Mechanical glossary

Idiki dudziro yeakanaka makanika

Wakambonzwa nezve silinda, mudziyo wekufema, flat-plate twin engine kana transmission chain? Kezako? Kana iyi iri yekutanga kuita kwako, saka chinyorwa ichi ndechako.

Bamba remabhasikoro pasina mubvunzo inzvimbo iyo mamechanic ane ruzivo rwakanyanya vanosangana uye vachichinjana ruzivo rwakavanzika nezve matumbu emudhudhudhu wavo mumutauro usingazivikanwe. Kune vanotanga kutsvaga kuzviitira nzvimbo diki uye kutamba handyman kudzidzira, inguva.

Chekutanga pane zvese, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa iwo ekutanga tekinoroji mazwi ane chekuita nemudhudhudhu mechanics. Iko hakuna chikonzero chekutaura kune mashiripiti formula kana kutenga bhuku "Mechanics for Dummies" kune izvi, iwe unoda zvakare nyore kutangazve.

Mudhudhudhu makanika duramazwi mune alfabheti

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - NO - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

А

ABS: Anti-lock braking system - Iyi sisitimu inodzivirira mavhiri kuvharika panguva yekubhureki nekudaro inodzora mudhudhudhu wako.

Прием: Yekutanga kutenderera kweinjini, panguva iyo mweya uye peturu zvinodhonzwa mucylinder mushure mekutsvaira kwakagadzirwa nekuita kwepiston.

Cylinder bore: Cylinder bore. Kugadzirisa kunokubvumira kugadzirisa chimiro chemasilinda, akagadzirwa oval, kuburikidza nekupfeka.

Kutonhodza zvimbi: Pamusoro pejini yakanyoroveswa nemhepo, masilinda akafukidzwa nemafins anowedzera thermal contact surface uye anopa zviri nani kupisa kupisa.

Galvanzie: Kuzvimba kwemhepo / peturu musanganiswa nekuda kwe spark plug iri muhumburumbira musoro.

Shock absorber: mudziyo wekumisikidza nekukushion kuvhundutsa uye kutenheka, uye kuita kuti vhiri rigare rakabatana nepasi. Izvi ndizvo zvinowanzoitika kune yekumashure kusimiswa chitubu / shock absorber musanganiswa.

Power gozvo: Chidhiraivho chinodzivirira chidhiraivho kuti chisapinde. Inowanzo kuisirwa seyakajairwa pamabhasiketi emitambo ane akaomarara mafuremu uye kumiswa.

camshaft: mudziyo wekushandisa uye kuwiriranisa kuvhurwa kwemavharuvhu.

Musoro camshaft (ACT): Architecture umo camshaft iri muhumburumbira musoro. Iyo inonziwo SOHC yeimwe kunze kwebhodhi camshaft. Iyo Dual Overhead Camshaft (DOHC) ine ACT inodzora mavharuvhu ekutora uye ACT inodzora mavharuvhu ekupedza.

Plate: Iri izwi rinoreva nzvimbo yakachinjika yemudhudhudhu. Muchina wakachekwa wakatwasuka unopa kudzikama kukuru, ukuwo reshiyo yekurenda mberi ichibvumira kukwira kwesportier.

Kuzvipisa: Chiitiko chisina kujairika che spark ignition engine cycle (2 kana 4 kurohwa) panguva iyo kubatidza kunoitika nekuda kwekunyanya kupisa panguva yekumanikidzana kana kupisa nzvimbo (eg calamine).

Б

Scan: Chikamu chekutenderera kweinjini panguva iyo magasi matsva anoburitsa magasi eflue mumagasi ekuburitsa. Nguva refu yekuongorora inofarira yakakwirira rpms, asi inoguma nekurasikirwa kwetorque pazasi pedenderedzwa.

Tread: Pakati petairi rabha inotarisana zvakananga nemugwagwa. Iri pamutsara uyu kuti zvivezwa zvekubvisa mvura uye zviratidzo zvekupfeka zvinowanikwa.

