Injini yemafuta: mineral kana synthetic? Kusarudzwa uye kutsiviwa
Tsvaga mutsauko uripo pakati pekugadzira, semi-synthetic (semi-synthetic) uye mineral oiri. Isu tinopawo zano kuti ndeapi mafuta ari nani kuwedzera kana zvichidikanwa, kana iwe usingazivi kuti ndeapi mafuta ari mujini.
Oiri yeinjini ndeimwe yemvura yakakosha mumotokari. Iyo ine basa rekuzora iyo drive unit, inoderedza kukweshera kwezvikamu zveinjini panguva yekushanda, inoichengeta yakachena, uye zvakare inoita sechinhu chinotonhorera.
Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakakosha kushandisa mafuta anokurudzirwa nemugadziri wemotokari - zvakakosha zvikuru kuchengetedza injini mumamiriro akanaka.
Nekudaro, zvinonetsa zvemotokari zvinowanzoburitsa zvitupa zvemafuta chaiwo, i.e. zvibvumirano zverezinesi. Semuyenzaniso, General Motors inokurudzira kushandiswa kwemafuta einjini edexos2 akabvumidzwa mumotokari dzekambani (Opel neChevrolet). Kana ukashandisa mafuta akasiyana uye kukuvadza injini yako, unogona kunge uine matambudziko nemahara waranti kugadzirisa. Asi zvinonyanya kuputika muchando, nokuti kuva nemotokari pasi pewaranti, tinowanzo shandisa masevhisi echiteshi chebasa chakabvumidzwa, uko vashandi vebasa vanosarudza mafuta akakodzera.
Pamasherufu ezvitoro, tinogona kuwana synthetic, semi-synthetic uye mineral oiri.
Sezvo Pavel Mastalerek, Castrol's technical maneja, anotsanangura kwatiri, ivo vanosiyana mumafuta epasi uye ehupfumi mapakeji.
Chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta
Mafuta ekugadzira pari zvino ndiwo anonyanya kutsvagirwa uye anowanzo kugadzirwa oiri, saka anozadzisa zvirinani zvinodikanwa zvevagadziri veinjini, uye mota idzi dzinogara kwenguva refu uye dzinomhanya zvakanyanya.
Synthetics yakakwirira kune mineral uye semi-synthetic oiri mune zvese. Vanogona kushanda patembiricha yakakwira uye kudzvanywa kwepamusoro panzvimbo dzakazodzwa pane zvicherwa kana semi-synthetic. Nekuda kwekupikisa kwavo kutonhora kwakanyanya, havaunganidzi muchimiro chekuisa pazvikamu zvemukati zveinjini, izvo zvinowedzera hupenyu hwayo hwebasa.
Onawo: Mafuta, mafuta, mafirita emhepo - riini uye sei kuchinja? Guide
Panguva imwecheteyo, dzinenge dziine mvura patembiricha yakaderera - dzinoramba dziri mvura kunyange pasi kusvika paminus 60 degrees Celsius. Nokudaro, vanoita kuti zvive nyore kutanga injini munguva yechando, iyo yakaoma kana uchishandisa mafuta emaminerari akakora muchando chakanyanya.
Ivo zvakare vanoderedza frictional resistance uye kushandiswa kwemafuta. Ivo zviri nani kuchengeta injini yakachena nokuderedza dhipoziti mairi. Nguva dzekutsiva dzakareba nekuti dzinokura zvishoma nezvishoma. Nokudaro, vanogona kushanda mune iyo inonzi hupenyu hurefu, i.e. yakawedzera mileage pakati pekuchinja kwemafuta mumotokari. Zvose izvi zvinoreva kuti motokari itsva dzakawanda dzinoshandisa synthetics.
Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta
Semi-synthetics yakafanana mune zvakawanda zvivakwa kune synthetics, inopa zvirinani kuchengetedzwa kweinjini pane emamineral oiri. Tinogona kutaura kuti ivo ibhiriji mukushanduka kubva kune synthetic kuenda kune mineral oil. Iko hakuna mazinga akakosha ekuti riini uye papi mileage inofanirwa kuchinja kubva kumafuta ekugadzira kuenda ku semi-synthetic. Kunyange kana motokari yakatyaira mazana ezviuru zvemakiromita, asi motokari haina zviratidzo zvekupfeka uye inoshanda zvakakwana, hazvikurudzirwi kuramba ma synthetics.
