Operation Dragoon
Kumhara kumaodzanyemba kweFrance kwakanga kusiri kushamisa sezvakaita kumhara pamahombekombe eNormandy. Kupikisa kweGermany kwakanga kwakaderera zvikuru pano.
Hatizive zvachose nezvekumhara kumaodzanyemba kweFrance muna Nyamavhuvhu 15, 1944, sechikamu cheOperation Dragoon, ichiteverwa nezviito zvinogumbura ne6th Army Group, iyo yakasunungura ruzhinji rweFrance. Uyu muenzaniso wekukunda kunoshamisa kweAllied uko kwakaita kuti Germany ikundwe kwekupedzisira. Kuvhiya kwacho kwaisanganisira mauto eAmerica, British, French neCanada.
Mamiriro ekuvhiya akanga ari mukuenzanisa kusvika panguva yekupedzisira. Zvose izvi zvakakonzerwa nekukakavadzana pakati pevarongi veBritain neAmerica pamusoro pezvekuita. MaAmerican akasimbirira kumhara kwekutanga kuchamhembe kweFrance uye nekuwedzera kwakasimba kwekugumbura mumoyo weGermany. VaBritish vakasarudza kudeura muvengi munzvimbo dzechipiri dzehondo, kwete kukurumidza kuparadza Third Reich. Zvaive zvakakoshawo kuchengetedza zvido zveBritish muMediterranean. Chiroto chaChurchill chaive chekumhara muBalkan kuitira kudzivirira USSR kupinda munzvimbo iyi. MaBritish akabudirira kunyengetedza vanhu vekuAmerica kuti vamhanye kuNorth Africa muna Mbudzi 1942 ndokuzomhara muSicily muna Chikunguru 1943. Kubva ipapo, veAmerica vaida kuendesa mazhinji emauto avo kuBritain uye pakupedzisira kurwisa kuchamhembe kweFrance. Mukuru wemauto eUnited States, General George C. Marshall, akafunga kufambira mberi kweFrance muGermany senzira inokurumidza kukunda muvengi.
Muchirimo cha1943, zvakava pachena kuti kurwiswa kweWestern Europe kwaisagona kuitika muchirimo cha1944. simba rekupinda nechisimba uye kugona kwavo kusvika pamwero waizobvumira kugadzira kumberi kwakakura mukondinendi yeEurope. Kumirira kwenguva refu kwakadaro kwakanga kusingagamuchirwi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda, taifanira kurwa nguva dzose. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvakakonzera kuti Mutungamiri weAmerica Franklin D. Roosevelt vabvume kubvuma kupihwa kweBritish kuti vamhanye muItaly. Pasinei nekupikisa kwevakuru vevashandi veAmerica, avo vasina kuona pfungwa yakawanda mune izvi.
Muchirimo cha1944, izvo zvaidiwa nevaAmerica uye izvo Stalin akasimbirira zvakazorongwa - kumhara kuchamhembe kweFrance kuyambuka English Channel. Nechekare kubva kuQuebec Conference (August 17-24, 1943), mukuwirirana nokumhara kuchamhembe kweFrance, kumhara kwebetsero kumaodzanyemba kweFrance kwakarongwa. Chinangwa chekuvhiya uku kwaive kutsausa mauto eGerman kubva kuuto guru rekumhara kuchamhembe, pamwe nekutora zviteshi izvo zvaigonekawo kupa zvinhu kumauto ari kurwa muFrance.
Kugovera mauto akashongedzerwa aidiwa kuti aite zviito zvinogumbura panzvimbo yakakura kudaro sezvakarongwa muFrance rakanga riri dambudziko guru. Izvi zvaida zvakajeka chiteshi chengarava chakakura chine hunyanzvi hwakakwana uye michina yekubata zvakanaka. Munharaunda yeChirungu Channel, Le Havre neBrest chete ndizvo zvaive zviteshi zvakadaro, asi mikana yekuvaisa munzvimbo yakagadzirira-kushandisa yaive midiki. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvaive zvakakodzera kuvimba nezviteshi zvidiki zvakaita seCalais, Cherbourg, Saint-Malo uye Dunkirk. Uye avo, zvakare, havana kukwanisa kutora vanhu vakawanda uye kutakura sezvaidiwa kune boka guru revarwi vaiverenga mauto akawanda, vachifunga kuti izvi zviteshi zvinogona kuparadzwa kusvika pamwero wakati. Naizvozvo, zvakaonekwa sechinhu chakakosha kuburutsa bhodhoro iri kuburikidza nezviteshi zvekumaodzanyemba kweFrance. Chimwe chinhu ndechokuti chikamu chemauto mugungwa reMediterranean, kunyanya uto guru reFrance raibva Kuchamhembe kweAfrica, rakanga rakaoma kutakura kuenda kuGreat Britain, uye zviri nyore kumhara kumaodzanyemba kweFrance.
Mumatsutso a1943, kuodzwa mwoyo nekufambira mberi kunononoka kwemushandirapamwe weItaly kwakakonzera kubviswa kwekutora chikamu muOperation Anvil, sekudaidzwa kwaiitwa kumaodzanyemba kweFrance. Kumberi muItaly kwaida masimba akawanda, uye zvirongwa zvekushanda zvakagadziridzwa zvine hurongwa. Pane imwe nguva, zvaitofungidzirwa kuita kurwisa kwekutsauka chete nemauto eboka rimwe. Kurwa pakati pevabatsiri pamusoro pezano uye kumwe kuedza kusunda kuburikidza nekugumbura muBalkan panguva yemusangano muCairo (USA - UK - China, Mbudzi 22-26, 1943) uye muTehran (USA - UK - USSR, Mbudzi 28 - Zvita 1, 1943 d.) r.), zvakare yakakonzera kukakavara. Zvisinei, zvakasarudzwa zvichitsigira kuchengetedza hurongwa hwekumhara hweNormandy muna May 1944 uye panguva imwe chete kana kuti gare gare kumhara kumaodzanyemba kweFrance, munharaunda yeToulon-Marseille.
