Kare kare: nhoroondo yeSkoda - Skoda
Unogona here kufungidzira kuti Åkoda ndeimwe yevagadziri vemotokari vekare munyika? Uye zvakadaro! Uyezve, pane imwe nguva kambani yaidzora inenge yese indasitiri yesimbi yeCzechoslovakia uye yakagadzira mota dzemhando yepamusoro zvekuti dzimwe dzese dzaiita sedzakaoma, sebhokisi reTik-Takov. Sezvineiwo, zvese zvakatanga kwete nemota.
Kashoma kuti mutsara wemutengesi unogona kusvinwa mumunhu mumwechete ane chiono. Ipapo taizova vanamwari, uye izvi zvaizoisa mungozi avo “vari mugomo.” Naizvozvo, vanhu vaviri vekutanga vanofanira kusangana, muoni uye mutengesi, kuti nyika ipinduke. Chinhu chakanakisa ndechekuti vakasangana pakupera kwezana ramakore.
Tiri kutaura nezveVaclavs maviri. Mumwe aive nendebvu mumwe aine ndebvu. Mumwe aiva akaunzi, mumwe makanika. Clement naLauryn vakakunda uye muna 1895 vakasarudza kugadzira mabhasikoro. Sei mabhasikoro? Clement akazvitengera bhasikoro reGermania VI, iro rakazova revakadzi zvekuti raityisa kuchovha. Akagadzira yake, yakanyanya kusimba chimiro, icho Laurin akaonga - pamwe chete vakagadzira kambani yeSlavia, iyo yakatanga zvese. Chete kuti hazvina kukwana kugadzira kambani - iwe unofanirwa kupenya nechimwe chinhu.
Lauryn naClement vaivepo. Vakakweverwa kune zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi zvakadaro uye vakagadzira bhizinesi ravo nekukurumidza zvekuti vakwikwidzi vakatanga kurovera misoro yavo kumadziro. Vakahwina makwikwi emabhasikoro, uye rimwe zuva pavakafunga kubatanidza injini kune bhasikoro - bingo! Muna 1898, "mudhudhudhu" wavo wakava mudhudhudhu wekutanga wemazuva ano muEurope yese. Uye izvo hazvisi chinhu - L&K magadzirirwo akatanga kutora chikamu mumakwikwi emotorsport. Mumwe wavo akawana kutungamira kukuru mumusangano weParis-Berlin waida kuti… akadzingwa! Vatongi vakasarudza kuti unicorn yaizomhanya zvikuru pamberi peimba yavo kupfuura mudhudhudhu waizovimbika kudaro. Uye zvakadaro - dhizaini yaive yakasimba chaizvo. Uye kushambadzira kwakadai kwaikwana kuti L&K ifarire vatengesi vematrack maviri kubva kuEurope yese. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kukwana kuti Vaclavs, uye muna 1905 vakasika motokari yokutanga, Voiturette. Zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti kambani yakabva yava mutambi mukuru munyika yemotokari, asi matambudziko akakurumidza kumuka - iyo bhangi account "yaoma".
Makore maviri gare gare, dambudziko rakagadziriswa - kambani yakabatana-stock yakagadzirwa, iyo migove yakatengeswa nokukurumidza kupfuura vana vari mumunda. Pakupedzisira, vazhinji vakada kuzviwanira chimedu chebhizinesi rakasiyana kudaro ivo pachavo. Sezvineiwo, Clement naLauryn havana kumhanyira kumugadziri nemari ndokutenga imba yekurara shanu ine nzvimbo yepink Rottweiler. Pane kudaro, vakakwezva mainjiniya akanakisa, nyanzvi uye vatambi vemitambo kukambani, vakatenga mafekitori madiki akati wandei uye vakawedzera zvakanyanya kupihwa - zvaikwanisika kutenga kwete chete mota dzemitambo, asiwo maLimousine makuru uye SUVs. Magejo anozvifambisa ega nemaroza emumugwagwa aitoonekwa seakanakisa muEurope. Nekudaro, ichi hachisi chinhu, muna 1912 kambani yakapinda mukupenga chaiko.
