Hupenyu hwedu nemarobhoti. Apo munhu asingagoni kana kuti asingadi

Izwi rekuti "robhoti" rinounza mifananidzo yevakakurumbira Hollywood humanoid manhamba. Nekudaro, kutaura zvazviri, marobhoti anga achitishandira kwemakumi emakore, kazhinji, michina yemagetsi, kwete sezvisikwa zviya zvakarongerwa kuita mamwe mabasa anodzokororwa.

Munyika dzakabudirira (1), marobhoti agara achishandiswa kuita mabasa akawanda ayo vanhu vasingakwanisi kana kuti vasingadi kuita nokuti anonetesa, ane tsvina, ane ngozi kana kuti akaoma zvikuru. Mhando dzemaindasitiri dzinotishandira nhasi dzakasiyana siyana dzemidziyo, kubva kumichina welding zvikamu pamitsetse yegungano kusvika pakubatana nevanhu vari muindasitiri yebasa.

1. Chiyero chekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri munyika dzakasarudzwa (data kubva munaChikunguru 2018)

anogona kushanda maawa 24 pazuva, mazuva manomwe pavhiki, pasina muripo kana zvokudya. Havaneti kana kufinhwa. Vanoita mabasa akawanda nekukurumidza kupfuura vanhu uye nemazvo. Muhupenyu hwemazuva ese, isu dzimwe nguva hatitombocherechedze kuti tiri kubata navo, semuenzaniso, patinoshandisa-checkouts musupamaketi kana kutenga matikiti ezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji. Zvese izvi zvakabatana nekudyidzana nevashandi vebasa.

Zvisinei, kunewo mienzaniso bold robhoti pfungwasekuti, semuenzaniso, chirongwa cheGeneral Electric - mota dzepasi pemvura, dzine marambi eX-ray, dzaizodzora mamiriro emafuta uye gasi mapaipi ari pasi pegungwa (2). Iyi tekinoroji ichabatsira kudzivirira kupera kwepasi pemvura, izvo zvinodhura zvakanyanya kune zvakatipoteredza uye kupisa mabhajeti emakambani. Mapombi emhando iyi yekuisa dzimwe nguva anorara pakadzika kusvika 3 zviuru zvemamita. m, asi pane yakakura uye chiedza chezuva hachisviki.

2. Kuona robhoti rinoratidza pombi dziri pasi pemvura

vaisazotsiva vanhu pano, sezvinoitika, semuenzaniso, mumafekitari. Vachashanda uko munhu asina mukana mudiki - pasi pemvura, pasina mweya, patembiricha isingatsungiririki nezvisikwa zvipenyu. Mapurojekiti akadaro angave ane chekuita nekunze, mamwe mapuraneti, mwedzi nemaasteroid, pamwe nenzvimbo dzakaomarara dzeArctic dzakaongororwa, semuenzaniso, pasina chikonzero chekuisa mungozi hupenyu hwevanoongorora polar.

Basa rinopera, asi idzva rinoonekwa

Zvechokwadi, marobhoti haasi chete zvakanakira nezvayakaipira. Vanewo zvinovakanganisa uye zvavasingakwanisi. Vanoda simba, kuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa. Izvo hazvisi zvakachipa mazviri, uye kuchengetedza kwavo kunodhura zvakanyanya.. Kunyangwe ivo vachigona kuchengeta ruzivo urwu, kurekodha, kuwana uye kudzoreredza ruzivo urwu hakuna kunyatsoita sezvakunoita kuhuropi hwedu. Vanogona kuita basa rekudzokorora kwenguva yakareba, asi havazvioni nenzira iyo vanhu vanozviita.

Parizvino, haagone kushanda chero imwe nzira kunze kwekunge akarongwa. Uye zvirongwa zvavanoshanda pazviri zvinofanirwa kuvandudzwa kuti zvienderane nekuchinja kuri kuda - kuti vadzidze uye vave vakangwara.

Pane dambudziko nekuwedzera kurasikirwa nebasa uye kunetseka pamusoro hurovha huri kuwedzera. Uyezve, pakushandisa michina zvisina tsarukano, vanhu vanogona kunyanya kutsamira pairi, vorasikirwa nemano ekushanda uye kugadzirisa matambudziko vari voga.

