Mini International Space Station inotenderera Mwedzi
Mini International Space Station inotenderera Mwedzi
Pakupera kwaNdira 2016, sangano renhau reRussia RIA Novosti rakaburitsa ruzivo rwaisatarisirwa. Akataura kuti US, Russia neEuropean space agency vari kutaurirana mafomu ekubatana kwavo mune ramangwana mushure mekupedzwa kwechirongwa cheInternational Space Station (ISS), icho chinotarisirwa kuitika muna 2028.
Zvakazoitika kuti chibvumirano chepakutanga chakasvika nekukurumidza kuti mushure mechiteshi chikuru muEarth orbit, chirongwa chinotevera chakabatana chaizova chiteshi, chidiki zvikuru muhukuru, asi chichifambisa kane chiuru mberi - kutenderera Mwedzi.
Mhedzisiro yeARM uye Constellation
Ehe, pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana dzemabhesi emwedzi - zvese zviri pamusoro, pasi-orbit, uye yakakwirira-orbit - dzakamuka mumakumi emakore achangopfuura kanenge kamwe chete makore maviri ega ega. Vakanga vakasiyana-siyana muhukuru - kubva kune vadiki, vachibvumira boka revanhu vaviri kana vatatu kuti vagare kwemwedzi yakati wandei, izvo zvaida kutakurwa kwechokwadi chese chinodiwa nehupenyu kubva kuPasi, kuenda kunzvimbo dzakakura, maguta anozvikwanisa ane huwandu hwevanhu. zvezviuru zvakawanda. vagari. Vaiva nechinhu chimwe chete vakafanana - kushaya mari.
Makumi gumi apfuura, kwechinguva chidiki, chirongwa cheAmerica chekudzokera kuMwedzi, unozivikanwa seConstellation, chaiita sechaive nemukana, asi chakawirawo munjodzi yekushaikwa kwezvinhu uye kusada kwezvematongerwo enyika. Muna 2013, NASA yakaronga chirongwa chinodaidzwa kuti ARM (Asteroid Redirect Mission), yakazonzi ARU (Asteroid Retrieval uye, Utilization), chirongwa chinoshuvira kuendesa kupasi redu uye kuongorora dombo kubva pamusoro peimwe yeasteroids. Basa racho rakanga riri rekuita nhanho dzakawanda.
Padanho rekutanga, yaifanira kutumirwa kune imwe yemapuraneti eboka reNEO (Near-Earth Objects), i.e. padyo nePasi, chikepe cheARRM (Asteroid Retrieval Robotic Mission) chine advanced ion propulsion system chakarongerwa kusimuka kubva paPasi muna Zvita 2021 chomhara pamusoro pechinhu chisina kutsanangurwa mumakore asingasviki maviri. Nekubatsirwa kwezvitsigiro zvakakosha, yaifanirwa kusungira dombo rine dhayamita inenge mamita mana (kukura kwayo kuchasvika matani makumi maviri), uye wozoiputira muvharo yakasimba. Yaizosimuka yakananga kuNyika asi kwete kumhara paNyika nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri zvakakosha. Chekutanga, hakuna ngarava yakakura kudaro inokwanisa kutakura chinhu chinorema kudaro, uye chechipiri, ndakanga ndisingadi kusangana nemhepo yepasi.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, chirongwa chakagadzirwa kuunza kubata kune chaiyo yakakwira retrograde orbit (DRO, Kure Retrograde Orbit) muna 2025. Iyo yakanyanya kugadzikana, iyo isingazobvumiri kuwira nekukurumidza kumwedzi. Mutoro uchaedzwa nenzira mbiri - neotomatiki probes uye nevanhu vanounzwa nengarava dzeOrion, ivo chete vakasara vechirongwa cheConstellation. Uye iyo AGC, yakadzimwa muna Kubvumbi 2017, inogona kuitiswa munzvimbo yemwedzi? Zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha - chimwe chinhu, ndiko kuti, injini yeion, uye imwe isingabatike, iyo GCI orbit.
Chii chinotenderera, chii maroketi?
Vagadziri vesarudzo vakatarisana nemubvunzo wakakosha: chiteshi chinofanira kutevedzera munzira ipi, inonzi DSG (Deep Space Gateway). Kana vanhu vaizoenda pamusoro peMwedzi mune ramangwana, zvaizova pachena kusarudza yakaderera orbit, anenge zana remakiromita, asi kana chiteshi chaivewo chimbomira munzira yekusunungurwa kwePasi-Mwedzi. system of points kana asteroids, yaizofanira kuiswa mune a highly elliptical orbit , iyo yaizopa yakawanda simba purofiti.
Somugumisiro, sarudzo yechipiri yakasarudzwa, iyo yakatsigirwa nehuwandu hwezvinangwa zvinogona kuwanikwa nenzira iyi. Zvakadaro, iyi yanga isiri classical DRO orbit, asi NRHO (Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit) - yakavhurika, quasi-stable orbit ichipfuura padyo nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuenzana kwesimba rinokwevera reNyika neMwedzi. Imwe nyaya yakakosha ingadai yakave sarudzo yemotokari yekuvhurwa, dai pasina kuti yakanga isipo panguva iyoyo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kubheja paSLS (Space Launch System), super-roketi yakagadzirwa pasi peNASA kuti iongorore kudzika kwesolar solar, zvaive pachena, sezvo zuva rekutumirwa kweshanduro yayo yakapusa yaive iri pedyo - ipapo. yakaiswa pakupera kwa2018.
Ehe, pakanga paine mamwe matombo maviri akachengetwa - Falcon Heavy kubva kuSpaceX neNew Glenn-3S kubva kuBlue Origin, asi vaive nezvipingaidzo zviviri - kutakura kutakura uye kuti panguva iyoyo vaingovepo pabepa (ikozvino Falcon). Zvinorema mushure mekubudirira kwekutanga, kutangwa kweNew Glenn roketi kwakarongerwa 2021). Kunyangwe maroketi makuru akadai, anokwanisa kuendesa matani makumi matanhatu neshanu emubhadharo kune yakaderera Earth orbit, achakwanisa kuendesa huremu hwematani 65 chete kunharaunda yeMwedzi.Ichi chakava muganhu wehuwandu hwezvinhu zvega, sezvo sechisikigo DSG yaifanira kuva modular chimiro. Mushanduro yepakutanga, yaifungidzirwa kuti yaizova mamodules mashanu - dhiraivha uye magetsi, maviri ekugara, gedhi uye logistics, iyo mushure mekudzikisa ichashanda serabhoritari.
Sezvo vamwe vatori vechikamu veISS vakaratidzawo kufarira kwakanyanya muDRG, i.e. Japan neCanada, zvakava pachena kuti iyo manipulator yaizopihwa neCanada, iyo inyanzvi mune zvemuchadenga marobhoti, uye Japan yakapa yakavharwa-loop pekugara. Pamusoro pezvo, Russia yakati mushure mekupihwa basa kweiyo Federation Federation spacecraft, mamwe acho anogona kutumirwa kuchiteshi chitsva. Pfungwa yediki isina munhu lander, inokwanisa kuburitsa kubva pamusoro peSilver Globe kubva kumakumi akati wandei kusvika makumi akati wandei emakirogiramu emasampuli, yakavimbiswa pamwe chete neESA, CSA neJAXA. Zvirongwa zvenguva refu zvaive zvekuwedzera imwe, nzvimbo yakakura pakupera kwemaXNUMX, uye zvishoma gare gare, nhanho yekufambisa iyo inogona kutungamira yakaoma pane trajectory inotungamira kune zvimwe zvinangwa.
