Zvombo zvitsva zveChinese uye dziviriro yemhepo Vol. Poshi

Rocket kuvhurwa kubva kune yekutanga yeHQ-9 system. Kumashure kune antenna ye multifunctional radar station.

Dziviriro yemhepo yePeople's Liberation Army yeChina, pamwe chete nezvombo nemidziyo yekudzivirira yemhepo inogadzirwa neindasitiri yekudzivirira yeChina ine ziso kune vanogamuchira kunze kwenyika, ichiri chinyorwa chinozivikanwa. Muna 1949, pakavambwa People's Republic of China, pakanga pasina dziviriro yemhepo yeChinese zvachose. Mabhatiri mashoma epfuti dzinorwisa ndege dzeJapan dzakasara munzvimbo yeShanghai neManchuria dzakanga dzisina kukwana uye dzisingachashandi, uye mauto eguomintango akatora midziyo yawo kuenda kuTaiwan. Iwo mauto edziviriro emhepo ePeople's Liberation Army yeChina aimiririra zvese muhuwandu uye hwemhando, uye aisanganisira zvakanyanya pfuti dzeSoviet dzinorema uye pfuti isati yatanga.

Kuwedzera kwedziviriro yemhepo yemauto echiChinese akakwidziridzwa neHondo yeKorea, iyo kuwedzera kwayo munzvimbo yeChina yairatidzika kunge ingangoita. Nokudaro, USSR yakakurumidza kupa artillery uye radar midziyo yekuona chinangwa uye kutonga moto. Mangwanani-ngwanani, muna 1958-1959, mauto ekutanga e-anti-aircraft missile squadrons akaonekwa muChina - aya aiva mashanu eSA-75 Dvina complexes, ayo aitungamirirwa nevashandi veSoviet. Nechekare muna Gumiguru 7, 1959, ndege yeRB-11D yekucherekedza, iyo yakasimuka kubva kuTaiwan, yakapfurwa nepfuti ye57D yechirongwa ichi padyo neBeijing. Mwedzi mitanhatu chete gare gare, musi waMay 1, 1960, ndege yeU-2 yaitungamirirwa naFrancis G. Powers yakapfurwa pamusoro peSverdlovsk muUSSR. Mumakore akatevera, mamwe mashanu maU-2 akapfurwa pamusoro peChina.

Launcher HQ-9 munzvimbo yakashongedzwa.

Pasi pechibvumirano chekubatana kwehunyanzvi chakasainwa muna Gumiguru 1957, PRC yakagamuchira magwaro akazara ekugadzirwa kwe11D inotungamirwa mabhomba uye SA-75 radar midziyo, asi isati yatanga kugadzirwa mumafekitori akavakwa nenyanzvi dzeSoviet, hukama hwezvematongerwo enyika pakati penyika mbiri idzi hwakadzikira zvakanyanya, uye mu 1960 dzakatyorwa chaizvo, izvo zvakakonzera, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kubviswa kwevashandi veSoviet, kumwe kubatana kwaive kunze kwemubvunzo. Naizvozvo, dzimwe sarudzo dzekuvandudza kweiyo SA-75 system, iyo S-125 Neva system, kana nzira yekudzivirira-ndege missile yekudzivirira kwemauto epasi, yakaitwa muUSSR muhafu yekutanga ye60s, haina kuenda. kuChina. -75 pasi pezita rekuti HQ-2 (HongQi - Red Banner) yakatanga chete mumakore makumi manomwe (kugamuchirwa zviri pamutemo kuita basa kwakaitika muna 70) uye kusvika pakupera kwema1967s uye 80s ndiyo chete mhando yeanorwisa-ndege missile system yakashandiswa mukati. mauto makuru ekudzivirira kwemhepo CHALV. Iko hakuna data rakavimbika pamusoro pehuwandu hwemasisitimu (squadron kits) akagadzirwa, maererano neiyo data iripo, pakanga paine anopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu avo (anenge 90 ekutanga).