Kutya kukuru pamusoro pekuderedzwa kwemabasa kunoratidzika kunge kwakawedzeredzwa. Maererano neongororo ichangobva kuitwa neManpower, (AI) nemarobhoti anogona kuwedzera huwandu hwemabasa sezvaanogadzirwa. kuda unyanzvi hutsva. Muchokwadi, marobhoti emaindasitiri ari kugadzira mamirioni emabasa nhasi, uye achagadzira zvakatowanda mune ramangwana, sekureva kweInternational Federation of Robotics (IFR) nyanzvi mushumo wakabudiswa makore mashoma apfuura.

Vanyori vomushumo vakatsanangura izvozvo marobhoti haanyanyi kunyima vanhu basa sekuvasunungura kubva kune monotonous, monotonous, stressed or just dangerous basa. Mushure mekuchinja kwechirimwa kuenda kukugadzirwa kwemarobhoti, kudiwa kwevashandi vane hunyanzvi hakuperi, asi kunokura. Vashoma vashandi chete ndivo vachatambura.

Nekudaro, iyo yakaoma data inoratidza zvakajeka kuti mabasa ari kupera. Mukupera kwa2017, McKinsey Global Institute yakaburitsa chirevo chaiti kufora kusingadzoreki kweautomation kunogona kucheka mabasa anosvika mamirioni mazana maviri nemakumi matatu muUS chete panosvika 2030.

"Chokwadi ichi ndicho chinhu chiri kupesvedzera ramangwana revashandi," Elliot Dinkin, nyanzvi inozivikanwa yemusika wevashandi, akadaro mumushumo. “Zvisinei, pane zviratidzo zvekuti kukanganisa kwayo kuderedzwa kwemabasa kunogona kuve kushoma pane zvaitarisirwa. Semuenzaniso, kudzingwa kukuru kusvika parizvino kunoratidzika kunge kusiri kukonzerwa nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro, asi nekushanduka kwemusika, kubatanidzwa uye kubhuroka kwakajairika. "

Dinkin anocherekedzawo kuti, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, otomatiki inosimudzira bhizinesi uye nekudaro inokurudzira kukura kwebasa pane kurasikirwa nebasa. Muna 1913, Ford Motor Company yakaunza mutsara wekugadzira motokari, ichideredza nguva yegungano yechikamu chimwe kubva pamaawa gumi nemaviri kusvika paawa nehafu, uye zvichibvumira kuwedzera kukuru kwekugadzirwa. Kubva ipapo, yakawedzera otomatiki uye ... ichiri kuhaya vanhu - muna 2011-2017, huwandu hwemabasa muindasitiri iyi hwakawedzera ne50%. Uyezve, otomatiki yakawandisa inototungamira kumatambudziko nekugadzira manejimendi, ichangoburwa muenzaniso iyo Tesla chirimwa muCalifornia, uko, semukuru wekambani Elon Musk akabvuma, mamwe maitiro akawedzeredzwa nerobhoti.

Robot Housekeeper

Tichazopedzisira tasvika pamhedziso dzakafanana naMusk mudzimba dzedu, nzvimbo dzebasa uye nzvimbo dzekuvaraidza, uko huwandu hwerobhoti hwave huchikura nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura? Chikwata chemarobhoti chichimhanya mhanya mumba neshamwari vacuuming Roomba pamberi, magadzirirwo matsva anogara achiwedzerwa kwavari. Kunyange inodzorwa neinosanganisirwa remote control kana mudziyo we otomatiki hwindo kuchenesa ALBOHES Z5 (3), zvakare yakabatanidzwa neAI, iyo inonyanya kuita kuti zvive nyore kuona mafuremu kana zvimwe zvipingamupinyi pamahwindo.

