Ngarava yevatasvi m / s Halka

Ngarava yevatasvi m / s Hulk. Muunganidzwa wemifananidzo yePrzemysław Grzelak

Ngarava iyi, yakatumidzwa zita remutambi weiyo opera yaStanisław Moniuszko The Jackdaw, yaive kwemakore akawanda iyo yakakura kupfuura vanhu vose yakavakwa nePolish shipyard. Kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri yakafamba mumvura yeGulf yeGdansk, ichinakidzwa nemukurumbira mukuru pakati pevashanyi vanoshanyira mahombekombe ePoland kuti vangonyangarika kubva pagungwa redu. Iyo Jackdaw yaive prototype yekutevedzana kwezvikepe zverudzi urwu kuti zvivakwe. Nehurombo, izvi zvakapera neiyo prototype. Dai paive paine ngarava yemapatya, ingangodaidzwa kuti Yontek.

Iyo purojekiti

Pakupera kwema50s pakanga paine budiriro inoshamisa yezvikepe zvedu zvichena, zvese zviri mumahombekombe uye mukati menyika. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nezvinodiwa zvenguva, sezvo ngarava dzinoshanda mumvura yemahombekombe, dzakawanda dzakavakwa patsva kubva pakuparara kweGermany, dzakanga dzisisazadzise zvinodiwa zvekushanyirwa kwemazuva ano. Zvinodhura kushanda, zvakaoma kugadzirisa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvimedu, uye izvo zvinobvira pamakore makumi matatu kusvika makumi mashanu ezera zvaifanira kubviswa zvachose. Asi izvozvo zvisati zvaitika, vaifanira kutsiviwa nezvikepe zvitsva. Ipapo ndipo pakasikwa mhando itsva dzakabudirira, dzakadai seSZ-30, SZ-50, SPZhD (hombe yegungwa inotakura ngarava), SPZhK (lake-channel passenger ship), SP-600 kana SP-390.

Idzi dzaive ngarava dzaigona kufamba mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, chiteshi chengarava, pagwagwa remvura kana kufamba mukati menyika. Nehurombo, vaisakwanisa kutakura vafambi pakati pezviteshi zvemahombekombe ePoland, semuenzaniso, kubva kuGdansk kuenda kuUstka.¹Naizvozvo, muna 1961, hutungamiriri hweGdansk Shipping Company hwakagadzira bhuku rechikepe chevatakuri chaigona kufamba mumvura dzeGulf yeGdansk kunyangwe pasi pemamiriro ekunze akashata uye nenzendo pfupi pakati pezviteshi zvemahombekombe ePoland. Kuti tikwanise kusarudza uye kugamuchira mhinduro dzinopfuura imwe, magadzirirwo maviri ekutanga akarairwa panguva imwe chete - imwe muDhipatimendi redhipatimendi rekuvaka rolling stock, uye imwe muUniversity Design Group. Somugumisiro, muridzi wechikepe, uye chaizvoizvo iyo Union yeShipbuilding Industry, yakagamuchira mapurojekiti maviri akazvimirira akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune mumwe. Ose ari maviri akagadzirwa muna 1962.

Kuenzanisa kwekutanga dhizaini data

Mapurojekiti ese ari maviri aigara achipihwa yepakati pesection gym yakachinjika zvishoma kune yekumashure, iyo yakagadzira chinhu chakajairika mukurongeka kweyepasi tier. Nekudaro, zvese hofisi neyunivhesiti zvakatarisira iyi nzvimbo zvakasiyana. Chiono cheBureau chaive chichichinjika zvakanyanya, zvichikurudzira marongerwo enzvimbo muchimiro chenzvimbo huru yekumusoro kureba kwechikepe. Zvese zvaifanira kukamurwa nekutsvedza, kana zvichidikanwa, madziro akajeka mumakamuri matatu - imba yekuvaraidza, imba yekudyira ine yekuzvishandira bar, uye lounges. Pamusoro pepamusoro, imba diki yekutarisa yakarongwa, iyo yaigona kuitirwa boka rakasiyana revafambi, semuenzaniso, nzendo kunze kwenyika, dzakasiyana siyana nhume, nezvimwe.