L&K yakafunga kutenga fekitori yemotokari yeRAF. Uye hazvingashamisi kana RAF isingamiriri imwe yepamusoro-soro yekugadzirwa kweinjini munyika. Panguva iyoyo, zvaive zvakanaka zvekuti, mushure mekutorwa kweL&K, yakava imwe yemakambani mana akapihwa rezinesi neKnight kuunganidza shafts uye kunyange kugadzira iwo. Asi chii chinonzi Knight system chaizvo? Kusvikira pakugadzirwa kwemagetsi anodzorwa anodzora vheji nguva system muma90s, iyi sisitimu yakasimbisa kushanda kweinjini. Inenge yakakwana senge 12-cylinder units - uye iyi yaive 1912. Zvechokwadi, pakuunganidza chinhu ichi chose, chakanga chakaoma zvokuti mushure mevhiki yekuunganidza zvikamu zvakadaro, unogona kutenga Neurosis, asi chinhu chikuru apa chaiva mukurumbira. Munguva yehondo, zviri pachena kuti kambani haina kumisa kugadzirwa kwemotokari, kunyangwe yainyanya kutarisisa kugadzirwa kwemarori. Hondo yapera, akatotanga kushanda painjini dzendege, asi dambudziko nderekuti hapana chaaiziva nezvazvo. Nekudaro, kudzidziswa muFrance uye rezinesi remasimba ane 3-mutsara 12-cylinder Lorraine-Dietrich zvikamu zvaive zvakakwana kuti L&K ijoine akanakisa, nekuti vaive ne12-cylinder injini yaitengeswa. Mwari vari munzvimbo yakachengeteka. Asi kunyangwe iyo yakanakisa nyaya inofanira kuparara rimwe zuva. Muna 1925, dambudziko rehupfumi rakarova nyika, uye L & K vaifanira kuzviponesa neimwe nzira. Uye fungidzira chii? Izvi zvakave zvinogoneka nekuda kwekubatana neyechipiri Czechoslovak hofori - Åkoda.
Iwe unogona kufungidzira kuti kambani yeCody yaiziva nezvekugadzirwa kwemotokari zvakanyanya semukomana wevana. Hongu, akaedza kugadzira motokari pasi perezinesi, asi basa rake guru raiva simbi uye makanika. Fekitori yakavambwa muna 1859 maererano nemirairo yaCount Waldstein, uye kuti muoni aive nezvakawanda zvakafanana sePoland nemabhiriyoni muakaundi, saka mushure memakore gumi pamusika, yakangoparara. Ipapo ndipo apo fekitari yakatengwa nomutungamiriri wayo wokupedzisira, wechiduku ane makore 10 okukura Emil Akoda.
Zviri pachena kuti aiva muoni. Akaona zvakawanda kupfuura kungonyunguduka kwesimbi. Panguva iyoyo indasitiri inorema yakanga ichikura, saka Emil akatanga kuedza kushandisa pan-steel. Mukuwedzera, akabudisa pfuti, mafekitari, uye gare gare zvose zvinotumirwa uye kufambisa kwezvikepe. Ma turbines ake emvura akatoiswa kuNiagara Falls - kupinda kwakadai pakutanga kuchiri kunakidza nanhasi. Muna 1899, Åkoda yakashandurwa kuita kambani, uye gore rakatevera kuita kunetseka, nekuti Emil akafa. Munguva yehondo, seL&K, yaive mukugadzirwa kweinjini dzendege, uye yakazopihwa marezinesi emotokari. Akaramba achitora makambani madiki akati wandei nemafekitori, kudzamara azosangana nehofori yechipiri - L&K.
Kubatanidzwa kwakabatsira vese Laurin & Klement naKod. Iyo kambani yakashandura zita rayo kuita Åkoda Group ikava mutambi akakomba pamusika. Muna 1930, iyo ASAP kambani yakatobuda kubva mukunetseka, iyo basa, muchidimbu, raingova kugadzirwa kwemotokari. Uye akanga achiita zvakanaka. Apo, muna 1934, kambani yakasarudza kusunungura motokari isingadhuri yaigona kutengwa pasina kukanganisa nadhiyabhorosi, pasi pekodhi 418 Yakakurumbira, musika wakapenga. Mamwe mabhureki eCzechoslovakian akadai saTatra, Prague neAero aive achiri kushanda, asi vangango shandura pasi kuti Joda chete asaatore - uye aifarira kuzviita. Kubudirira kwekambani kwakavhiringidzwa nekutanga kweHondo Yenyika II.
Vakuru vemauto vakadzvanya mukodhi yekutungamira uye vakachinja chimiro chekambani kuita mauto. Imwe nzira kana imwe, tinogona kutaura zvakachengeteka kuti kupinda kweCzech Republic kwakaitika chaizvo kuti vatore kambani. Ichokwadi - indasitiri yeGerman yaive nenguva yakaoma pamberi pekubatana kweL&K-Å koda, yaive senge blade yepurasitiki inopokana nesando yepneumatic, saka kuwana zvese izvi zvaingodiwa kukunda Europe nenyika. Ehe, boka racho rakaramba richigadzira mota, nekuti Czech Republic haina kunyanya kutora chikamu muhutsinye, asi kubva zvino zvichienda mberi indasitiri yemauto yakava basa guru rekambani. Zvakanaka, pakanga pasina chimwe chekuita kunze kwekumirira - kusvika 1946.
