Mechanical uye electronic speedometer. Chigadzirwa uye nheyo yekushanda

Hazvina kungoerekana zvaitika kuti speedometer iri munzvimbo yakakurumbira pane dashboard yemotokari. Mushure mezvose, chigadzirwa ichi chinoratidza kuti uri kutyaira sei, uye inokubvumira kuti udzore kutevedza nemiganhu inobvumirwa, iyo inobata zvakananga kuchengetedzwa kwemugwagwa. Ngatisakanganwe nezve matikiti ekumhanyisa, ayo anogona kudziviswa kana iwe nguva nenguva uchitarisa painomhanya. Mukuwedzera, mumigwagwa yenyika nerubatsiro rwechigadzirwa ichi, unogona kuchengetedza mafuta kana iwe ukachengetedza kukurumidza kwepamusoro apo kushandiswa kwemafuta kushoma.

Mechini yekumhanya mita yakagadzirwa makore anopfuura zana apfuura uye ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari nhasi. Iyo sensor pano inowanzo giya rinosangana negiya rakakosha pane yechipiri shaft. Pamberi-mavhiri dhiraivha mota, iyo sensor inogona kuwanikwa pane axis yemavhiri ekutyaira, uye mune ese-mavhiri ekutyaira mota, mune yekufambisa kesi.



Sechiratidzo chekumhanya (6) pane dashboard, chinongedzo chinoshandiswa chinoshandiswa, kushanda kwacho kunobva pamusimboti wemagnetic induction.

Kufambiswa kwekutenderera kubva ku sensor (1) kuenda kune yekumhanyisa chiratidzo (chaizvoizvo iyo Speedometer) inoitwa pachishandiswa flexible shaft (tambo) (2) kubva kune akati wandei akamonyoroka tambo dzesimbi ine tetrahedral tip kumativi ese ari maviri. Tambo inotenderera yakasununguka yakatenderedza axis yayo mune yakakosha purasitiki inodzivirira sheath.

Iyo actuator ine magineti asingagumi (3), akaiswa patambo yekutyaira uye anotenderera nayo, uye aluminium cylinder kana disk (4), pane axis iyo inomhanyisa tsono inogadziriswa. Chidzitiro chesimbi chinodzivirira chimiro kubva pamhedzisiro yekunze magineti, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuverenga kwechigadzirwa.

Kutenderera kwemagineti kunoita kuti eddy currents mune isiri-magnetic material (aluminium). Kudyidzana nemagnetic field yegineti inotenderera inoita kuti aluminium disk itendererewo. Zvisinei, kuvapo kwechitubu chekudzoka (5) kunotungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti diski, uye nayo museve wekunongedza, inongotenderera kuburikidza neimwe kona yakaenzana nekumhanya kwemotokari.

Pane imwe nguva, vamwe vagadziri vakaedza kushandisa tepi uye chigubhu-mhando zviratidzo mumakanika speedometers, asi zvakaratidza kuti hazvina kunyatsonaka, uye pakupedzisira vakasiiwa.



Pasinei nekureruka uye kunaka kwema mechanical speedometers ine shaft inoshanduka sekutyaira, dhizaini iyi inowanzopa chikanganiso chakakura, uye tambo pachayo ndiyo inonyanya kunetsa chinhu mairi. Naizvozvo, kungoti mechanic speedometers zvishoma nezvishoma zvave kuita chinhu chekare, zvichipa nzira kune electromechanical uye zvemagetsi zvishandiso.

Iyo electromechanical speedometer inoshandisawo inoshanduka dhiraivha shaft, asi iyo magineti induction yekumhanyisa kusangana mumudziyo yakarongedzwa zvakasiyana. Panzvimbo yealuminium cylinder, inductor yakaiswa pano, umo magetsi emagetsi anogadzirwa pasi pesimba rekuchinja magnetic field. Iyo yakakwirira kumhanya kwekutenderera kwegineti yekusingaperi, iyo yakakura ikozvino inoyerera kuburikidza nekoiri. A pointer milliammeter yakabatana kune coil terminals, iyo inoshandiswa sechiratidzo chekumhanya. Chigadzirwa chakadaro chinokubvumira kuti uwedzere kurongeka kwekuverenga uchienzaniswa ne mechanical speedometer.

Mumagetsi ekumhanya kwemagetsi, hapana hukama hwemagetsi pakati pe sensor yekumhanyisa uye mudziyo uri mudhibhodhi.

Iyo yepamusoro-yekumhanya unit yemudziyo ine dhizaini yemagetsi inobata chiratidzo chemagetsi pulse inogamuchirwa kubva kuspeed sensor kuburikidza newaya uye inoburitsa voltage inoenderana nekubuda kwayo. Iyi voltage inoshandiswa kune dial milliammeter, iyo inoshanda sechiratidzo chekumhanya. Mune mamwe maturusi emazuva ano, iyo stepper ICE inodzora pointer.

Seye sensor yekumhanyisa, zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa izvo zvinogadzira pulsed magetsi chiratidzo. Chishandiso chakadaro chinogona kunge chiri, semuenzaniso, pulse inductive sensor kana optical pair (light emitting diode + phototransistor), umo kuumbwa kwemapurusi kunoitika nekuda kwekuvhiringidzwa kwekutaurirana kwechiedza panguva yekutenderera kweiyo slotted disk yakaiswa pane shaft.

