Motokari yebhatiri voltage

Zviratidzo zvakakosha zvebhatiri huwandu hwayo, voltage uye electrolyte density. Unhu hwebasa uye kushanda kwechigadzirwa kunoenderana navo. Mumotokari, bhatiri rinopa cranking ikozvino kune inotangisa kutanga injini uye inopa masimba emagetsi system kana ichidikanwa. Naizvozvo, kuziva mashandisirwo ebhatiri rako uye kuchengetedza kuita kwayo kwakakosha kuti mota yako irambe iri mumamiriro akanaka sese.

Bhatiri voltage

Kutanga, ngatitarisei zvinoreva izwi rekuti "voltage". Muchokwadi, iyi ndiyo "kumanikidza" kwemagetsi anochajirwa, akagadzirwa neazvino sosi, kuburikidza nedunhu (waya). Ma electrons anoita basa rinobatsira (magirobhu emagetsi, aggregates, etc.). Edza iyo voltage mu volts.

Iwe unogona kushandisa multimeter kuyera bhatiri voltage. Contact probes yemuchina inoiswa kune bhatiri terminals. Nenzira, iyo voltage ndeye 12V. Iyo chaiyo yebhatiri voltage inofanira kunge iri pakati pe12,6V ne12,7V.Idzi nhamba dzinoreva bhatiri rakazara.

Nhamba idzi dzinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye nguva yekuyedza. Pakarepo mushure mekuchaja, mudziyo unogona kuratidza 13 V - 13,2 V. Kunyangwe kukosha kwakadaro kunoonekwa sekugamuchirwa. Kuti uwane iyo data chaiyo, unofanirwa kumirira awa imwe kusvika maviri mushure mekurodha.

Kana iyo voltage inodonha pasi pe12 volts, izvi zvinoratidza bhatiri rakafa. Iko kukosha kwevoltage uye nhanho yekuchaja inogona kuenzaniswa zvichienderana netafura inotevera.

Voltage, volt	Dhigirii remutoro,%
12,6 +	zana
12,5	90
12.42	80
12.32	70
12.20	60
12.06	makumi mashanu
11,9	40
11,75	makumi matatu
11.58	makumi maviri
11.31	10
10,5	0

Sezvinoonekwa kubva patafura, voltage pazasi 12V inoratidza 50% kubuda kwebhatiri. Bhatiri rinoda kuchajwa nekukasira. Inofanira kurangarirwa kuti panguva yekubudiswa, nzira ye sulfation yemahwendefa inoitika. Density ye electrolyte inodonha. Sulfuric acid inoora nekutora chikamu mumakemikari anoita. Lead sulfate mafomu pamahwendefa. Kuchaja nenguva kunotanga kuita uku nenzira yakapesana. Kana iwe ukabvumira kubuda kwakadzika, zvichange zvakaoma kumutsiridza bhatiri. Ichakundikana zvachose kana kurasikirwa nekukwanisa kwayo zvakanyanya.

Iyo shoma voltage iyo bhatiri inogona kushanda ndeye 11,9 volts.

Yakatakurwa uye kuburutswa

Kunyangwe pa low voltage, bhatiri rinonyatsokwanisa kutanga injini. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti mushure meizvozvo jenereta inopa kubhadharisa bhatiri. Paunenge uchitanga injini, bhatiri rinopa yakawanda ikozvino kune inotangira uye kamwe kamwe inorasikirwa nechaji. Kana bhatiri rakarongeka, kubhadharisa kunodzoserwa zvishoma nezvishoma kune zvakajairika mumasekonzi mashanu.

Vheti yebhatiri nyowani inofanirwa kunge iri pakati pe12,6 ne12,9 volts, asi izvi zvakakosha hazviwanzo kuratidza mamiriro chaiwo ebhatiri. Semuenzaniso, pakusaita basa, kana pasina kwevatengi vakabatana, voltage iri mukati memiganhu yakajairika, uye pasi pemutoro inodonha zvakanyanya uye mutoro unokurumidza kudyiwa. Zvinofanira kuva.

Naizvozvo, kuyerwa kunoitwa pasi pemutoro. Kuti uite izvi, shandisa chigadziro chakadai seforogo yekutakura. Muedzo uyu unoratidza kana bhatiri rakachajwa kana kuti kwete.

Iyo socket ine voltmeter, yekuonana probes uye yekuchaja coil mudzimba. Chigadzirwa chacho chinogadzira kupikisa kwemazuva ano kunowedzera kaviri kukwanisa kwebhatiri, kufananidza kutanga ikozvino. Semuyenzaniso, kana bhatiri rakawanda riri 50Ah, ipapo mudziyo unochaja bhatiri kusvika ku100A. Chinhu chikuru ndechokusarudza resistor yakarurama. Pamusoro pe100A iwe uchafanirwa kubatanidza maviri ekupikisa makoiri kuti uwane kuverenga chaiko.