Imba yeramangwana inowanzofananidzirwa yakazara ne robotic "vashandi". vanazvo chaizvo akachena mumapunga uye kwete pachiitiko che "kucheneswa kukuru", asi nguva dzose, kana pane mhirizhonga uye tsvina. Mubindu vachatitevera nhanho marobhoti emwenje. Uye patinotenga, semuenzaniso, fenicha muIKEA isina kunyatsojeka mirairo yegungano, irobhoti senge Ndiwe ani Bot, yakavakwa paMassachusetts Institute of Technology, iyo Furniture assembly - kunyanya kana akakoka waanoshanda naye kune izvi - anoramba asingatyi. ABOUT kuchengeteka uye kuongorora midziyo yakaita serobhoti ichaitarisira Smart imba yekuchengetedza CARL. Yakagadzirwa neDesign3, inokwanisa kuona shanduko nharaunda ine chekuita nemoto kana kudonha kwemvura, pamwe nekukuzivisa iwe kana mumwe munhu akaedza kupaza. CARL inogona kudzorwa kure uchishandisa smartphone.

Kana tine murindiri akadaro pamba pedu, tinogona kusvetukira kumhenderekedzo yegungwa zvakachengeteka. Uye pairi - kuitira kuti tive nenguva inofadza uye yakachengeteka - iye achatarisira kurongeka DronyX Solarino Robot Vacuum Cleaner (4), iyo inogadzirisa basa rakaoma uye rinopedza nguva jecha kuchenesa. Anogona kuzviita pachiyero che 3. m2 paawa. Iyo inouya nekuwedzera bhatiri paki kuti iwedzere hupenyu hwayo.

Kana isu tichida gadheni, ipapo gadheni rakazvimiririra rinotevera aesthetics. Gardena R80Li mucheki welawn (5). Zviteshi uye madocks ekuchaja kuti utange kucheka yako pazvinenge zvichidikanwa. Apo uswa hurefu hwakakodzera, tinogona, somuenzaniso, kuushandura kuva nhandare yenhabvu. Robhoti richatiitira Nhanho-R, yakaunzwa naNissan pa2018 UEFA Champions League Final, iyo inoyera, kutsanangura uye kuronda mitsetse yenhandare yekutamba.

5. Gardena R80Li robhoti mokucheka uswa

Kana isu tichida chimwe chinhu chekudya kana kunwa "muguta", pamwe isu tichasangana nemarobhoti ipapo anoshanda mukati kugadzirira kofinepo vamwe vangapinzwa basa se bartender yekupa zvinwiwa. Mumwe muenzaniso Cafe Xuyo, maererano nemugadziri, anoziva kubika kofi kubva kubhinzi zviri nani pane barista. Chikepe chechikepe chinonzi Symphony cheMakungwa chinoshandisa muchikepe robhoti bartender Makr Shakr (6) yekusanganisa uye kugovera zvinwiwa muBionic Bar. Yakagadzirwa nemugadziri weItaly mugadziri Carl Ratti uye akavakwa nekambani yake, muchina wemaoko maviri unogona kusanganisa kunenge kusingagumi kupihwa kwemajoka kubva kumabhodhoro akachengetwa pasherufu pamusoro pebhawa. Vatengi vanogona kuisa maodha.

Tichadyira muresitorendi yeMusiki muSan Francisco. hamburger yakagadzirwa nerobhotipasina kupindira kwevanhu. Iyo inoshamisa burger maker inotarisira zvese kubva pakuchekesa mabhanzi kusvika pakuwedzera nyama nezvinonhuhwirira, zvese muhurongwa hwakaoma hunova chiratidziro pachacho. Avo vanoisa odha vanogona kuona chidimbu chese cheburger yakabikwa pamberi pemeso avo. Kana mumwe munhu achida kubika kumba, angave achifarira Moley Robotics mubatsiri wekicheni, yakabudiswa mumagazini yaNdira yeMT, pamwe nemamwe akawanda otomatiki uye semi-otomatiki michina yekubika.

Chekupedzisira, isu tinowedzera kuti maresitorendi eChinese anga achitsiva vashandi vavo nemarobhoti kubvira 2006. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, India yakatangawo yekutanga muChennai Robhoti themed restaurant (7) umo basa rinoitwa zvakanaka.

7. PaRobhoti Theme resitorendi muChennai.

kunwa piritsi

Smart voice vabatsiri kana vatauri vakangwara seAmazon Echo neGoogle Home vari kuwana mukurumbira mudzimba nemumahofisi. Vanogona kuridza mimhanzi yavanofarira, kuita masvomhu, kana kutsvaga pawebhu nezwi rekuraira. Unogona kuzvishandisa kudzora mwenje kana kudhinda gwaro. Zvisinei, pamwe chete nemarobhoti vanoratidza simba ravo.

