Zvombo - Maonero 2040

Ko zana ramakore rechiXNUMX richange rakaita sei mumauto makuru pasirese? Zvakaoma kufanotaura zvichaitika muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore, asi zvakakosha kuti titarise matekinoroji achapinda kana kushandiswa mumakore mashoma anotevera, kunyanya muuto reUS, iro rinoisa gwara. rudzi rwemasimba.

Zvombo zvenguva yemberi inyaya inofadza. Nekudaro, kana tichitaura nezve mhando nyowani dzezvombo, isu tinowanzo kuwira mune yakachena fungidziro ine zvishoma zvekuita neazvino tekinoroji kugona. Ndosaka Hurukuro yedu mumushumo uyu ichagumira kumakumi maviri emakore anotevera - ndiko kuti, mapurojekiti ari kunyatsoshanda nemauto ekutsvagisa uye izvo zvingangozoguma nemhinduro izvo panosvika 2040 zvichave chiyero mumauto makuru.

Kupfuura F-35

Nezve mapurojekiti akati wandei emauto emazuva ano munyika - iyo yeAmerica - zvinogona kutaurwa kuti 99% yavo ichaumba simba rayo uye kukosha kwayo pamusoro pechikamu chinotevera chezana ramakore.

Zvamazvirokwazvo ndezvavo B-21 Raider -American low-visibility bhomba yakagadzirwa neNorthrop Grumman sechikamu chechirongwa (LRS-B). Zvinoenderana nefungidziro, iyo B-21 inofanirwa kutakura zvese zvakajairika zvombo uye zvombo zvenyukireya. Kugadzirira kurwa kwekutanga kunorongwa pakati pemakore 20. Mukuwedzera, pfungwa yekushandura Raider kubva mumotokari ine vanhu mumotokari inosarudzwa inofungidzirwawo. Ndege itsva inofanira kutsiva yekare mabhomba muUS Strategic Aviation. B-52 i B-1BKuenda pamudyandigere kwaro kwakarongerwa makumi mana Kudanwa B-40 kunofanirwa kuratidza kuti ichave yekutanga bhomba yezana ramakore rechi21.

nyangwe F-35C (1), kureva, iyo US Navy vhezheni yeT-6 yakasvika kugadzirira kwekutanga kushanda gore rino, US Navy iri kutofunga nezve purojekiti nyowani. Ichave yeUS Navy XNUMX+ chizvarwa chinobhururuka murwi chakasarudzwa F / A-XXiyo, zvisinei, haizovakwa kusvikira 2035. Munguva ino, kuchinjwa kwevarwi vezvikepe kunoratidzika kudiwa. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoratidza kuti ma glider, anga ari pabasa kubva munenge muna 2035. F / A-18E / F Super Hornet zvino ivo vachava mumugariro wakashata. Kungoti muganho wavo wekushandisa zviri pamutemo maawa matanhatu. Avhareji yezera rezvikepe zvevarwi ava inofungidzirwa pamakore makumi maviri nemashanu. Imwe "antique" dhizaini haichakodzeri vatakuri vendege itsva.

Mwedzi mishoma yapfuura, Lockheed Martin akabvuma zviri pamutemo kuti bazi rayo risinganzwisisike uye rine mukurumbira pasi rose Skunk Works (hofisi yezvirongwa zveteknolojia yepamusoro) - kushanda pane anotsiva kuchitendero SR-71 Nhema. Parizvino, muchina uyu unonzi nemainjiniya se SR-72. Kunyange chirongwa chese chiri chakavanzika, isu tinoziva zvishoma - muratidziri wekutanga wetekinoroji (inofungidzirwa kusvika bhiriyoni imwe yemadhora mukuvakwa) yakaonekwa mumatenga pamusoro pePalmdale, California. Maererano nekunetseka, motokari itsva ichakwanisa kufamba pasina matambudziko nekumhanya kusvika ku1 km / h. Kusiyana neSR-7500, ichave isina kunyorwa, iyo inofanirwa kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuchengetedzwa kwendege uye kuita kuti zvive nyore kuita misheni ine njodzi. Nekuda kwekushandiswa kweiyo inotevera vhezheni yetekinoroji, ichave isingaonekwe kune radar. Nekudaro, zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezve dhiraivha, kunyangwe kazhinji pane zviri kuitika zvitsva.

Basa rekugadzira ndege rakatanga makore mana apfuura. Iyo purojekiti inoitwa mukubatana kwepedyo nemainjiniya kubva kuDefence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). zvinotarisirwa zuva rekupinda mutsivi weBlackbird mubasa rakapoteredza 2030., zvisinei, ndege dzekutanga dzemuchina wakapedzwa dzinofanira kuitika muna 2021-2022.