Chikwata ichi chakagadzira dhizaini huru yakatenderedza wheelhouse, uyezve yakagadzira makamuri madiki akati wandei kubva pamakumi maviri kusvika makumi mana nemashanu m20, maviri ari pauriri hwepasi mumakamuri asina mvura, ayo aida masitepisi akasiyana kune imwe neimwe yadzo. Pamusoro pezvo, chirongwa chengarava chakaunzwa neyunivhesiti chaive nechidimbu chipfupi. Chirongwa chekushanda chakapedzwa muna 45.

Sangano reUnion of the Shipbuilding Industry rakafunga kuongorora zvirongwa zvose zviri zviviri pamusangano weProject Evaluation Group (ZROPI) yaro pasi peBazi reKutakura nengarava, richikoka vanyori vezvirongwa kuhurukuro. Mukati mekugadzirwa kwayo, dhizaini yedhizaini yakaratidza kusatevedzera fungidziro yehurefu nekumhanya kwechikepe (haina kukwana simba rekukwevera) uye nekudzikama kwegwaro nekuda kwekunyanya kuhombera kwepamusoro kwechikamu chepamusoro-mvura maererano. kuchikamu chepasi pemvura. Izvo zvave zvichipokanawo kuti kutamiswa kwechikepe kwaive kwakakurisa, zvichiwedzera mutengo wekuvaka uye wekushandisa, pamwe nekukanganisa mukurongeka kwekugara kwevafambi uye kutaurirana kwemukati. Vamiriri veBureau havana kuramba mhosva yavaipomerwa, asi vakarwisa chirongwa cheChikwata. Pakupedzisira, vachiona kuti zvinhu zvakanga zvava kuvafambira zvinosiririsa, vakabuda mukamuri rokuitira misangano vachizvidza.

Iyo nzira yekumisa yaive purojekiti yakagadziridzwa nechikwata, i.e. Dhipatimendi reKugadzira Dhipatimendi reGdańsk University of Technology, iro rakagadzirirawo dhizaini nekushanda. Mugadziri mukuru wechikepe aive Dr. Eng. Stefan Wiewurski (1924-2011).

kuvaka

Kuvakwa kwechikepe chemahombekombe chengarava PP-1000 chakapihwa kuGdańsk River Shipyard muGdańskie Stogy, kana kuti dunhu rayo rekutonga Krakowiec-Górki West, iro rakanyanya mukuvaka ngarava dzinotakura vanhu. Kare, mapuranga ezvikepe zvakadai seSZ-600, SZ-390 kana SPZhD uye SP-150 akavakwa pano. Sezvo aizova ngarava hurusa yakavakwa munhau yeichi chivako chengarava, kuvaka kwake kwakanga kwakarongwa pamharadzano hurusa wenzvimbo inokwirira ngarava. Iyo keel yakaiswa pasi muna Chivabvu 1966. Yakagamuchira zita rekuvaka PP1. Iyo hull yakavakwa maererano ne "Mitemo yeKukamurwa uye Kuvaka KweMarine Steel Vessels" yePolish Rejista yeZvikepe. Munguva yekuvaka, vashandi vengarava vaifanira kukunda matambudziko mazhinji aimuka kubva kuhunyanzvi hwekuvaka iyi yakakura, atypical prototype ngarava, yakasiyana neyekare. Maneja wekuvaka aiva Anthony Consor. Tenzi Józef Schulte-Noel ndiye aitungamirira zvitunha. Velders Lucian Prein, Mieczysław Palkoń, vanogadzira hull Tadeusz Gutarowski, Roman Savinski naFranciszek Kempa, pamwe nemakanika Zygmunt Topolevsky vakakunda panzvimbo yekuvaka.