Kana pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi50 tsigiro yeanorwisa-ndege missile masisitimu, akagadzirwa muUSSR pakati pemakore makumi mashanu uye akagadzirwa kubva 1957, akapupurira kupererwa kwekudzokera shure kwePeople's Liberation Army yeChina, ipapo mamiriro ezvinhu mumunda. zvekudzivirirwa kwemhepo kwemauto epasi zvakapotsa zvasuruvarisa. Kusvika pakupera kwema80s, pakanga pasina zvemazuva ano zvigadziriso zveatillery muOPL yeGround Forces yeCHALV, uye makopi eSoviet Strel-2M (KhN-5) aive akanyanya kurwisa zvombo. Zvishoma zvemazuva ano michina yaingova HQ-7 yekuvhura, i.e. yakagadzirwa kubva muhafu yechipiri ye80s semugumisiro we "chinyararire" kuendesa rezinesi reFrance kuCrotale. Zvisinei, vakanga vari vashomanene zvikuru vavo. Pakutanga, maitiro mashomanana chete akaunzwa kubva kuFrance akashandiswa, uye kugadzirwa kwemaclones avo pamwero mukuru kwakatanga chete pakupera kwe80s uye 90s, i.e. anenge makore makumi maviri mushure meiyo French prototype.

Kuedza kuzvimiririra kugadzira masisitimu ekurwisa ndege kazhinji kwakapera nekutadza, uye chakasara chaive KS-1 system, iyo zvombo zvinokandwa zvinogona kutorwa sechinhu chiri pakati peAmerican HAWK system uye nhanho yechipiri ye11D roketi yeSA -75. Yekutanga KS-1s yainzi yakavakwa mu80s (yekutanga kupfura ichaitika muna 1989), asi kugadzirwa kwavo kwakatangwa chete muna 2007 uye mune zvishoma.

Mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja zvakanyanya mushure mekutangazve kwekubatana kwemauto-technical neUSSR, uyezve neRussian Federation mukupera kwema80. Iyo S-300PMU-1 / -2 uye Tor-M1 complexes, iyo inotakurwa nechikepe S-300FM, pamwe neShtil uye Shtil-1 ine 9M38 uye 9M317E makomba akatengwa ipapo. China yakapawo rutsigiro rwemari mukugadzirwa kwe9M317M/ME vertical-launch missile yeShtil-1 neBuk-M3 masisitimu. Nemvumo yakanyarara yedivi reRussia, ese akakopwa (!) Uye kugadzirwa kwemaitiro avo, akawanda kana mashoma akafanana neSoviet / Russian yepakutanga, yakatangwa.

Mushure memakumi emakore e "kuzvidzora" mumunda wekuvaka anti-ndege masisitimu uye makombora akanangana navo, mumakore gumi apfuura, PRC yakagadzira huwandu hukuru hwadzo - zvakanyanya kupfuura njere uye chero zvepamba uye zvekunze zvinodiwa zvinoraira. Pane zvakawanda zvinoratidza kuti mazhinji acho haana kugadzirwa-zhinji, kunyangwe pachiyero chidiki. Zvechokwadi, hazvigoni kutongerwa kuti kuchine nguva yakareba yekuvandudza zvigadziriswa uye kusarudza zvivako zvinonyanya kuvimbiswa uye izvo zvakakodzera maererano nezvinodiwa zveFALS.

Parizvino, mumutsara wechikamu cheindasitiri yezvidziviriro kune HQ-9 complexes - makopi eS-300PMU-1, HQ-16 - "yakaderedzwa S-300P" ine 9M317 makomba, uye munguva pfupi yapfuura zvakare yekutanga HQ-22 makomba. Iyo KS-1 neHQ-64 zvakare ishoma kwazvo inoshandiswa. Kudzivirirwa kwemhepo kwemauto epasi kunoshandisa HQ-17 - makopi e "Tracks" uye akawanda anotakurika ekutanga emarudzi akati wandei.

Mukana wakanakisa wekuziva zvitsva zveChinese air defense ihoro dzekuratidzira muZhuhai, dzakarongwa makore maviri ega ega uye kubatanidza aero-rocket-space kuratidzwa kwezviitiko zvepasirese nemazita akafanana ane kuratidzwa kwakakura kwezvombo zvemarudzi ese. mauto. Kutenda kune iyi mbiri, huwandu hwese hwezvombo zvekurwisa ndege hunogona kuunzwa munzvimbo imwechete, kubva kune yekare artillery, kuburikidza neroketi zvombo, radar zvishandiso, uye kupera neakasiyana anti-drones, kusanganisira kurwisa lasers. Dambudziko chete nderekuona kuti ndeapi magadzirirwo emidziyo atove mukugadzirwa, ayo ari kuongororwa kwakakura mumunda, uye ndeapi prototypes kana tekinoroji varatidziri. Mamwe acho anounzwa muchimiro cheakawanda kana mashoma akareruka marongero, izvo zvisingareve kuti hapana anoshanda analogues.