Aya haasi ese akavanzika Lockheed Martin mapurojekiti. Kunetsekana kuri kushandawo kune vachatsiva U-2, F-117 visa. i B-2. Akazivisa hurongwa hwake muna Kubvumbi pamusangano weAerotech muTexas, uye munaGunyana, achipa firimu nezve 75th anniversary yeSkunk Works, yakaratidza mifananidzo inomiririra pfungwa nyowani dzekurwa. ndege. Paive nemaanimation airatidza zviono zvechizvarwa chechitanhatu air superiority fighters, i.e. angangotsiva F-22 Raptor - dhizaini ine yakawedzera flatten silhouette uchichengetedza marongerwo eiyo airframe.

Kunze kwekondinendi yeAmerica, tsvakurudzo iri kuenderera mberi pamusoro pevarwi vechizvarwa chechitanhatu. muRussia - zvisinei nekuti kuvakwa kwemurwi wechizvarwa chechishanu hakuna kupera ipapo (Su-57) Iyo Sukhoi Dhizaini Bureau yakagadzira ekutanga dhizaini zvirongwa zvemichina mitsva gore rapfuura. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mapurogiramu ose achashanda pamwe chete, tichifunga kushandiswa kweimwe mhinduro itsva mundege yepasi, kusvika pa "5+" level.

Twin rotor uye bapiro rinoshandurwa

Muna Kubvumbi, makambani ekudzivirira The Boeing Company neSikorsky Aircraft Corporation vakaratidza pfungwa yekurova vhezheni yeherikoputa paYouTube. SB-1 Defiant (2). Ivo vanopihwa kumauto semhuri yeakawanda-chinangwa helicopters yeramangwana, mune yekurova vhezheni sevatsivi. AH-64 Apache. Dhizaini yeshanduro yekufambisa yeSB-1 Defiant, inokurudzirwa semutsivi kumhuri UH-60 Black Hawk, yakatangwa pakati pe 2014. Sezvakaita shanduro yepakutanga, iyo itsva zvakare helikopta ine maviri makuru rotor (a coaxial twin rotor system ine counter-inotenderera rigid propellers) uye pusher propeller.

Boeing-Sikorsky inopa makwikwi - inokurumidza modhi yakagadzirwa V-280 Kukosha (3) kubva kuBell Helicopter, iyo yakapa US Army motokari mune yakasiyana zvachose configuration - kufanana chizvarwa chechitatu kupeta-bapiro ndege. Muenzaniso wakazara weiyi modhi yakavhurwa nguva pfupi yadarika kuAmarillo Assembly Center muTexas. Iyo V-280 Valor ichave yakashongedzerwa nekatatu mbiri mbiri yemagetsi control system, butterfly muswe, mapapiro akamiswa uye giya rekumhara rinodzoreka.

3. Kuona kusimba kweV-280

Huremu hwepamusoro hwekubvisa huremu hunosvika 13 kg uye iyo yakanyanya kumhanya inosvika 680 km/h. Muchina uyu uchakwanisa kutakura mauto anosvika gumi nerimwe, uye vashandi vachave nevatyairi vendege uye matekiniki maviri. Iyo radius yekuita inodarika 520 km. Impact vhezheni yetiltrotor, yakasarudzwa se AV-280, nezvombo mumakamuri emukati uye pachipfuramabwe chekunze (zvombo zvinokandwa), pamwe chete nediki-saizi drones. Mumuchina mutsva, ma rotors chete pachawo anotenderera, uye mota dzinoramba dziri munzvimbo yakatwasuka, iyo inosiyanisa dhizaini kubva kune inozivikanwa. V-22 Ospreya, ndege inoyangarara ine mapapiro akawanda kubva kuBell neBoeing. Maererano nenyanzvi, izvi zvinorerutsa dhizaini yemuchina uye inofanirwa kuwedzera kuvimbika kwayo kana ichienzaniswa neyakatangira.

Zvikepe zvisina kumbovapo

Futuristic USS Zumwalt anga achituhwina kubva 2015 (4). Uyu ndiye muparadzi mukuru weUS Navy - kureba kwayo 180 metres, uye uremu hwayo (panyika) ndeye 15 zviuru. inzwi. Pasinei nehukuru hwayo, nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwakakosha kwehutambo hwemhando, pa radar hairatidzike yakakura kudarika chikepe chehove.

4. USS Zumwalt munyaya dzechiteshi

Ngarava inocherechedzwa mune dzimwe nzira dzakawanda zvakare. Kugonesa zvigadziriso zvepa-board, zvigadziriso zvemicrogrid () zvakashandiswa, zvichibva pane yakangwara simba rekugovera sisitimu kubva kune akasiyana akagoverwa masosi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti simba rinodiwa pakushandisa masisitimu ekufambisa, zvishandiso uye zvombo zvechikepe hazvibvi kune jenareta, asi kubva kune ese. ma turbines emhepo, jenareta gasi rechisikigo, etc. Ngarava inotyairwa neviri Rolls-Royce Marine Trent-30 gas turbines. Iyo zvakare ine 78 MW yekukurumidzira injini yedhiziri.