Semi-synthetic inogona kuva mhinduro kana tichida kuchengetedza mari. Oiri yakadaro inochipa kupfuura yekugadzira uye inopa yakakwirira-yepamusoro injini kudzivirira. Litre yemafuta ekugadzira kazhinji inodhura kupfuura PLN 30, mitengo inogona kutosvika PLN 120. Tichabhadhara nezve PLN 25-30 ye semi-synthetics uye PLN 18-20 yemvura yemaminerari.
Mineral mafuta
Mamineral oiri haachisiri emhando yakaderera sezvaaive makore mashoma apfuura, asi zvakadaro iwo akaipisisa pane ese marudzi. Zvinokurudzirwa kuzvishandisa mumainjini ekare ane mileage yakakwira, pamwe chete nekupisa kwemafuta, i.e. apo motokari inoshandisa mafuta akawanda.
Onawo: Nguva - kutsiva, bhandi uye cheni drive. Guide
Kana isu tichitenga mota yakashandiswa, senge mota yemakore gumi ine injini yakasakara uye isu hatina chokwadi chekuti mafuta aimboshandiswa kare, zvakachengeteka kusarudza mineral kana semi-synthetic mafuta kuti urege kutsvaira. soot - izvi zvinogona kutungamira mukudonha kana kuderera kwechiyero chekumanikidza kupfeka, ndiko kuti, kudzvanywa muinjini.
- Kana tine chokwadi chokuti motokari, pasinei nemakiromita akakwirira, yakanga ichimhanya pamafuta ekugadzira, unogona kushandisa rudzi rumwe chete rwemafuta, asi nepamusoro-soro viscosity, inokurudzira Pavel Mastalerek. -Inokutendera kuti uderedze zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta einjini, pamwe nekudzikisa ruzha rwunoburitswa nedhiraivha.
Mafuta mavara
Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa viscosity parameters (mafuta kuramba kuyerera - viscosity inowanzovhiringidzika ne density) ye synthetics ndeye 5W-30 kana 5W-40. Semi-synthetics inenge yakafanana viscosity - 10W-40. Mineral oiri 15W-40, 20W-40, 15W-50 anowanikwa pamusika.
Nyanzvi yeCastrol inotsanangura kuti index ine tsamba W inoratidza viscosity pakudzika kwakadzika, uye index isina tsamba W - pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Iyo yakadzika iyo viscosity, yakaderera kushorwa kwemafuta uye nekudaro kuderera kwekurasikirwa kwesimba kweinjini. Nekudaro, yakakwira viscosity inopa zvirinani kudzivirira injini kubva pakupfeka. Naizvozvo, viscosity yemafuta inofanira kunge iri chibvumirano pakati pezvinodiwa zvakanyanya izvi.
Injini dzepeturu, madhiziri, mota dzine LPG kuisirwa uye DPF sefa
Hunhu hwemhando dzepeturu nedhiziri injini dzinosiyana, asi mafuta anowanikwa pamusika anowanzo kusangana ese ari maviri. Somugumisiro, zvakaoma kuwana mafuta akagadzirirwa chete dizeli kana chete peturu injini.
Misiyano yakakura muoiri inokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kweinjini nemidziyo yavo. Mafuta anosiyana nekuda kwekushandiswa kweDPF (FAP) mafirita, TWC matatu-nzira catalysts, yakajairika njanji kana unit jekiseni jekiseni masisitimu, kana hupenyu hurefu hwemafuta. Iyi misiyano inofanirwa kuve yakakosha pakusarudza mafuta einjini.
Zvakakosha kuwedzera kuti mafuta anofanira kushandiswa kumotokari dzine DPF sefa.
inogadzirwa nehunyanzvi hwepasi-ash (Low SAPS). Izvi zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwekuzadza kwemafirita. Mafuta akadaro muchikamu cheACEA anosarudzwa C1, C2, C3 (anowanzo kukurudzirwa nevagadziri veinjini) kana C4.
- Mumafuta akagadzirirwa mota dzevafambi, zvakaoma zvikuru kuwana mafuta akaderera kunze kweanogadzira, anodaro Pavel Mastalerek. - Mafuta akaderera-ash anoshandiswawo mumafuta erori, uye pano unogona kuwana synthetic, semi-synthetic uye dzimwe nguva kunyange mineral oiri.