Maviri-cylinder: Injini inoumbwa nemasilinda maviri, ayo akawanda ezvivakwa aripo. Iwo maviri-cylinder inosiyaniswa ne "character" uye kuwanikwa kune yakaderera kusvika pakati revs, asi kazhinji inoshaya kuchinjika.

Kubatanidza tsvimbo: chidimbu chine majoini maviri anobatanidza mapistoni kune crankshaft. Izvi zvinobvumira iyo yakananga kumashure uye kumberi pistons kuti ishandurwe kuita inoenderera inotenderera inofamba ye crankshaft.

Bushel: Painjini dze carburetor. Iyi cylindrical kana flat part (guillotine), inodzorwa netambo yegesi, inosarudza mafambiro emhepo kuburikidza ne carburetor.

Dzomoto chivhariso: Chinhu chemagetsi chinobatidza mhepo / peturu musanganiswa mukamuri yekupisa yeinjini yekudzima. Haisi kuwanikwa pane compression ignition injini (Diesel).

Wetsiva: mapiston ejini yebhokisi anofamba semabhokisi ari mumhete kana imwe ichienda kumberi uye imwe kumashure, zvekuti pmh yeimwe inoenderana nepmb yeimwe. Matanda maviri ekubatanidza ari pane imwechete crank arm. Saka nekona yemota, isu tine 180-degree set. Asi nhasi isu hatichaite yakawandisa iyi nuance uye kutaura nezve tsiva kunyangwe kuBMW.

Oscillating ruoko: iyo chikamu cheiyo yakatsanangurwa furemu inopa iyo yekumashure kumiswa mukuwedzera kune chitubu / damper musanganiswa. Ichi chikamu chinogona kuve neruoko (mono ruoko) kana maoko maviri anobatanidza vhiri rekumashure kune furemu.

Jekiseni nozzle: Nozzle igomba rakagadziriswa iro rinoyerera peturu, oiri, kana mhepo.

Mira: Chikamu chekudzikamisa huwandu hwekufamba kwechimwe chinhu chemuchina.

С

Chimiro: Aya ndiwo marangwanda emudhudhudhu. Iyo furemu inobvumira kubatana pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuchina. Iyo cradle frame ine chubhu inobatanidza ruoko runozunguza kune mbiru yekudzora, inonzi kaviri mubhedha kana yakatsemurwa pasi peinjini. Iyo tubular mesh inoumbwa nemachubhu akati wandei anoumba matriangles uye anopa kusimba kwakanyanya. A perimeter furemu inotenderedza injini neaviri asingawanzo. Iyo danda furemu inongori nechubhu hombe inobatanidza ruoko rwekuzunguza uye mbiru yekutungamirira. Chekupedzisira, iyo yakavhurika furemu, inonyanya kushandiswa pane scooter, haina yepamusoro chubhu.

Calamine: Iyi ndiyo kabhoni inosara yakaiswa pamusoro pepiston uye mukamuri yekupisa yeinjini.

Carburetor: Nhengo iyi inogadzira musanganiswa wemhepo nepeturu zvinoenderana nehupfumi chaihwo kuti ive nechokwadi chekupisa. Pamidhudhudhu ichangoburwa, simba rinouya kubva kumajekiseni masisitimu.

Gimbal: Iyo yakatsanangurwa yekufambisa sisitimu inobatanidza mashaft maviri kana maekisi asina kuenzana kuti ipe torque kutapurirana panguva yekumisa kufamba.

Housing: Imba ndiyo chikamu chekunze chinodzivirira mechanical element uye inobatanidza zvikamu zvinofamba zvejini. Inosanganisirawo zvinhu zvekuzora zvinodiwa kuti nhengo ishande. Hull inonzi inenge yakaoma kana mafuta ekuzora aparadzaniswa nebhuroko reinjini.

Distribution cheni: Cheni iyi (kana bhandi) inobatanidza crankshaft kune camshafts, iyo inobva yashandisa mavharuvhu.

Chinjana chekufambisa: Iri ketani, kazhinji i-o-ring, inotamisa simba kubva kune kutapurirana kune vhiri rekumashure. Izvi zvinoda kuchengetedzwa kwakawanda kupfuura mamwe masisitimu ekutapurirana, kusanganisira iyo gimbal kana bhandi, ine yakakurudzirwa lubrication ega ega 500 km.