Kirasi DDG-1000 Zumwalt Idzi ngarava dzakagadzirirwa kushanda pedyo negungwa. Zvichida, mune ramangwana, tekinoroji dzemagetsi dzisina waya dzichashandiswa kuvasimbisa. Kusvika pari zvino, tsananguro yeprojekiti inosimbisa chete kusiyanisa kwesimba masosi nekusimbisa kune "akachena" masosi.

Zumwalt inovhura kirasi nyowani yezvikepe zvemugungwa pamwe nemaitiro matsva ekuvaka ngarava dzehondo. Startpoint, timu yakaumbwa neBritish Royal Navy uye Ministry of Defense yemuno, yakagadzira chirongwa ichi mumakore achangopfuura. Dreadnought T2050 (5). Hazvisi zvisinganzwisisiki kuti chivakwa chacho chakanyatsobatanidzwa neAmerican Zumwalt. SeZumwalt, yaive yakashongedzerwa nzvimbo yekumhara. Zvakare zvakapihwa hangariyo inogara zvikopokopo zvakakura zvine vanhu. Kumashure kuchange kuine chiteshi chezvikepe chemotokari dzepasi pemvura dzisingagari. T2050 inofanirawo kunge yakashongedzerwa.

5. Dreadnought T2050 - preview

Kirasi itsva yepasi pemvura

MunaGunyana, US Navy yakapa kondirakiti kuGeneral Dynamics Electric Boat kugadzira nekuvaka chizvarwa chinotevera chehunyanzvi chenyukireya yepasi pemvura inokwanisa kutakura. zvombo zvinokandwa. Ndiwo matangiro azvinoita Columbia program, iyo inofanirwa kutungamira mukuvakwa kwevatevedzeri (ikozvino gumi nevaviri) kune Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines iri kushandiswa parizvino. Mukati megadziriro yacho, kunyanya, basa rekugadzira uye kuvandudzwa kwezvikamu, tekinoroji uye prototypes yehunyanzvi hutsva hunoyangarara huchatanga. MaAmerican anosimbisa kuti Great Britain iri kutorawo chikamu muchirongwa ichi.

"y," anodaro Munyori weNavy Richard W. Spencer. Sekureva kweColumbia chirongwa maneja Rear Admiral David Goggins, chikamu chekugadzira uye chekuendesa chinogona kutanga kutanga kwa2021.

Hurongwa hwese huchada mari inosvika mabhiriyoni zana emadhora. Urongwa hwakakura kudaro hwekudyara hunoratidza kukosha kwevallistic missile submarines muUS deterrence strategy.

Chirongwa ichi hachingobatanidzi zvikepe chete, asiwo zvombo zvavo zvenyukireya. Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi ndechekugamuchira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, reactor itsva uye gumi nematanhatu Trident II D5 ballistic missile (6). Yekutanga Columbia (SSBN 826) inofanirwa kupinda sevhisi muna 2031.

6. Trident II D5 kana ichienzaniswa neyakapfuura yeUS naval ballistic missile

Drones dzepasi pemvura dziri kukura mukukosha

Pakupera kwaGunyana 2017 muNewport, Rhode Island, yekutanga muUS Navy yakaumbwa isina munhu ari pasi pemvura kamera squadron (UUV), iyo yakapihwa zita UVRON 1. Parizvino, muchikamu ichi che "musika" wemauto, maAmerican ane boka rezvishandiso zve130 zvemhando dzakasiyana (7).

7. Drone yemauto ekuAmerica kutsvaga migodhi yepasi pemvura

Zvichida ndizvo chaizvo mukuona kwekuvandudzwa kwemauto epasi pemvura eAmerica ayo maChinese ari kuronga kugadzira chinofambiswa. inogarika pasi pemvura station. Chinangwa chepamutemo chichava chekutsvaga zvicherwa, asi zvinogona zvakare kuita kuti zvigadziriswe nekuda kwemauto. Achafanirwa kushanda muSouth China Sea, munzvimbo ine gakava inonzi kwete chete neChina, asiwo nePhilippines neVietnam. Pasi pegungwa pane pakadzika 3 metres. m.Hazvisati zvamboitika mu“gomba rakadzika-dzika” zvakadaro hapana kana chinhu chimwe chete chaigarwa chaigara chichishandiswa.