Midziyo yakawanda uye yakawanda iri kuoneka pamusika, inova musanganiswa weakangwara mubatsiri uye robhoti. Panasonic, semuenzaniso, inopa Robot zai, zvakamira robhoti yekambaniiyo inoshandisa kugadzirwa kwemutauro wechisikigo kunobva panjere dzekugadzira kutaura. Inogona kudzorwa nezwi, kutamba vhidhiyo uchishandisa yakavakirwa-mukati purojekita, uye kunyange kutora chikamu mumitambo inofambidzana. Iyo yakabatana kune network yeWi-Fi, uye nguva nenguva inogadziridzwa software inovandudza mabasa ayo.

robhoti hub (8), yakagadzirwa neKorea LG, inoshandisa Amazon Alexa izwi mubatsiri kuridza mimhanzi uye kupindura mibvunzo, asi kazhinji inobatana netiweki ye LG smart madivayiri akadai sehovhoni kana muchina wokuwachisa. Iyo zvakare ine "chiso" chakatenderera chinogona kuve chidzitiro chekuratidza mifananidzo nemavhidhiyo. Zvakafanana Mickey kubva kuBosch, vachipindura mibvunzo yakaita sekuti "Mamiriro ekunze ari sei nhasi?" uye inogona kudzora yakabatana Bosch midziyo yakadai semadhishi. Kazhinji kazhinji inoshandiswa kutsvaga mabikirwo uchishandisa mirairo yezwi. Mykie ine control screen ine seti yemeso anofamba uye purojekita.

Robhoti UBTtech Lynx anoshandisa Amazon izwi mubatsiri kupindura mibvunzo, asi anogona zvakare kuverenga email uye ane mukana wekuti agone "kutarisa imba" kana pasina munhu. Inogonawo kuona zviso uye kushandura mhinduro dzayo kuti dzienderane nemumwe munhu. Imwe robhoti mubatsiri Pillo (9) inosimbisa utano hwemhuri. Inopa akasiyana maficha, anosanganisira kugovera mishonga zuva rese, kukubatsira iwe kutevera zvirongwa zvekuchengeta, kutevera kudya kwekudya, nezvimwe. Yakashongedzerwa neizwi interface, tekinoroji yekuziva kumeso uye vatauri vemhando yepamusoro.

Mutsara Olly Emotech yakazvipira kudzidza uye kukura kwemunhu kuburikidza nekudyidzana nenhengo dzemhuri. Sokutsanangura kunoita mugadziri, robhoti iri rinoshandisa artificial intelligence system yakafuridzirwa neuropi. Saka nekufamba kwenguva, hapana maviri maOlly marobhoti achafanana.

kutarisira uye kutaurirana

Japan ndiyo inotungamira pasi rose mukushandiswa kunoshanda kwemarobhoti munzvimbo dzese dzehupenyu, kubva kumaresitorendi nemahotera kusvika kumarobhoti ekuchengetedza. Nyanzvi kubva kuNyika yeZuva Rinobuda vanoda kushandisa marobhoti mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda, senge nzvimbo dzekuvaka, kutsiva vashandi vachembera.asi tarisana nezvipingamupinyi uye matambudziko ehunyanzvi ayo asiri nyore kukunda. Takanyora nezve dambudziko iri mune imwe yekupedzisira nyaya dzeMT.

Iko pano iyo inonzi inonzi robotics iri kukura zvakanyanya. . Nechekare, vanhu vakwegura vanogara munzvimbo dzinochengetwa vakwegura munyika ino vanogona kushandisa marobhoti. Otomatiki mhuka dzinovaraidza kubatsira varwere vakaora mwoyo uye avo vanoda kurovedza muviri. Korean Samsung - ine ziso kwete chete pamusika weJapan - yakaratidza mutsara mutsva paCES 2019. marobhoti ane hanya. Mumwe wavo ndiye Boat Careiyo inogona kuita mabasa akati wandei, akadai sekuyeuka nguva yekutora mishonga, kuita seyekutarisisa kurova kwemwoyo uye, kana chimwe chinhu chikatadza, kufonera masevhisi ekukurumidzira.