Inner chubhu: Rubber flange inochengeta mweya pakati pemupendero nevhiri. Matayi mazhinji emudhudhudhu nhasi anonzi matai asina chubhu uye haachadi chubhu yemukati. Kune rumwe rutivi, ivo varipo zvikuru muXC uye Enduro.

Imba yekupisa: nzvimbo iri pakati pepamusoro pepiston uye musoro wecylinder uko musanganiswa wemhepo / peturu unopinda mukupisa.

Kuvhima: chinhambwe, mumm, kupatsanura kukwidziridzwa kwekoramu yekutungamirira kubva pasi uye kureba kwakamira kuburikidza neaxle yevhiri remberi. Kana iwe uchivhima zvakanyanya, bhasikoro rinonyanya kugadzikana, asi iro risingafambike zvishoma.

Mahosi: Powertrains inobatanidza simba rebhiza kune injini simba (CH). Inogonawo kuratidzwa mu kW, maererano nekuverenga mutemo 1 kW = 1341 horsepower (horsepower) kana 1 kW = 1 15962 horsepower (metric steam bhiza), kwete kuvhiringika nesimba remari yeinjini inoshandiswa kuverenga mutero wekunyoresa mota. mari inoratidzwa muTax Horses (CV).

Kudzvinyirira (injini): Chikamu chekutenderera kweinjini uko musanganiswa wemhepo nepeturu unotsikirirwa nepiston kufambisa kupisa.

Kudzvinyirira (suspension): Iri izwi rinoreva kudzvanya kunyorovesa mhedzisiro yekumiswa.

Traction control system: Kutyaira rubatsiro sisitimu inodzivirira kurasikirwa kwekudhonza kana paine kukwirisa zvakanyanya. Mumwe nemumwe anogadzira akagadzira tekinoroji yake, uye mazita akati wandei maDTC eDucati neBMW, ATC yeAprilia kana S-KTRC yeKawasaki.

Torque: Kuyera simba rinotenderera mumamita pakirogiramu (μg) kana deca Newton (Nm) uchishandisa fomula 1μg = Nm / 0 981. Wedzera torque mu μg neRPM uye woparadzanisa ne716 kuti uwane simba.

Bhandi: Bhandi rinoita basa rakafanana neketani yekutumira, asi ine hupenyu hurefu uye inoda zvishoma kugadzirisa.

Race (injini): Iri ndiro nhambwe inofambwa nepiston pakati penzvimbo dzakakwirira nedzakaderera dzakafa.

Race (kumiswa): Rudzi rwakafa zvinoreva kunyura kukosha kwekumisikidzwa mushure mekunge mudhudhudhu waiswa pamavhiri. Izvi zvinokubvumira kuti urambe uchitarisana nemugwagwa panguva yekuendesa mutoro.

Rwendo rune mubairo zvinoreva kufamba kunowanikwa mushure mekunge mujaho wafa uye kunyura kwemutyairi kwabviswa.

Kupindirana: Inoreva nguva yekuvhura panguva imwe chete yekupinza uye kupera simba mavharuvhu.

Cylinder head: Musoro wecylinder ndiye pamusoro pehumburumbira uko kudzvanywa uye kupisa kunoitika. Pamusoro peinjini ye4-stroke, magetsi ayo (maburi), akavharwa nemavharuvhu, anobvumira kuyerera kwemhepo-petroli musanganiswa uye kubuda kwemagasi eflue.

Rocker: inobatanidza camshaft kune mavharuvhu kuti ivhure.

Tangi rekuchengetedza: Chikamu checarburetor chine mafuta anochengeterwa

Silinda: Ichi ndicho chinhu cheinjini umo piston inofamba. Gomba rayo uye sitiroko zvinokutendera kuti uone kugadzirisa kwayo.

Cylinder offset: yakatemerwa necylinder bore uye piston sitiroko, offset inoenderana nevhoriyamu yakabviswa nepiston chiito.

CX: Air drag coefficient inoratidza kudhonza kwemhepo.