Vazhinji vanocherekedza vanoona kuti chiteshi ichi chinogona kushanda sehwaro hwechimwe chirongwa - chinodaidzwa kuti. Pasi pemvura Great Wall yeChina. Izvi zvinoreva network yezvinoyerera uye zvepasi pemvura zvinonzwa zvakagadzirirwa kuona ngarava dzevavengi. Iwo masevhisi epachivande akaziva nezvezvirongwa izvi kwenguva yakati, asi maChinese akaburitsa ruzivo nezvavo nguva pfupi yadarika. Iwo achashandiswa kuita chirongwa. Munguva yekuratidzira kwemauto gore rapfuura, hurumende yeChina yakafumura boka remotokari dzisina munhu - marine dronesichi chingava chikamu chekudzivirira pasi pemvura. Vaizokwanisa kufamba zvose zviri zviviri pamusoro pemvura uye pakadzika pasi payo. Vaigonawo kutakura zvombo zvinokwanisa kurova ngarava dzepasi pemvura, pamwe chete nemimwe mitoro inobhadharwa.

Awa kune rimwe divi renyika

2040 haiite senge inguva isingaite yenguva zvombo zve hypersonic (8), iyo parizvino iri kuongororwa zvakanyanya, zvichikuchidzirwa nefivha iri kukura yemujaho wezvombo. Izvi zviri kuitwa muUnited States, pamwe neChina neRussia. Hypersonic zvombo masisitimu anoita kuti zvibvire kurova pazvinhu kana vanhu chero kupi zvako pasirese, iyo nzvimbo inongozivikanwa kwenguva pfupi, isingapfuure awa.

8. Hypersonic zvombo - kuona

Muchirevo chehunyanzvi, mhinduro dzerudzi urwu dzinonzi HGV kirasi masisitimu (). Ruzivo pamusoro pebasa pavari rinenge risinganzwisisike, asi isu tinoziva zvishoma nezvavo, uye isu tinofungidzira zvishoma, kunyangwe, pamwe, mune dzimwe nzvimbo isu tinonyengerwa nemaune pamusoro penyaya iyi nemasevhisi akakodzera emasimba makuru - mushure mezvose, chete. vanogona kuona kubata zvombo kakawanda nekukurumidza kupfuura zvinobvumira ruzha.

Tichitaura nezvechikamu ichi chezvombo, kazhinji kazhinji vanoreva kufambisa mapfumo pasi, i.e. kubhururuka. Vanofamba nekumhanya zvakapetwa kakawanda kupfuura zvombo zvekare uye havaonekwe neradar. Kudai dzikashandiswa, zhinji dzezvombo zvenyukireya dziripo pasi pano dzaisazoshanda, sezvo zvombo zverudzi urwu zvichida zvaizoparadza matura ezvombo zvemabhomba muchikamu chekutanga chehondo. Kuronda ma glider ane radar hazvigoneke nekuti anobhururuka akadzika zvakanyanya pane echinyakare mabhomba anokandwa uye obva arova chinangwa nehuroi hwemamita akati wandei.

China yakaita kuyedza kwayo kwechinomwe muna Kubvumbi Hypersonic missile DF-ZF (yaimbozivikanwa se WU-14) Zvinotendwa kuti inosvika pakumhanya makore anopfuura miriyoni gumi apfuura, zvichiibvumira kuti ibudirire kukunda iyo US missile defense system. Panenge panguva imwecheteyo, kuyedza ndege ye hypersonic missile yakaitika. 3M22 Zirconium yakaitwa nevaRussia. Maererano nemishumo yeAmerica inozivikanwa, zvombo zveRussia zvakagadzirira kushandiswa muna 2018, uye maChinese muna 2020. Zvakare, kubudirira kwekugadzirira kurwisana nehondo yekutanga yeRussia yerudzi urwu, inotarisirwa neBritish analytical centre Jane's Information Group, yakarongerwa makore 2020-2025.

Zvakakodzera kuyeuka izvozvo muRussia (uye kare muUSSR) matekinoroji ane chekuita nekutanga uye kudzora makomba e hypersonic akagadzirwa kwenguva refu.. Muna 1990, bvunzo dzakaitwa pamwe Ju-70/102E system. Yakatoshandiswa mukuedzwa kwakatevera. Yu-71. Maererano nekufungidzira, roketi iyi inofanira kusvika 11 zviuru. km / h Iyo Zircon yataurwa pamusoro nderimwe purojekiti, iyo kunze kwenyika vhezheni inozivikanwa kuMadokero se BraMos II.

MuUnited States, pfungwa yekugadzira zvombo zvakadaro yakasimuka nekuda kwekudzokororwa kwemitemo yenyukireya yemunharaunda () muna 2001. Kwenguva yakati, basa rave richiitwa papfungwa yekushandisa mitsva inokatyamadza inokatyamadza yakavakirwa pamapurogiramu akadai, semuenzaniso, Prompt Global Strike (PGS). Kusvika pari zvino, zvakadaro, maAmerican akatarisana ne hypersonic spacecraft uye makomba ane akajairika warheads, semuenzaniso, kurwisa magandanga kana North Korea.

