Kuwanikwa kwemakristasi enguva itsva
Imwe nzira inoshamisa yenyaya inonzi crystal yenguva ichangobva kuonekwa munzvimbo mbiri itsva. Masayendisiti akagadzira kristaro yakadaro mu monoammonium phosphate, sezvakataurwa mumagazini yaMay ye Physical Review Letters, uye rimwe boka rakazvigadzira mumhepo ine mvura ine zvimedu zvakaita senyeredzi, chinyorwa ichi chakaonekwa muPhysical Review.
Kusiyana nemimwe mienzaniso inozivikanwa, nguva crystal kubva ku monoammonium phosphate, yakagadzirwa kubva pachinhu chakasimba chine yakarongedzerwa chimiro chemuviri, i.e. kristaro yechinyakare. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakasara kubva panguva iyo makristasi akaumbwa kusvika zvino ave akavhiringidzika. Masayendisiti akatanga kugadzira makristasi enguva muna 2016. Imwe yacho yakagadzirwa kubva kudhaimondi isina kukwana, imwe yacho yakagadzirwa neketani yeytterbium ions.
Makristasi akajairika akadai semunyu uye quartz mienzaniso yematatu-dimensional, akarairwa makristasi epamhepo. Maatomu avo anoumba gadziriro inodzokororwa inozivikanwa kumasayendisiti kwemakumi emakore. Nguva makristasi akasiyana. Maatomu avo nguva nenguva anozununguka kutanga mune rimwe divi rozoenda kune rimwe divi, achifadzwa nemhepo ine simba remagineti (resonance). Inonzi "tick".
Iko kukwenya panguva yekristaro iri mukati meimwe frequency, kunyangwe mapurusi anopindirana ane resonance yakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, maatomu enguva makristasi akadzidzwa mune imwe yekuedza kwegore rapera aitenderera pafrequency yehafu chete yefrequency yekupuruzira kwemagnetic field ichiita paari.
Masayendisiti anoti kunzwisisa makristasi enguva kunogona kutungamira mukuvandudzika kweatomu wachi, gyroscopes uye magnetometers, uye kubatsira kugadzira quantum tekinoroji. Iyo US Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) yakazivisa mari yekutsvagisa mune imwe yezvinoshamisa zvakawanikwa nesainzi mumakore achangopfuura.
- mukuru wechirongwa cheDARPA akaudza Gizmodo, Dr. Roza Alekhanda Lukashev. Ruzivo rwezvidzidzo izvi zvakavanzika, akadaro. Munhu anogona kungogumisa kuti ichi chizvarwa chitsva chewachi yeatomu, iri nyore uye yakatsiga kupfuura zvivako zvakaoma zverabhoritari zviri kushandiswa zvino. Sezvaunoziva, nguva dzakadaro dzinoshandiswa mune zvakawanda zvakakosha zvemauto masisitimu, kusanganisira, semuenzaniso, GPS.
Mubairo weNobel Frank Wilczek
Nguva isati yasvika makristasi akawanikwa, akazvarwa mudzidziso. Yakagadzirwa makore mashoma apfuura nemuAmerica, muhwina weNobel Prize. Frank Wilczek. Muchidimbu, pfungwa yake ndeyekutyora symmetry, sezvazvinoita nechikamu chekuchinja. Nekudaro, munguva yetioretical makristasi, symmetry yaizoputswa kwete chete muzvikamu zvitatu zvepamhepo, asiwo mune yechina - munguva. Zvinoenderana nedzidziso yaWilczek, makristasi enguva pfupi ane chimiro chinodzokorora kwete munzvimbo chete asiwo nenguva. Dambudziko nderekuti izvi zvinoreva kuzunguzika kwemaatomu mukristaro lattice, i.e. kufamba pasina magetsiizvo zvairangarirwa nenyanzvi dzefizikisi sezvisingabviri uye hazvibviri.
Nepo isu tisati taziva makristasi aidiwa nemunyori ane mbiri, uye pamwe haazombodaro, muna 2016 nyanzvi dzefizikisi paYunivhesiti yeMaryland neHarvard University dzakavaka "discontinuous" (kana discrete) nguva makristasi. Aya ndiwo masisitimu emaatomu kana maion anoratidza kufamba pamwe nekutenderera, kuita senge yaimbozivikanwa mamiriro matsva enyaya, inoshingirira kuvhiringika kudiki.
Kunyangwe zvisiri zvisina kujairika saProf. Wilczek, makristasi enguva achangobva kuwanikwa anonakidza zvakakwana kukwezva kufarira kwemauto. Uye zvinoratidzika zvakakosha zvakakwana.