CZ: Mhepo yekusimudza reshiyo, iyo inoratidza shanduko mumitoro pamberi uye kumashure mavhiri sebasa rekumhanya. Mundege Cz yakanaka (kusimuka), muFormula 1 haina kunaka (rutsigiro).

Д

Kutsauka: Inoreva kureba kwenguva yekufamba kweyekuvhundutsa kana forogo pakati pekuwedzera uye kumisikidza kumira.

Gear: The kutapurirana inobvumira injini kumhanya kuti ichinje kune kumhanya kwemudhudhudhu. Saka, zvichienderana nesarudzo yechiyero chegiya, kukurumidza uye kudzoreredza kana kumhanya kwepamusoro kunogona kusimudzirwa.

Relaxation: Relaxation inoreva kudzokorodza mhedzisiro yekumisa, iyo inopesana nekumanikidza

Diagonal: Chimiro chetairi umo mapepa ane diagonal fiber anoshandiswa perpendicular kune mumwe nemumwe kuti ape hurefu hwekutakura mutoro. Iyi dhizaini inongopa yakaderera side grip uye inopisa nekukurumidza.

Brake disk: yakaoma pagumbo, dhisiki yebhureki inoderedzwa nemapadhi panguva yekuputika uye nokudaro inoita kuti gumbo rimire.

Kuparadzirwa: Kugovera kunosanganisira nzira dzekutora kwemhepo-peturu musanganiswa uye kupera kwemagasi muhumburumbira.

Drip (Chattering): Ichi chiitiko chekurovera kwemavhiri pasi izvo zvinoguma nekurasikirwa kwekubata uye zvinogona kukonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwekumiswa kwekugadzirisa, kuderera kwehuremu kugovera, kana kusakwana kwetai kumanikidza.

Zvakaoma (kana hose): Iri zita rakanyoreswa rinoreva kukodzera, kwepakutanga yakagadzirwa nerabha, iyo inobvumira nhengo dzakasiyana dzemudhudhudhu kuti dzibatanidzwe uye mvura iendeswe kumudhudhudhu, ichipa dziviriro kubva kumhirizhonga yekunze.

Е

Exhaust: Chikamu chekupedzisira chejini inotenderera, kana magasi akapiswa atiza, anowanzo shandiswa kureva poto kana muffler pachayo.

Wheelbase: Zvinoreva chinhambwe chiri pakati pevhiri remberi nemaekisero ekumashure

Customer Support: Iyo sisitimu ine imwe kana anopfuura anofambiswa piston anosundidzira mabhureki padhi padhisiki kutyora mudhudhudhu.

Thread: Rwonzi rwunoenderana nenamo yescuru. Iwo mambure akaumbwa pane cylindrical surface.

Sefa yemhepo: Iyo sefa yemhepo inomisa zvisingadiwe zvidimbu mweya usati wapinda muinjini. Kuvapo kwezvimedu izvi muhumburumbira kunotungamira mukupfeka nguva isati yakwana. Inhibit (colmatized) inodzivirira kufema kwejini, zvichikonzera kushandiswa uye kuderedza kushanda. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kugara uchitarisa mamiriro eiyo sefa.

Flat twin: Yakajairika BMW Motorrad injini yekuvaka. Iyo kaviri cylinder apo macylinders maviri akaiswa akatarisana chaizvo kune rimwe divi re crankshaft.

Akaputsa: Brake mudziyo unodzora kumira kwemudhudhudhu. Iyo ine ingave madhiramu, imwe kana maviri mabhureki disc, uye akawanda calipers nemapadhi sezvinobvira.

Kukakavara: Friction inoreva kukwesha kunogadzirwa nemuchina.

Forogo: The telescopic forogo ndiko kumiswa kwepamberi kwemudhudhudhu. Inonzi inverted kana mateko akaiswa pamusoro pepombi. Mukugadzirisa uku, kunopa kuoma kwakawanda kumberi kwebhasikoro.

Shell: Mabhomba anoumba chikamu chakagadziriswa cheforogo umo machubhu anotsvedza.

Г

Management: Uku kungoerekana kwaita mafambiro kunoitika kana uchimhanyisa uye kunotangwa mushure mekutyora mugwagwa. Zvifambiso zvinodzivirira kana kudzora mavhiri.