Mushure mekudzidza kuti Russia neChina dziri kushanda zvakanyanya pakurwisa kwenyukireya kwe hypersonic, US iri kushandura zano rayo uye nekukasira basa kutsiva yazvino intercontinental ballistic missile nemakomba e hypersonic. 

Mukupindura ruzivo kubva kuUnited States, mukuru weRussia air Defense, General Alexander Leonov, akati Russia iri kushanda nesimba mukugadzira hurongwa hunokwanisa kumisa zvombo zverudzi urwu.

Dmitry Rogozin, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weRussian Federation, nguva pfupi yadarika akataura, achiratidzira kuti Russia iri kufunga zvakakomba kutora chinzvimbo chekutungamira mumujaho uyu.

Akawedzera uye ane simba lasers

Zvese zviratidzo mudenga, pasi uye mumakungwa zvinoratidza kuti maAmerican parizvino vari pamberi pakugadzira zvombo zvelaser. Muna 2016, Mauto eUS akazivisa bvunzo dzakakura Nharembozha yepamusoro-simba HELMTT laser (High Energy Laser Mobile Test Truck) yakayerwa pa10kW (inozopedzisira yave 50kW) yakagadzirwa neFires Center of Excellence Combat Lab paFort Still, Oklahoma. Vane chinangwa chekuyedza mukana wekutora zvombo zvekirasi iyi kuti zvishande nemauto pakati pemakore makumi maviri.

Iyi ndiyo imwe vhezheni yeAmerican, yakaiswa uye yakaedzwa kwemakore akati wandei pazvikepe. Muna 2013, kugona kwelaser weapon system kwakaratidzwa mumvura kubva kuSan Diego. Laser chombo system - Mitemo (9) yakaiswa pamuparadzi USS Dewey. Mutemo weLaWS unorova zvinonangwa zvemuchadenga zvinotariswa neradar system.

Muna 2015, mufananidzo wemotokari yakaparadzwa nelaser pfuti yakaparadzirwa pasi rose, yakasanganiswa neruzivo pamusoro pekuedza kwakabudirira kwelaser system. Yepamberi Yepamusoro Energy Asset Test (ATHENA), Lockheed Martin. Mwedzi mishoma gare gare, chirimwa chiri muBothell, Washington, chakatanga kugadzirwa kwemamodule emalaser masisitimu ane simba re60 kW yekuisa pamotokari dzeUS Army.

Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwakaburitswa, zvinokwanisika kusanganisa ma module maviri kuti uwane yakazara danda simba rinosvika ku120 kW. Mhinduro inoshandisa tekinoroji yefiber laser uye mwenje kubva kumamodule akawanda unosanganiswa kuita danda rimwe chete uchishandisa tekinoroji iyi. Danda rine simba rakagadzirwa nenzira iyi rakaparadza injini yemotokari panzvimbo yekuedza mune imwe nyaya yemasekonzi, kubva kure kure, panguva yekuedzwa kwambotaurwa.

Lasers anoonekwa seyakanakisa nzira yekugadzira artillery zvombo. Maroketi, mabhomba nemabhomba zvinobhururuka nekumhanya kukuru, asi laser ray inokurumidza uye nedzidziso inofanira kuparadza zvese zvinosvika. Muna 2018, General Dynamics yakatanga kuunganidza 18-kilowatt lasers paStryker mauto mota. Zvakare, pane iyo Navy kubva muna 2014. the system laser chombo paUSS Ponce uye inotarisira kuisa zvombo zvakadaro pamabhoti eAC-130. Bazi reDziviriro reUS riri kufunga nezvekushongedza vatakuri vendege nezvombo zvelaser. Yaizotsiva mamwe ma missile system. Kuiswa kwavo uye kushandiswa kuchagoneka pavatakuri vendege dzechizvarwa chinotevera seUSS Gerald Ford, sezvo zvikepe izvi zvichikwanisa kugadzira magetsi esimba rakakwana uye voltage pedyo ne14. volts. Laser ichashandiswa kune ese ari maviri ekudzivirira uye anogumbura mamishini.

Mushure mekuedza kwakabudirira nelaser zvombo pazvikepe nemotokari dzekurwisa, maAmerican anoda kuenda mberi nekutanga kuvayedza mundege. A prototype onboard laser pfuti ichavakwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera. yaizoiswa pa chikepe chepfuti chinobhururuka AC-130 (restored transport S-130 Hercules), yeUS Special Forces Aviation.