Onawo: Kushanda kweGearbox - maitiro ekudzivirira kugadzirisa kunodhura
Panyaya yemotokari dzine gasi kuisa, pane mafuta pamusika ane mavara ane rondedzero kuti anogadziriswa kumotokari dzakadaro. Zvisinei, vagadziri vepasi rose havatauri zvakananga mafuta akadaro. Iyo parameter yezvigadzirwa zve peturu injini zvinobudirira kuita zvese zvinodiwa.
Chii chinonzi replenishment?
Litre yemafuta muhunde kuitira kuti ikwanise kukwirisa chiyero chayo muinjini yakakosha - kunyanya kana tichienda kunzira refu. Kuti tiwedzere mafuta, tinofanira kuva nemafuta akafanana neari mujini. Ruzivo nezve izvi runogona kuwanikwa mubhuku rebasa kana pabepa rakasiiwa nemakanika pasi pehodhi mushure mekuitsiva.
Iwe unogona zvakare kuverenga bhuku remuridzi wemota. Iyo parameter inoratidzwa ipapo: viscosity - semuenzaniso, SAE 5W-30, SAE 10W-40, mhando - semuenzaniso, ACEA A3 / B4, API SL / CF, VW 507.00, MB 229.51, BMW Longlife-01. Nekudaro, izvo zvinonyanya kudiwa zvatinofanira kutevedzera ndezvemhando uye viscosity zviyero zvinotsanangurwa nemugadziri.
Nekudaro, zvinogona kuitika kuti kuwedzera mafuta kunodiwa parwendo, uye mutyairi haazive kuti rudzii rwemafuta akazadzwa nemushandi. Maererano naRafal Witkowski anobva kuKAZ, mutengesi wemafuta, zviri nani kutenga iyo inodhura zvakanyanya, yakanakisa pachiteshi chemafuta kana muchitoro chemotokari. Zvadaro mukana wekuti izvi zvichawedzera kuipa kwemafuta mujini ichave yakaderera.
Pane imwe nzira yokubuda nayo. PaInternet, pane mawebhusaiti evagadziri vemafuta einjini, unogona kuwana injini dzekutsvaga dzinokutendera kuti usarudze mafuta emazana emhando dzemotokari.
Oiri shanduko
Isu tinofanirwa kutevedzera kurudziro yemugadziri maererano nekutsiva nguva. Izvi zvinoitwa nemafuta sefa, kazhinji gore rega rega kana mushure me10-20 zviuru zvemakiromita. km. Asi mainjini matsva anogona kazhinji kuve neakawanda mamaira - anosvika makumi matatu 30. km kana makore maviri.
Kune mota dzinofambiswa negasi, kudzokororwa kakawanda kunokurudzirwa. Hupenyu hwemafuta hunofanira kunge hupfupi ne25 muzana. Chikonzero ndechekuti zvinowedzera mumafuta zvinopedzwa nekukurumidza, incl. nekuda kwekuvapo kwesarufa uye kupisa kwepamusoro kwekushanda.
Onawo: Kuiswa kwegasi - maitiro ekugadzirisa mota kuti ishande pane liquefied gasi - gwara
Yeuka kutarisa chiyero chemafuta nguva dzose - kamwe chete pamwedzi. Pasinei nokuti tine motokari yekare kana itsva.
Shanduko yemafuta inodhura yakatenderedza PLN 12, kunyangwe ichiwanzo mahara kana ukatenga oiri kubva kuchitoro chebasa. Inogona zvakare kudhura zvakanyanya kana mutengi achiunza ega mafuta. Iyo sefa inodhura anenge makumi matatu PLN.
nhau
* Castrol - Castrol EDGE z Fluid Simba Tekinoroji,
* ExxonMobil - Mobil 1 ESP 0W-40,
* Итого - Yese QUARTZ Ineo Hurefu Hupenyu 5W30,
* Xenum - WRX 7,5W40 - zvinonakidza, iyi Belgian ceramic mafuta ine isina kujairika viscosity, ichena,
* Valvoline - SynPower MST C4 SAE 5W-30,
* Lotus - Lotus Quasar K / FE 5W30, Lotus Quasar S 0W20, Lotus Synthetic Plus 5W40, Lotus Synthetic Turbodiesel Plus 5W40, Lotus Semi-synthetic HBO 10W40, Lotus Mineral HBO 15W40.
* Orlen Oil - PLATINUM MaxExpert V 5W-30, PLATINUM MaxExpert F 5W-30, PLATINUM MaxExpert XD 5W-30, PLATINUM MaxExpert XF 5W-30.
Chinyorwa uye mufananidzo: Piotr Walchak