Robhoti nyowani inopa muindasitiri yekuchengeta ndeye Robear (10), yakagadzirirwa kusimudza murwere akura kubva pamubhedha kuenda muwiricheya. Iri ibasa raToshihara Mukai, musayendisiti anotungamira Robot Sensor Systems Research Group paRiken-SRK Collaborating Center yeHuman-Robot Research.

mhando dzakadaro dzinogadzirwa kwete muAsia chete. Muenzaniso Nadine - basa raProf. Nadia Thalmann anobva kuSwitzerland. Yakagadzirirwa kuva shamwari yevakwegurapamwe chete nevana. Prof. Thalmann anoti kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kusurukirwa ndiwo mamwe ematambudziko makuru anosangana nevanhu vakuru, uye robhoti rake, kunyangwe risiri rekutsiva vadikani, rinogona kuzadza kudiwa kwekushamwaridzana.

Kuseri kwematsotsi uye nemoto, kubva pasi uye kubva kumhepo

Mapurisa enyika dzakawanda ari kutoshandisa marobhoti (drones) kutsvaga matunhu nezvivakwa kuitira kuti aone matsotsi, uye marobhoti anodzorwa ari kure anoshandiswa kutarisa mota kana mapasuru anofungidzirwa. Muchiitiko chekutapwa-kutora uye kusakwanisika kwevashandi vekuchengetedza kuti vaswedere pedyo nenzvimbo yekuvharirwa kwavo, robhoti (drone) inogona kutumirwa kunotora data redhiyo rinozobatsira kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu uye kuita sarudzo. Marobhoti ari kutozviratidza mumamiriro mazhinji ane njodzi kuvanhu.

Order Keeper uye muongorori wekuchengeteka munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji anogona kuva K1, Knightscope robhoti. Munguva yekurwiswa kwegandanga, K1 inopa nzira nyowani yekudzora yekupinda nekubuda mapoinzi. Yakashongedzerwa nemasensa uye scanner kuona vanhu, zvombo uye nemwaranzi. Inotepfenyura mhenyu 360-degree mufananidzo uye inoziva rezinesi mahwendefa. Dhata kubva kurobhoti yekutarisa inofambiswa uye alarm inokonzeresa kana kutyisidzira kwaonekwa.

Firefighters marobhoti haazotsiva, zvirinani haasati, asi anogona kushingaira kutsigira kurwisa moto. Fire Man pfungwa drone (11) inogona kudzima kubva pasi nemhepo. Iyo ine zvikamu zviviri - chigadziko chepasi, chinogona kutungamira mumiriri wekudzimisa moto sevanodzima moto, uye drone inobhururuka inoyangarara kubva mairi ine masilinda ekudzimisa moto. Sezvaungafungidzira, izvi zvinokutendera kuti udzime moto kubva munzvimbo dzine njodzi kune vanodzima moto. Iyo sisitimu yakavakwa naJiankun Zuva uye Kairui Wan.

11. Robhoti fireman

Dimbot irobhoti repasi-rinokambaira "rinoona nemuutsi wakakora" uye rinotungamira boka rekununura. Iyo inoshandisa kupisa kwekufungidzira uye lidar kamera. Yakagadzirwa neEuropean consortium inotungamirwa neÖrebro University muSweden.

Chimwe chinhu chakafanana neSmokeBot MultiScope Milrem Robotics. Munguva ichangopfuura, kambani yemagetsi yekuEstonia yeEnefit yakashandisa motokari yepasi isina munhu kuongorora mugodhi wakavharwa makore gumi apfuura. Yakanga iri yekutarisa mapango munzvimbo iyo, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekuchengetedza sirin'i, inoramba isingasvikike kuvanhu. MultiScope Yakashongedzerwa neakatevedzana e3D lid sensors, dhiziri-yemagetsi hybrid drive uye data kutaurirana kugona. Iyo ine mutoro wekutakura we1650 kg uye yakavhurika dhizaini.

***

Saka-apo munhu asingakwanisi, robhoti inosvina imomo. Uye kwete chete nekuti dzimwe nguva munhu angave kana asingadi, kana kutya, kana kungoda kuona kuti mota ichaita sei panzvimbo.