Ndege dzerudzi urwu dzinowanzo shandiswa kutsigira masoja ari pasi nemoto wekanon yakawanda uye howwitzers. Mauto, zvisinei, haadi ichi chombo chenguva yemberi nekuda kwesimba rayo rekuparadza, asi nekuti haiite ruzha, inogona kuve mukana mukuru mukushanda kwemhando yeSWAT.

Chinangwa cheUS Air Force ndechekuve nepfuti dzakashongedzerwa nelaser pfuti mushure megore ra2030, izvo zvinofanirwa kuona hukuru hwemhepo. Iwo lasers uye danda rekutungamira sisitimu inoyedzwa mukubhururuka zvisinei nepuratifomu inonangwa pakukwira kusvika ku20 0,6 metres. m uye kumhanya kubva 2,5 kusvika XNUMX miriyoni makore.

Kana tichitaura nezve laser zvombo, isu hatireve chero rudzi rumwe rwemudziyo. Iyo yakazara US Air Force zvombo system ine zvikamu zvitatu zve lasers:

1. simba rakaderera - ye "kuvhenekera" uye yekutevera zvinangwa uye kupofumadza maitiro ekutarisa;
2. pakati pesimba - kunyanya kuzvidzivirira kubva pakurwisa infrared-inotungamirwa makomba;
3. moto muzhinji - kurwisa zvinangwa zvemhepo uye pasi.

Pakupera kwa2016, ruzivo rwakaonekwa kuti kambani yekudzivirira Northrop Grumman yaizobatsira US Air Force kugadzira zvombo zvelaser izvo zvaizoshongedza zvazvino. F-35B varwi, kurwisa zvikopokopo AN-1 Cobra kana kuti B-21 Raider bhomba yatotaurwa. Iyo kambani inoronga kugadzira pfuti diki dzelaser, dzakakodzera kuisirwa kunyangwe pabhodhi ndege dzekurwira. Midziyo iyi ichave yakanyanya kuomarara - inokwanisa kwete chete kubvisa zvibodzwa zviri kure, asi zvakare kuvatevera mukubhururuka, uye panguva imwe chete inopokana nekukanganiswa. Iko kunetseka kwemaoko kunoda kutanga bvunzo dzekutanga dzezvombo izvi muna 2019.

Muna Chikumi 2017, Mauto eUS akazivisa kuti kuedza kupfura chikopokopo chemhando yeApache ine lasers pachinhambwe chingangoita 1,4 km kwakabudirira. Kuedza uku kwakaitwa nekambani yekuAmerica Raytheon. Mune maonero ake, kekutanga, laser system kubva mundege yakarova chinangwa kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Iri zvakare kekutanga laser kushandiswa kubva muherikoputa, kunyangwe kuyedza nechombo ichi muUnited States kwave kuenderera kwenguva yakareba. Mwedzi wapera, Mauto eUS akatiwo yakapfura drone nayo.

Ndiani mumwe ane laser?

Ehe, kwete chete United States iri kushanda pamauto lasers. Muna Mbudzi 2013, iyo Xinhua nhau agency yakashuma kuti mauto eChinese akaedza chombo. MaChinese haamire pazvinangwa zvehondo pasi uye mumhepo. Kubva 2007, vanga vachiyedza laser inokwanisa kurova zvibodzwa mukutenderera pasirese. Kuparadza uku kusvika pari zvino kwangogumira ku "kupofumadza" ari-bhodhi zviridzwa zvereconnaissance satellite, anowanzozivikanwa se spy satellite. Nekudaro, kana iwe ukakwanisa kugadzira lasers ane simba, iwe unogona kunge uchikwanisa kuparadza zvinhu zvakasiyana nazvo.

Nemari yakakodzera orbital laser Anokwanisa kushanda muna 2023. Inofanirwa kunge iri system inorema matani mashanu, inozivisa uye yekutevera zvinhu zvemuchadenga uchishandisa kamera yakakosha. VaChinese vanoda kushandisa ruzivo rwavo rwekare kubva ku2005, somuenzaniso, nekuedza pasi-based laser system ine simba re50-100 kW. Mudziyo wakadaro wakaiswa panzvimbo yekuyedza mudunhu reXinjiang, kubva pakaitwa kuyedza kurova satellite iri makiromita mazana matanhatu kubva pasi pePasi nelaser beam.

China yakashamiswa nekugadzirwa handheld laser weapon. Kuonekwa kwake muna 2016 pakuratidzira kwemapurisa eChinese kwakashamisa chaizvo. Yakabva yaratidzwa PY132A, WJG-2002 Oraz Barbecue-905iyo, maererano netsanangudzo yemugadziri, inoshanda pamutemo wakafanana neIsrael laser anti-missile nhovo Iron Beam ("Iron Beam") kana HELLADS Laser CannonDARPA yave ichishanda pane izvi kwemakore akati wandei ikozvino. Nekudaro, pfuti dzeChinese ndizvo zvidiki zvombo zvinoshandisa laser tekinoroji. Sekureva kwemugadziri, inofanirwa kushandiswa nemasoja kurwisa drones uye isina munhu anofamba nendege mota dzinoshandiswa nemauto evavengi kana, hongu, magandanga.