Kuyera kuyera kunoitwa nebhatiri rakazara. Chigadzirwa chacho chinobatwa kwemaminitsi mashanu, zvino zvigumisiro zvinonyorwa. Pasi pemutoro, voltage inodonha. Kana bhatiri rakanaka, rinodonha kusvika ku5 volts uye zvishoma nezvishoma kupora kusvika ku10 volts kana kupfuura. Kana iyo voltage inodonha kusvika ku12,4V kana zvishoma, ipapo bhatiri haisi kubhadharisa uye inokanganisa. Kunyangwe mushure mekuchaja inogona kuratidza yakajairika kukosha kwe9V uye kumusoro.

Electrolyte arambe achirema

Iyo voltage level inoratidzawo kuwanda kwe electrolyte. Iyo electrolyte pachayo musanganiswa we35% sulfuric acid uye 65% mvura yakasvibiswa. Isu takatotaura kuti panguva yekubuda, kusanganiswa kwe sulfuric acid kunoderera. Iyo yakakwirira yekuyerera, iyo yakaderera density. Izvi zviratidzo zvine hukama.

A hydrometer inoshandiswa kuyera density ye electrolytes nezvimwe zvinwiwa. Mune yakajairika mamiriro, kana yakazara chaji 12,6V - 12,7V uye tembiricha yemhepo ye20-25 ° C, density ye electrolyte inofanira kunge iri mukati me1,27g / cm3 - 1,28g / cm3.

Tafura inotevera inoratidza density maringe nechaji level.

Electrolyte arambe achirema, g / cm3	Kubhadharisa nhanho,%
1,27 - 1,28	zana
1,25	95
1,24	90
1,23	80
1,21	70
1,20	60
1.19	makumi mashanu
1,17	40
1,16	makumi matatu
1.14	makumi maviri
1.13	10

Kuwanda kwehuwandu, ndiko kuwedzera kusimba kwebhatiri kuchando. Munharaunda dzine mamiriro ekunze akanyanya kuoma, uko kutonhora kunodonha kusvika -30 ° C uye pasi, kuwanda kwe electrolyte kunowedzera kusvika 1,30 g / cm3 nekuwedzera sulfuric acid. Density inogona kuwedzerwa kusvika pakukwirira kwe1,35 g/cm3. Kana yakakwirira, asidhi inotanga kukanganisa mahwendefa uye zvimwe zvikamu.

Girafu pazasi inoratidza kuverenga kwe hydrometer pane tembiricha dzakasiyana:

Hydrometer kuverenga pane tembiricha dzakasiyana

Munguva yechando

Munguva yechando, vatyairi vakawanda vanocherechedza kuti sezvo tembiricha inoderera, zvinova zvakaoma kutanga injini. Bhatiri rinomira kushanda rizere. Vamwe vatyairi vanobvisa bhatiri usiku hwose vosiya richidziya. Kutaura zvazviri, kana yazara zvakakwana, magetsi haadonhe, asi kunyange anokwira.

Negative tembiricha inokanganisa density ye electrolyte uye mamiriro ayo emuviri. Kana yazara, bhatiri rinotsungirira chando zviri nyore, asi kana density yadzikira, mvura inokura uye electrolyte inogona kugwamba. Electrochemical process inoenderera zvishoma nezvishoma.

Pa -10°C -15°C, bhatiri rakachajwa rinogona kuratidza kuchaja kwe12,9 V. Izvi zvakajairika.

Pa -30 ° C, simba rebhatiri rakaderedzwa kusvika hafu yezita rekukosha. Mhepo inodonha kusvika ku12,4 V pahuwandu hwe1,28 g/cm3. Pamusoro pezvo, bhatiri rinomira kuchaja kubva kujenareta yatova -25°C.

Sezvauri kuona, tembiricha isina kunaka inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda kwebhatiri.

Nekutarisirwa kwakakodzera, bhatiri remvura rinogona kugara makore 5-7. Mumwaka wekupisa, chiyero chechaji uye kusimba kwe electrolyte kunofanirwa kuongororwa kamwechete pamwedzi miviri kusvika mitatu. Munguva yechando, paavhareji tembiricha ye -10 ° C, mutoro unofanirwa kutariswa kanenge kamwe pamavhiki maviri kusvika matatu. Muchando chakanyanya -25 ° C-35 ° C, zvinokurudzirwa kudzosera bhatiri kamwe chete mazuva mashanu ega ega, kunyangwe panzendo dzenguva dzose.