Н

я

Jekiseni: Jekiseni inobvumira injini kuendesa mafuta nenzira kwayo muchiteshi chekupinza (isina kunanga jekiseni) kana yakananga mukamuri yekupisa (jekiseni rakananga, risati rashandiswa mumidhudhudhu). Inoperekedzwa nekombuta yemagetsi iyo inonyatso gadzirisa magetsi.

J.

Rim: Ichi chikamu chevhiri chinogarwa nevhiri. Anogona kutaura kana kunamatira. Marimu anogona kugarisa machubhu emukati, kunyanya kana ari maspokes. Kana matai asina tubeless ashandiswa, anofanira kupa chisimbiso chakakwana.

Spinnaker chisimbiso: Iyo radial seal mhete inobvumira shaft inofamba kutenderera uye kutsvedza. Paforogo, inochengeta mafuta ari mushedhi sezvo pombi dzinotsvedza. Spi chiratidzo chakanyoreswa, isu tinowanzo kutaura nezve lip chisimbiso (s)

Skirt: ichi ndicho chikamu chinotungamira piston muhumburumbira. Mune injini-maviri, siketi inobvumira chiedza kuti chivhure uye chivhare. Basa rinopihwa necamshaft uye mavharuvhu mune ina-stroke injini.

К

kWh: simba remota imwe mujoule pasekondi

Л

Mutauro: Yakanyanya inoshanda camshaft valve control system.

Luvuament: Inoshandura kuita mudhudhudhu ripple pakumhanya kukuru, iyo inobva yabata chidhiraivho, asi nenzira isingakoshi kupfuura chidhiraivho. Mabviro acho akawanda uye anogona kubva padambudziko rekumanikidzwa kwevhiri, kurongeka kwevhiri, dambudziko reruoko rinotenderedza, kana shanduko yeaerodynamic inokonzerwa nebubble, mutyairi, kana masutukesi.

М

Master silinda: Imba yacho ine piston inotsvedza inotumira kudzvanywa kwehydraulic fluid kudzora mabhureki kana clutch. Ichi chikamu chakabatanidzwa kune reservoir ine hydraulic fluid.

Manetho: Iyi ndiyo crankshaft yakabatana netambo yekubatanidza.

Silinda imwe chete: Single silinda injini ine humburumbira imwe chete.

Maviri-stroke injini: inoreva injini yekupisa yemukati iyo basa rekutenderera rinoitika mune imwe sitiroko.

Four-stroke injini: zvinoreva injini inopisa yemukati iyo kutenderera kwayo kunoshanda sezvinotevera: kutora, kumanikidza, kupisa / kuzorora uye kupera simba.

Stupica: Inoreva pakati axis yevhiri.

Н

О

П

Asterisk: Giya idhisiki remazino rinobvumira kutapurirana kwesimba rekutenderera kuburikidza nechitima chegiya.

Pisitoni: Iyo piston chikamu cheinjini inoenda kumashure nekudzoka mucylinder uye inomanikidza musanganiswa wemhepo nepeturu.

Mabhureki emabhureki: mabhureki organ, mabhureki mapedhi anovakwa mucaliper uye simbisa dhisiki kubhuroka vhiri.

Tray: Chidimbu checlutch chinosundira dhisiki paflywheel kana clutch nut.

Yakaderera isina kwayakarerekera / yakakwirira isina kwayakarerekera poindi: Nzvimbo yepamusoro yakafa inotsanangura nzvimbo yakakwirira yakasvikwa nepiston sitiroko, low neutral inoreva iyo yakaderera.

Preload: Iyo inonziwo prestressing, inoreva kudzvanywa kwekutanga kwechitubu chekumisikidzwa. Nokuwedzera iyo, kuputika kwakafa kunoderera uye simba rekutanga rinowedzera, asi kuoma kwekumisa kunoramba kwakafanana nokuti kunotsanangurwa nechitubu pachacho.