Iyo yambotaurwa yeIsrael Iron Beam system yakagadzirirwa kuparadza makomba mune izvo zvinodaidzwa. system dead zone iron dome, ndiko kuti, kudzivirira kwezvombo zveIsrael. Rafael ndiye mutengesi wemakiti matsva ekudzivirira. Iyo Iron Beam ichave yakavakirwa pane ine simba laser uye yepamusoro kutungamira tekinoroji. Masikati neusiku, anofanirwa kurwisa makomba, mabhomba ezvombo, ma drones uye zvibodzwa zvepasi. Iyo tekinoroji yakagadzirwa sekuenderera mberi kweAmerican-Israel yakakwirira-simba laser zvirongwa - TEL Oraz MTEL.

Iyo Iron Beam chivakwa chine radar yayo inoona, inoteedzera uye inotungamira moto, munzvimbo yekuraira uye maviri ane simba lasers. Zvinoenderana nefungidziro, iyo yese system ichamisa zvinhu mukati meradius inosvika 7 km nelaser beam, i.e. pazasi peIron Dome trigger pachikumbaridzo kwemasekonzi mashoma. Laser yega yega inopisa 150-200 nguva isati yaenda kuburikidza nekutonhodza maitiro.

Makore mashoma apfuura, basa rekurwisa lasers rakatangazve muRussia. Muna Zvita 2014, maAmerican pavakazivisa mhedzisiro yekuyedzwa kweLaWS cannon, uyo panguva iyoyo Mukuru weGeneral Staff, General Yuri Baluyevsky, akataura nezveRussia laser zvombo. Muna 2015, mukuru weRussia Aerospace Forces, Major General Kirill Makarov, akabvuma kuti Russia yatova nezvombo zvekupofumadza vanocherechedza uye kuparadza zvinangwa zvehondo. Zhizha rapfuura, vezvenhau veko vakashuma kuti "uto reRussia rine zvombo zvelaser."

Pamusoro pemasimba makuru, Fr. laser chombo dzimwe nyika dziri kutanga kutaura muzvombo zvadzo. Kutanga kwegore rino, South Korean zuva nezuva The Korea Herald yakashuma kuti nekuda kwekutyisidzirwa neNorth Korean drones, South Korea inoronga kuvaka yayo laser zvombo panosvika 2020.

Iyo yaSeptember DSEI International Exhibition muLondon, zvakare, yakapa mukana wekuratidzira Dragonfire Laser Cannoniyo inogona kuve muenzaniso weEuropean zvombo system. Sangano rinoshanda rinotungamirirwa neMBDA rakatora chikamu mubasa rokuvaka. Chirongwa chinozivikanwa se LDEW () dzakaitwa zvakare nemakambani matatu - Leonardo (akapa turret yekunangisa danda relaser), QinetiQ (inotungamira iyo laser pachayo) uye BAE Systems, pamwe neArke, Marshall uye GKN. Basa redhizaini rinotarisirwa kupedzwa mukupera kwegore rino, kuyedzwa kwema laboratori kunofanirwa kutanga kutanga kwa2018, uye kuongororwa kwemumunda kwakarongerwa 2019. Yekutanga Dragonfire system inotarisirwa kuiswa mungarava yeBritish muna 2020 - pamwe Type 45 muparadzi.

Cannon panjanji, i.e.

High-energy systems, kunyanya laser neelectromagnetic pfuti, parizvino dziri kuedzwa panzvimbo dzekuedzwa dzemasimba makuru emauto epasirese. Iyo nguva yekupinda mukushanda kwakajairika kwekirasi iyi yezvombo inogona kunge iri padyo, asi kutaura zvazviri ... Kubva pachikumbiro zvombo zvemagetsi kune mabhenefiti makuru anoshanda mune artillery. Mabhomba ane simba artillery aigona kushandiswa, semuenzaniso, mukudzivirira missile. Iyi ndiyo mhinduro yakachipa kupfuura maroketi. Kana, saka kwete chete echinyakare anti-ndege artillery masisitimu, asi mazhinji emhando dzezvombo zvekupotsera zvinozivikanwa kwatiri zvichave zvisingabatsiri.