Czechoslovakia yakabatanidzwa zvakare uye humambo hweAkode hwakakurumidza kudzorerwa uye hwakatorwa nehupfumi hwemagariro. Yakashandura zita rayo kuita AZNP uye ikava dambudziko rehurumende, kunyange zvazvo kutarisa kwakaramba kuri pane zvisiri zvekugadzira motokari. MuEastern Bloc, izvi zvaive zvakanyanyisa. Mumakore ekuma40, hapana imwe yemhando itsva yakasikwa, vagadziri chete, sevanhu vane hanya, vakagadzira mapurogiramu matsva, umo, pakupedzisira, hapana aifarira zvakadaro uye haana kuona kusiyana kukuru pakati pavo nepepa rechimbuzi. Nekuti ndaisada kuona. Chiedza mumugero chakaonekwa muna 1953. Mubvunzo chete ndewekuti, uku ndiko kwaive kupera kwemugero here, kana kuti pamwe kupindirana kwaimhanya kwakananga kuAkod?
Kwakanga kusiri kusangana. Iyo kambani yakazoburitsa Coda Spartak nyowani, uye muna 1959 iyo Octavia. Iyo yekupedzisira yakakonzera mhirizhonga mumusika zvekuti kushanya kwaSophia Loren kuPoland hakurevi chinhu kwaari - kambani zvishoma nezvishoma yakatanga kudzokera kumusoro zvakare. Kusvika pakupera kwema80s, mutsara waigara uchiwedzera, nyeredzi dzakadai seye 1000MB modhi, iyo 100, 120 uye 130 dzakatevedzana dzakagadzirwa - imwe nguva yapfuura taivaona mumigwagwa yedu. Mota dzemhando iyi dzakava hunhu mune imwe nzira - dzaive limousine ine injini yekumashure. Mukupera kwema80s, hapana akagadzira zvigadzirwa zvakadaro, izvo zvakaita kuti Åkoda ave yepakutanga pane izvi. Ipapo ndipo apo "velvet revolution" yakagumisa nguva yesocialist muCzechoslovakia, uye iyo Åkoda Favorit yakazopinda mukuita. Injini yepamberi, vhiri remberi, mutengo unonzwisisika, Bertone dhizaini - yaifanira kutengeswa. Uye yakatengeswa, chete mushure mekuparadzwa kwekunetseka nehupfumi hwehupfumi hwekugara kwenguva refu, yakanga isina kukwana.
Chishuwo chemusikana chero upi zvake wekuwana rutivi rwakanaka. Skoda akatevera zano iri uye akawana Volkswagen muna 1991. Asi, Volkswagen yakawana. Ndipo pakazoshanduka zvese. Mikana, maitiro ekugadzira, mafekitori, zvishandiso - Åkoda chaive chigadzirwa chaive ne "muviri" mu90s, asi akarangarira Austria-Hungary se "mweya" - Volkswagen ichangoimutsa. Zvigumisiro hazvina kumirira kwenguva refu - Felicia akapinda mumutsara wegungano muna 1995, asi kubudirira kukuru kwekutanga kwaifanira kumirira rimwe gore. Yakanga iri nguva iyo Octavia yakapinda mumusika, yakavakirwa pahwaro hweVW Golf IV. Vanhu vakamhanyira kwaari - akaunganidza mibairo yakawanda, akaona shanduro dzinoverengeka, uye makwikwi akatanga kuhaya vafemberi vane pendulum kuti vatumire denda kumafekitari eEgipita. Pasina - muna 1999, nekuda kweFabia muduku, kutarisira kwakawedzera. Volkswagen yaiziva kuti nekutora brand, yakagara nhaka yevamwe vakarasika asi nyanzvi dzinoshamisa, saka akapa kambani yekutanga purojekiti huru.
Lkoda aifanira kugadzira pasi nyowani yeFabia, Polo uye Ibiza mumba. Izvo hazvina kuitwa nenzira iyo, saka zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti mushure mekugamuchira purojekiti, zviremera zveVolkswagen zvimwe zvakaenda pachiitiko chekubatanidza chakatsamwa - dhizaini yakazova yakakwana. Mushure mepurojekiti, Åkoda akapihwa rusununguko rwakakwana rwekuita mukugadzira nekugadzirwa kweshanduro itsva. Akashandisa zvakasununguka zvigadzirwa zveVolkswagen, izvo dzimwe nguva zvaipa pfungwa yokuti vatorwa vakanga vari kushanda pavari. Nekuda kweizvi, akave hanzi anokandira mazai egoridhe, uye, kunyangwe nedambudziko rakakura rakaitika, anoramba achigadzira mota. Yaive nyaya yakanaka, nekuda kwekuti makore anopfuura zana apfuura Clement aisada bhasikoro rake idzva rekuGerman...