Petticoat pamukoto, Ndira 1967. Mufananidzo naZbigniew Kosikarz kubva muunganidzwa weMunyori

Kutangwa kwechikepe, icho chakanzi "Jackdaw", chakaitika muna Ndira 25, 1967. 14:00 Godmother wechikepe aive Maria Glomb, mudzimai wemunyori wedare reguta rePolish United Workers 'Party muGdansk. . Vanhu vanotevera vaivepo pamhemberero dzekuparura: Wlodzimierz Stazhevsky - Secretary of KW PZPR, Cheslav Znaevsky - Director we Union of Marine Repair Yards.², Jan Myslicki - mutungamiri mukuru weŻegluga Gdańska naStefan Wiewurski - mukuru wekugadzira chikepe. Ngarava yakatangwa pa35% yakakwana. Nzvimbo yezvikepe yakaronga kuiendesa kumuridzi wengarava muna Chikumi 1967. Nehurombo, iyi nguva yekupedzisira haina kuzadzikiswa, sezvo komiti yekugamuchira yakaendesa akawanda se454 gadziriso. Zvakatora nzvimbo yezvikepe mumwe mwedzi kuti ivabvise. Pakupedzisira, pana July 21, 1967, ngarava yakachinjirwa kuŻegluga Gdańska. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chikepe chakaronga kuvaka imwe ngarava yemhando iyi (Jontek?), Asi zvirongwa zvakaguma ipapo.

Tsanangudzo yehunyanzvi Enclosure

Iyo hull ye "Galka" yakagadzirwa nesimbi yechikepe St 42 nekuisa. Yakanga iri chikamu chaiitirwa kufambiswa kwemazuva ese kwevashanyi pakati pezviteshi zvemahombekombe ePoland, pamwe chete nerwendo rupfupi rwekutaurirana. Ngarava yakanga ine nhurikidzwa mbiri, ine nhurikidzwa nhatu. Iyo hull yakakamurwa ne6 isina mvura bulkheads kuita 7 compartments. Iyo furemu yaive nemafuremu makumi masere ane nhanho ye80 m.

Pasi pacho paive nekaviri kureba kwese. Paive nematangi emasuweji, mafuta ekufambisa dzimotokari nemvura yakachena.

Peticoat yaive nekamuri imwe isinganyure. Pazasi penzvimbo huru, mukamuri I, ndichiverenga kubva kumashure, pakanga paine kabhini rekutungamirira uye cheni yekukiya. Chikamu chechipiri chaisanganisira dzimba dzevashandi, dzaisanganisira 6 mbiri kabhini uye imwe imba yeinjiniya, galley, imba yevashandi, nzvimbo dzehutsanana uye imba yekuchengetera zvinhu. Mukova wedzimba dzevashandi waiva pamwero wenzvimbo huru uye waisasvikika nevafambi. Muchikamu chechitatu maive nekamuri huru yeinjini ine zvishandiso zvekubatsira. Compartment IV ine imba yekutandarira ine zvigaro makumi manomwe. Yaive ine matafura, masofa akapfava uye zvituru zvemabhawa. Kuburuka kubva panhongonya huru kwaikwidza masitepisi ekuenda kuSaloon. Staircase kubva kudhizaini huru yakapawo mukana kune 70-zvigaro zvezasi saloon. Yakanga iri muchikamu chechishanu. Muchikamu VI pakanga paine tangi yeballast, uye muchikamu VII - bhokisi reketani.

Kunodzika kwakadzika kwechikepe, Ndira 25, 1967 Zbigniew Kosikarz kubva muunganidzwa weMunyori.

Deki huru, yakafukidzwa chose, yaisanganisira horo yakapamhama ine zvigaro 14 uye saloon huru muuta. Nechekuseri kwaiva nevharanda raigona kutakura vanhu makumi mashanu nevaviri. Maivawo nezvimbuzi zvevakadzi nevarume. Kubva muhoro maive nemibururu kuenda kudhiriki huru nemikova yaienda nechepamusoro.

Pamusoro pedenga repamusoro pakanga paine zviumbwa zviviri - imwe padyo neuta, imwe iri pedyo nekumashure. Iyo yekumberi superstructure yaigara wheelhouse, radio room, navigational cabin, captain's and chief mate's cabin. Chiratidzo uye mast yekufambisa yakaiswa pane superstructure. Muaft superstructure pakanga pane kamuri yejenareta nemabhatiri, pamwe chete nekudzika kune dheki huru. Pamativi uye mundege ye symmetry yechikepe kuseri kwegumbo kune mabhenji evatakuri. Funnel ine masti diki yakaiswa pane aft superstructure. Zvikepe zvehupenyu zvakavhurwa nemadavits zvakaiswa kumashure kumativi ose. Paiva nezvigaro zana nemakumi maviri pamusoro pedenga repamusoro. Pakazara, pakanga paine zvigaro zve120 muHalka.