Asi, pamwe, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa yekumhanyisa sensors, iyo musimboti wekushanda unobva pane iyo Horo mhedzisiro. Kana iwe ukaisa conductor iyo yakananga ikozvino inoyerera mune magineti, ipapo inochinjika inogona mutsauko inomuka mairi. Kana iyo magnetic field inoshanduka, ukuru hwemusiyano unogona kuchinja zvakare. Kana dhisiki rekutyaira rine slot kana ledge richitenderera mune remagineti, saka isu tinowana shanduko yekufungidzira mune inochinjika inogona mutsauko. Iyo yakawanda yemapulses ichave yakaenzana nekumhanya kwekutenderera kwe master disk.



Kuti uratidze kukurumidza panzvimbo yechiratidzo Zvinoitika kuti kuratidzwa kwedhijitari kunoshandiswa. Nekudaro, inogara ichichinja manhamba pane inomhanya seti yakaipisisa kunzwisiswa nemutyairi kupfuura kufamba kwakatsetseka kwemuseve. Kana iwe ukapinda kunonoka, ipapo kumhanya kwepakarepo hakugone kuratidzwa chaiko, kunyanya panguva yekumhanyisa kana kuderedza. Naizvozvo, anorongedzerwa anonongedzera achiri kukunda muanomhanya mhanya.

Pasinei nekuenderera mberi kwetekinoroji muindasitiri yemotokari, vazhinji vanocherekedza kuti iko kurongeka kwekuverengera kweanomhanya kunoramba kusiri kwakanyanya. Uye ichi hachisi chibereko chekufungidzira kwakanyanya kwevatyairi vega. Chikanganiso chidiki chinoiswa nemaune nevagadziri vatove mukugadzira michina. Uyezve, chikanganiso ichi chinogara chiri munzira huru, kuitira kuti usabvisa mamiriro ezvinhu apo, pasi pesimba rezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kuverenga kwe speedometer kuchave kwakaderera pane zvingangoita motokari. Izvi zvinoitwa kuitira kuti mutyairi arege kupfuudza kumhanya netsaona, achitungamirwa nemaitiro asina kunaka pachigadzirwa. Pamusoro pekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa, vagadziri vanoteedzerawo zvavanoda - vanotsvaga kusabvisa mhosva kubva kune vatyairi vasina kugutsikana vakagamuchira faindi kana kupinda mutsaona nekuda kwekuverengerwa kwemanyepo ekumhanyisa mota.

Iko kukanganisa kwemaspeedometers, sekutonga, haisi-mutsara. Iri pedyo ne zero paanenge 60 km / h uye zvishoma nezvishoma inowedzera nekukurumidza. Pakumhanya kwe200 km / h, kukanganisa kunogona kusvika kusvika ku10 muzana.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisawo kurongeka kwekuverenga, senge izvo zvine chekuita nekumhanya sensors. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune mechanic speedometers, umo magiya zvishoma nezvishoma anopera.

Kazhinji, varidzi vemotokari ivo pachavo vanounza imwe mhosho nekuisa saizi iyo inosiyana kubva kune zita. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti sensor inoverenga shanduko yegearbox inobuda shaft, inoenderana nekushanduka kwemavhiri. Asi nekuderedzwa kwedhayamita yevhiri, mota ichafamba chinhambwe chipfupi mukutenderera kumwe chete kwevhiri pane nematai esaizi yezita. Uye izvi zvinoreva kuti sipidhiyo icharatidza kukurumidza kwepamusoro ne2 ... 3 muzana kana ichienzaniswa neinobvira. Kutyaira nemavhiri akadzikira pasi kuchaita zvakafanana. Kuisa matayi ane dhayamita yakawedzera, pane zvinopesana, zvinokonzeresa kushomeka kweiyo speedometer kuverenga.

Iko kukanganisa kunogona kuve kusingagamuchirwe zvachose kana, pachinzvimbo chenguva dzose, iwe ukaisa sipidhimita isina kugadzirwa kuti ishande mune iyi chaiyo mota modhi. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kana zvikave zvakakosha kutsiva mudziyo wakashata.

Odometer inoshandiswa kuyera nhambwe yafambwa. Izvo hazvifanirwe kuvhiringidzwa neiyo speedometer. Muchokwadi, izvi zviviri zvakasiyana zvishandiso, izvo zvinowanzobatanidzwa mune imwe nyaya. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti zvese zvishandiso, sekutonga, zvinoshandisa imwechete sensor.

Muchiitiko chekushandisa shaft inoshanduka sekutyaira, kuendesa kutenderera kune shaft yekupinza yeodometer inoitwa kuburikidza nebhokisi regiya rine giya rakakura - kubva 600 kusvika 1700. Kare, giya rehonye raishandiswa, iro raishandiswa magiya ane manhamba anotenderedzwa. Mumazuva ano analog odometers, kutenderera kwemavhiri kunodzorwa ne stepper motors.



Kuwedzera, iwe unogona kuwana zvishandiso umo iyo mileage yemotokari inoratidzwa digitally pane yemvura crystal kuratidza. Muchiitiko ichi, ruzivo nezve chinhambwe chakafamba chinodzokororwa mune injini yekudzora unit, uye zvinoitika kuti mukiyi yemagetsi yemotokari. Kana iwe ukasimudza odometer yedhijitari zvakarongwa, nhema inogona kunyatsoonekwa kuburikidza nekuongorora komputa.

Kana pane matambudziko ane speedometer, hapana nyaya inofanira kuregererwa, inofanira kugadziriswa pakarepo. Zviri maererano nekuchengeteka kwako uye kwevamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa. Uye kana chikonzero chiri mune yakashata sensor, ipapo matambudziko anogona kumuka, sezvo injini yekudzora unit ichagadzirisa mashandiro eyuniti zvichienderana nekukanganisa data data.