi. Husiku, mumamiriro akaderera ekuonekwa (mhute, chando), iyo yekumashure PTF ichaita kuti mota yako ionekwe kune avo vanokutevera. Mwenje wefog wekumashure unogona kugadzirwa semwenje wakaparadzana wakaiswa pazasi pemarambi makuru.

PTF kumashure inogona kunge iri muumwechete, mune iyo kesi kazhinji isingawanikwe pakati, asi padyo nedivi remutyairi.

Maraiti e-number plate anobatidza pamwe chete nemarambi ekumativi. Mwenje chena chete unogona kushandiswa kuvhenekera. Hapana kungoita tuning kunobvumidzwa pano.

Iyo yekuwedzera yepakati stoplight inoshanda synchronously pamwe nemakuru ekumira. Inogona kuvakwa mumuparadzi, kuiswa pachivharo chetrunk kana kuiswa pasi pehwindo rekumashure. Kumisikidzwa kweziso kunoita kuti brake light inodzokorora ionekwe kunyangwe pazvinhambwe zvipfupi, senge mu traffic jam. Ruvara runogara rutsvuku.

Mhute, huruva huru, kunaya kwemvura kana kunaya kwechando zvakanyanya kukanganisa kuoneka mumugwagwa uye zvinotungamira kudikanwa kwekudzikisa kumhanya. Kubatidza danda rakakwirira hakubatsiri. Chiedza chinoratidzwa kubva mumadonhwe madiki emwando chinogadzira rudzi rwechidzitiro chinopofumadza mutyairi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuonekwa kunobva kwaita zero. Zvishoma zviri nani mumamiriro aya akanyikwa danda.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kushandiswa kwemwenje yakakosha inogona kunge iri nzira yekubuda nayo. Nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwakakosha kwerambi remhute, mwenje wemwenje unoburitswa naro une hombe yakachinjika yekuparadzira angle - kusvika 60 ° uye nhete yakatwasuka - inenge 5 °. Magetsi emhute anowanzo kuwanikwa pazasi pemavhenekeri akanyudzwa, asi pakureba ingangoita 25 cm maererano nemugwagwa. Somugumisiro, chiedza chemwenje chemhute chinotungamirirwa, sezviri, pasi pemhute uye hachikonzeri kuitika kwekupofumadza nechiedza chakaratidzwa.

Rudzi rwemarambi efog emberi kazhinji ruchena, kunyangwe kushandiswa kweiyo inonzi yakasarudzika yero, iyo inowanikwa nekusefa bhuruu, bhuruu uye violet zvikamu kubva kuchena mwenje, inobvumidzwa. Yakasarudzwa yero haipe kuvandudzwa kunoonekwa mukuonekwa, asi zvishoma kunoderedza kushushikana kwemaziso.

Kunyangwe panguva yemasikati mwenje wemhute wepamberi usingapi kuvandudzwa kwakakosha mukuonekwa, anogona kutamba chinzvimbo chemarambi ekupaka, achivandudza kuoneka kwemota kune iri kuuya traffic.

Iyo yekumashure fog light, sezvataurwa pamusoro, inofanira kupenya mutsvuku. Pausiku hwakajeka, haigoni kubatidzwa, sezvo inogona kupofumadza mutyairi wemotokari anotevera shure.

Kune marudzi mana emagirobhu emwenje anogona kushandiswa semwenje masosi mumarambi emota uye zvimwe zvigadziriso zvemwenje:

- mwenje incandescent;

- halogen;

- xenon;

- LED.

Dzakajairwa dzine tungsten filament dzinoratidzwa nekushomeka kwekuita uye hupenyu hupfupi hwesevhisi, uye nekudaro dzave nenguva dzisisashandiswe mumidziyo yekuvhenekesa mota. Unogona kuvawana chete mumotokari dzekare.

ikozvino akajairika uye akaiswa pamotokari zhinji dzekugadzira. Pano, zvakare, tungsten filament inoshandiswa, iyo inopisa kusvika kune yakanyanya kupisa (inenge 3000 ° C), nekuda kwekuti iyo inopenya inopenya yakakwirira kwazvo kupfuura iyo yemwenje incandescent ine simba rimwechete rekushandisa.