Mubvunzo wako

Р

Radial: Iyo radial chimiro chevhiri inoumbwa nemateru akaiswa perpendicularly. Ichi chitunha chakareruka muhuremu kupfuura chitunha che diagonal, icho chinoda mamwe mapepa uye nokudaro chinogadzira zvirinani maneuverability. Imwe bhenefiti yeiyi dhizaini ndeyekuti haifambisi lateral beng kusvika pakutsika.

Radiator: Reyedhita inobvumira chinotonhodza (mafuta kana mvura) kutonhora. Inosanganisira machubhu ekutonhodza uye zvimbi zvinobvisa kupisa.

Nhamba yehuwandu: iyo inonziwo compression ratio, ndiyo chiyero pakati pesimba rehumburumbira apo piston iri padanho rakaderera rakarerekera uye huwandu hwekamuri yekupisa.

kukanganisa:Abnormal engine ruzha

Breater: Iyo yekufema inoreva chiteshi chinobvumira kubuda kweinjini kuburikidza neiyo condensation chiitiko chemafuta kana mhute yemvura.

Pfuma: hupfumi hwemusanganiswa wemhepo uye peturu hunoenderana nehuwandu hwemafuta ari mumhepo panguva yekuviga.

Rotor: Icho chikamu chinofamba chemagetsi emagetsi anotenderera mukati me stator.

С

Hoof motor: Mahwanda emota chivharo chinovhara kana kudzivirira mavhiri engoro. Pamabhasikoro emumugwagwa, ichi chinenge chidimbu chembatya. Iyo mahwanda anogona zvakare kutora chimiro chesimbi inodzivirira pane mabhasiketi uye nzira.

Chikamu: Mhete dzakatenderedza piston mumagirovha kuvhara uye kubvisa macalorie kubva papiston kuenda kumadziro ecylinder

Akaputsa: Iyo otomatiki braking system yakabatana kune master cylinder inoshandisa injini yekupinza vacuum kuwedzera simba rinodiwa kuisa mabhureki.

Shimmy: Dambudziko rinokonzera kufambisa oscillation panguva yekudzikira nekumhanya kwakaderera. Kusiyana nemubati wekubata, padding haikonzerwi nedambudziko rekunze, asi nekukanganisa pamudhudhudhu unogona kubuda kubva pakuyera, gadziriso yekufambisa, matai ...

Mufflers: akaiswa pamagumo emutsara wekupedza, muffler inotarisira kuderedza ruzha runokonzerwa nemagasi emhepo.

Valve: Ivhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavha kuvhura kana kuvharisa xikombiso xa ku tlula kana ku pfuka.

Nyeredzi: Kupfumisa sisitimu kuitira nyore kutonhora kutanga.

Stator: Icho chikamu chakagadziriswa chegadziriro yemagetsi, yakadai sejenareta, inovaka rotor inotenderera.

Т

Drum: Ngoma dzemabhureki dzinosanganisira bhero neshaya dzine tambo dzinofamba nepakati kuti dzikweshe mukati medhiramu nekupwanya vhiri. Kudzikira kwakadzika kurwisa uye inorema disc masisitimu, zvigubhu zvave kutonyangarika kubva kumidhudhudhu yemazuva ano.

Kukanganiswa kwehuwandu: ona volumetric ratio

Gearbox: Gearbox inoreva iyo yese mechaniki mudziyo wekufambisa kutenderera kweiyo crankshaft kuvhiri rekumashure remudhudhudhu.

Tubeless: Iri zita rechirungu rinoreva "pasina inner chubhu".

У

V

V-Mapatya: Twin-cylinder injini yekuvaka. Iyo V-twin, yakakosha kubva kumugadziri Harley-Davidson, ine 2 masilinda akaparadzaniswa nekona. Kana kona iri 90 °, tiri kutaurawo nezvemapatya akafanana neL (Ducati). Inoonekwa nekutinhira kwayo.

Crankshaft: Iyo crankshaft inoshandura kumberi uye kumashure kufamba kwepiston kuita inotenderera inotenderera inofamba nekuda kwekubatanidza tsvimbo. Inobva yaendesa iyi pivot mecha kune mamwe ma mechanic zvikamu zvemudhudhudhu, senge kutapurirana.