Kupedza basa muHalka, Kurume 1967 Zbigniew Kosikarz kubva muunganidzwa weMunyori.

fitness

Ijimu iyi yaive mukamuri yechitatu isingapindi mvura kubva kumashure. Mukova wairi waiitwa kubva padivi penzvimbo dzevashandi kuburikidza nemagonhi asingapindi mvura aivharika otomatiki kana moto kana mafashama mukamuri iyi kana kuvhurwa kubva muwiricheya. Injini mbiri dze8NVD 36 Au dhiziri dzakagadzirwa naSchwermaschinenbau Karl Liebknecht (SKL) kubva kuMagdeburg (zvino kuEast Germany) dzakashandiswa semutyairi mukuru. Aya aive 8-cylinder, akananga kudzoreredzwa supercharged units. Mumwe nemumwe wavo aive nesimba re560 hp. pa500 rpm. - vakatangwa vachishandisa mweya wakatsikirirwa nekumanikidza kwe30 kg / cm2. Kutonhodzwa kweinjini kwakanga kusina kunanga, uye mafuta akanga achitenderera.

Pasi skirt yaive netwin-screw drive. Muimba yejini maiva nemagetsi mana emagetsi mujini-jenereta system, ine simba re 4 kVA. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvechikepe zvaifambiswa nemagetsi anotevera: 27 x 3 V, 380 x 3 V uye 220 V AC uye 24 V DC.

Hulk panguva yekudzokorora munaJune 1967. Kuunganidzwa kwemunyori

Anchor midziyo

Yaiva nechitsigiso chinotyairwa nemagetsi uye chiwinji chinosungirirwa chiri mundege inoenzana yengarava padanho repamusoro muuta. Iyo underskirt yaive yakashongedzerwa mbiri dzeHoro anchors dzinorema 500 kg imwe neimwe. Dzakaturikwa pamabhaudhi eanchor. Kurasa mumvura kwaiitwa nemaoko mushure mekuburitsa mabhureki pamukwidza.

Moring midziyo

Ngarava yacho yakanga ine mabhodhoro masere anosungirirwa, mana kurutivi rumwe norumwe. Bow bollards yaive padenga repamusoro, kumashure - pane iyo huru. Maviri hawse ane rollers akaiswa pauta hwe stem.

Midziyo yekuchengetedza

Zvinoenderana nemirau yaishanda panguva iyoyo, iyo Hulk yaive neaviri mahydroaluminum lifeboat. Mumwe nemumwe wavo aive ne24 hp mukati memoto injini. uye akagara vanhu makumi maviri nevatatu. Vakadzikiswa vachibatsirwa nemadavits. Nechepamusoro pengarava paive nemabhuya aishanda sezvigaro zvevafambi. Munjodzi, vaigona kukandwa mugungwa senzira inoponesa upenyu. Matatu emabhenji aya aikwanisa kutakura vanhu makumi maviri mumvura, uye vanomwe vavo - 23. Petticoat zvakare yakanga ine 20 pakutanga, uye gare gare zvidimbu makumi maviri nemana ezviputi zvinoputika 16-zvigaro zvehupenyu zvakaiswa mumatanho anokosha.

Hulk's passenger ship. Kudhirowa naValdemar Danielevich

Navigation uye zviratidzo zvekushandisa

Iyo yaisanganisira seti yemagetsi ekufambisa, redhiyo yekutaurirana mudziyo, radar, echo sounder uye maviri ePlath magnetic compasi.

Midziyo yekudzima moto

Iyo Hulk yaive nemaitiro maviri ekudzivirira moto. - mvura uye gasi. Mukuwedzera, yakanga yakashongedzerwa nemahydrants uye zvinodzimisa moto.