MaHalogens ndiwo emakemikari eboka rechigumi nenomwe retafura yeperiodic, kunyanya fluorine, bromine uye iodine, iyo mhute inopombwa mugirobhu remwenje pasi pekumanikidzwa. Iyo flask yegirobhu yehalogen yakagadzirwa negirazi requartz rinodzivirira kupisa. Kuvepo kwegasi rebuffer kunonotsa kubuda kwemaatomu etungsten nekudaro kunorebesa hupenyu hwemwenje. Halogens anotora avhareji yemaawa angangoita 17 - akareba zvakapetwa katatu pane akajairwa incandescent bulbs.

Kuburitswa kwegasi inhanho inotevera yekuwedzera kushanda kwehunyanzvi hwekuvhenekesa mota. Mwenje weXenon unopenya zvakanyanya uye wakasimba kupfuura mwenje wehalogen. Mune girobhu rakazadzwa ne xenon gasi, arc yemagetsi inogadzirwa pakati pema electrode maviri, ayo anoshanda sechiedza sosi. Kupisa arc, kuputika nemhepo inenge 20 kV inoshandiswa kune yechitatu electrode. Kugamuchira high voltage voltage kunoda yakakosha yekubatidza unit.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti xenon marambi haagone kuiswa mune foglights, sezvo kutarisisa kwechiedza chemusoro kuchikanganiswa, iyo geometry yemwenje yemwenje inoshanduka uye mutsara wekucheka wakasvibiswa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo PTF haina kupa kuoneka mumamiriro ekunze akaoma, asi inokwanisa kupofumadza vatyairi vemotokari dzinouya uye dzinopfuura.

Verenga zvakawanda nezve xenon mwenje uye maficha ekushandisa kwavo mune yakakosha.

Mwenje emitting diode (LED) marambi ndiwo ari pedyo remangwana remwenje wemotokari. Imwe chete inogona kuiswa panzvimbo yehalogens iripo ikozvino. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, ma-LED-light bulbs akanga akakodzera kunyanya kuvhenekera kwemukati, chiedza chekamuri uye magetsi ekupaka. Zvisinei, ikozvino kune simba rakakwana mwenje ye LED inogona kushandiswa kune mwenje.

, iyo yakatanga kugadzirirwa kushandiswa kwe LED, haisati yava chinhu chikuru, asi chisingawanzoitiki mumotokari dzepakati-kati, tisingatauri mienzaniso inodhura.

Marambi e LED ane akawanda mabhenefiti pamusoro pehalogen uye xenon mwenje:

- kushandiswa kwemazuva ano ndeye 2 ... 3 nguva shoma;

- hupenyu hwebasa huri 15…30 nguva dzakakwirira;

- inenge pakarepo kuiswa, iyo inonyanya kukosha kune mabhureki magetsi;

- zvishoma kupisa;

- kusadzivirirwa kune vibration;

- kuchinjana nemarambi akawanda ehalogen;

- diki saizi;

- kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza.

Uye izvo zvisingabatsiri zve LED bulbs - iyo inodhura yakakwira, simba risina kukwana rematanda akakwirira uye kupofumadza maitiro - zvishoma nezvishoma kuva chinhu chekare.

Zvingaita sekuti hapana chinogona kudzivirira kutonga kwakazara uye kwekupedzisira kwe LED-mwenje magirobhu mumagetsi emagetsi mune ramangwana rinoonekwa. Nekudaro, kune kwatove kufambira mberi kwevatyairi vachishandisa laser tekinoroji uye organic light emitting diodes (OLED). Chii chichatevera kuitika? Mira uone.