Iwo akanyanya kukosha mabhenefiti emagetsi emagetsi pfuti anosanganisira mukana wekuwana yakakwira kumhanya neprojekiti shots. Nokudaro, kukura kwepamusoro kunowanikwa kinetic simba, izvo zvinotungamirira kusvetuka musimba rinoparadza. Hapana ngozi yekuputika kwezvombo zvinotakurwa, uye izvi, kuwedzera, zvakanyanya kuduku muhukuru uye uremu, izvo zvinoreva kuti nenzvimbo yekutakura inowanika, unogona kutora yakawanda. High projectile kumhanya inoderedza njodzi yekurova muvengi chinangwa, uye chinangwa chinova nyore. Kukurumidza kunoitika pamwe nekureba kwese kwembiru, uye kwete muchikamu chekutanga chete, uko kuputika kwepfuti kunoitika. Nekugadzirisa, semuenzaniso, simba rezvino, unogonawo kugadzirisa velocity yekutanga yeprojekti.

Zvechokwadi, munhu haagoni kukundikana kutaura kukanganisa kwezvombo zvemagetsi. Pamusoro pazvose - simba guru rinodiwa. Panewo nyaya yekuona mwero unodiwa wemoto kana kutonhodzwa kwegadziriro yese, pamwe nekuderedza chiitiko chekudhumhana kwemhepo kunoitika nekumhanya kwakadai kana ichibhururuka mumhepo yepasi. Vagadziri vanofanirwawo kurwisana nekupfeka kwepamusoro uye nekukurumidza pazvinhu zvakakosha nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya, mitoro, uye magetsi ekupa.

Mainjiniya emauto ari kushanda pane mhinduro yemhando (10), umo pfuti iri pakati penjanji mbiri dziri zvakare vatungamiriri vayo. Kuvhara dunhu razvino - njanji, anchor, yechipiri njanji - inogadzira iyo magineti inopa kumhanya kune anchor uye projectile yakabatana nayo. Pfungwa yechipiri yechombo chakadaro is static system ye coaxial coils. Iyo electromagnetic munda wakagadzirwa mavari unoshanda pane coil ine projectile.

10. Electromagnetic gun

Intelligent munitions

Uye chii chakamirira musojawo zvake wenguva yemberi?

Mumwe mushumo wakasiyana unogona kunyorwa pamusoro pezvirongwa zvine chekuita naye. Pano tinotaura nezve. matombo akangwara izvo zvisingade kuvavarira uye kuenda kwatinoda chaiko. Vakaedzwa nesangano remauto reUS DARPA (11). Chirongwa chacho chinonzi kuveura ndebvu uye chakavanzika zvakanyanya saka zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezve tekinoroji ruzivo. Skant tsananguro yeTeledyne, iyo iri kushanda pane iyi mhinduro, inoratidza kuti makomba anoshandisa optical kutungamira masisitimu. Iyo tekinoroji inobvumira chaiyo-nguva mhinduro kumamiriro ekunze, mhepo uye chinangwa chekufamba. Iyo inoshanda yemhando nyowani yezvombo ndeye 2 km.

11. DARPA Intelligent Rocket

Tracking Point inobatanidzwawo mukugadzira zvombo zvine hungwaru. Her smart sniper pfuti yakagadzirwa nenzira yokuti musoja haafaniri kudzidziswa. Iyo kambani inovimbisa kuti chaizvo munhu wese anogona kuita mapfuti akakwana - iwe unongoda kutsvaga chinangwa. Kombiyuta yomukati inounganidza mashoko ebhora, inoongorora mufananidzo wenhandare yehondo, inonyora mamiriro ezvinhu emuchadenga akadai setembiricha yakapoteredza uye kumanikidzana, kunyange ichifunga nezvokurereka kwakaita axis yepasi.

Pakupedzisira, anopa mirairo yakadzama pamusoro pekubata pfuti uye nguva chaiyo yekudhonza. Mupfuri anogona kutarisa ruzivo rwese nekutarisa kuburikidza nekuona. Chombo chakangwara chine maikorofoni, kambasi, Wi-Fi, locator, yakavakirwa-mukati laser rangefinder uye USB yekuisa. Pfuti dzinogona zvakare kutaurirana kune mumwe nemumwe - kuchinjanisa data nemifananidzo. Ruzivo urwu runogonawo kutumirwa kune smartphone, piritsi kana laptop.

Tracking Point yakapawo app inonzi Shotview iyo inokwidziridza kugona kwechombo nezvinobatika zvine chekuita nacho. Mukuita, mufananidzo kubva kune zvinoonekwa unofambiswa muHD mhando kune ziso reanopfura. Kune rumwe rutivi, inokubvumira kunanga pasina kupeta papfuti, uye kune rumwe rutivi, inokubvumira kupfutidza nenzira yokuti mupfuri haafaniri kupinza musoro wake munzvimbo ine ngozi.

Nekuda kwedu kwese kwetekinoroji uye kugona kwezvirongwa zvezvombo zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro, tinogona kungotarisira kuti zvichagadzirwa mukati menguva yakarongwa nevagadziri uye ... hazvizomboshandiswa muhondo.