Operation kufambira mberi

Sezvatotaurwa, hull yakatangwa muna Ndira 25, 1967. "Galka" yakarongerwa kuendeswa kune muridzi wechikepe, kureva, Gdansk Shipping Company muGdansk, pakupera kwaJune 1967. chinhu chitsva chevashandi vepanzvimbo yezvikepe, zvakanga zvisina kutsamwa. Heino nzira iyo matambudziko enzvimbo yezvikepe akatsanangurwa mu "Coastal Manheru" yeAugust 4, 1967: Nzvimbo yezvikepe muPlenevo ndiyo ine mhosva.³ ngarava inotakura "Galka" ichaiswa mukushanda nekunonoka kwakanyanya. Dare rekugamuchira rakaburitsa hurema hunosvika mazana mana nemakumi mashanu nemana. Nokudaro, chikepe chichabhururuka pasi pemureza kwete mberi kwemwedzi.

Pakupedzisira, Halka (SNYF chiratidzo chekuzivikanwa) yakaendeswa kumuridzi wechikepe munaChikunguru 21, 1967. Kusimudzwa kwepamutemo kwemureza kwakaitika muna Chikunguru 25 paGreen Gate paRwizi rweMotława muGdansk at ul. 11:00. Kaputeni wekutanga aive Capt. yakanakisa kuburitsa Tadeusz Przesmycki. Ngarava yakatumirwa kumutsara weGdansk-Sopot-Hel. Mumazuva maviri okutanga, akatakura vashanyi vanopfuura 2000 600. Kutumirwa kweKhalka kwakabvumira muridzi wechikepe kutakura vashanyi kubva kuHel kana kuHel, iyo isati yapiwa nezvikepe zveSZ-390 uye SZ-XNUMX mhando mumamiriro ekunze ane dutu.

Muna 1975, iyo Hulk yakavakwazve, iyo yakachinja zvishoma silhouette yake. Kushanda kwayo hakuna kuchinja, yakafamba nechikepe kubva kuGdansk kana Gdynia kuenda kuHel kuburikidza neSopot. Mugore rimwe chete, Żegluga Gdańska, muchibvumirano neNavy uye manejimendi eguta muHel, akavhura kubatanidza munzira yeGdynia-Hel-Gdynia, inoshanda kubva munaNovember kusvika pakupera kwaKurume. Iyo Hulk yakashandiswa pane charter hwaro hwekosi mune izvi. Yaishandiswa nevashandi veNavy (100 vanhu) uye City Administration muHel (20 vanhu), sezvo ngarava yaigona kugamuchira vanhu painofamba nechando. Kana pasina icing, nhamba yevafambi inogona kuwedzerwa kusvika kumazana mazana maviri. Matikiti emwedzi aishanda mungarava. Iyo yekubatanidza inogona zvakare kushandiswa nevafambi vanotenga tikiti rimwe chete. Munguva yezhizha, ngarava yakanga ichiri mumigwagwa yevashanyi kuenda kuHel.

Iyo petticoat inosungirirwa kune pier muSopot.

Musi waNdira 10, 1990, Rzegluga Gdańska aifanira kusiya kubatana kwematsutso-yechando naHel. Mauto eNavy akaramba kutenga matikiti emwedzi nemwedzi, sezvo mutengo waipiwa nemuridzi wengarava wakanga usingagamuchiriki kumauto. Chikonzero chekuwedzera kwemitengo yetikiti yaive, zvinosuruvarisa, kuwedzera kwemitengo yemafuta. Kushandiswa kwe "Galka" kwakapinzwa mubvunzo - kwanga kusingagoneki kumuridzi wengarava kwemwaka we4-mwedzi. Muna 1991, vatungamiri veGdansk Shipping Company vakasaina chibvumirano neGreece mugari Georg Tzanoikakis kubva kuPiraeus pamakore matatu ekubhadhara chikepe pamwe nekukwanisa kuitengesa. Mugore rimwe chetero, iyo Hulk, pasi pekuraira kwaCapt. Adam Baranski akafamba kubva kuGdynia kuenda kuPiraeus ari ega nevashandi vekuPoland. Ikoko zita rake rakachinjwa kuva Georg uye mureza wechiGiriki wakasimudzwa. Muna Nyamavhuvhu 1992, ngarava yakasungwa ikatumirwa kuPiraeus nekuti yaishandiswa kupinza zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo. Muridzi wengarava weGreece aive mumashure mekubhadhara kubva kuGdansk Shipping Company, iyo yakatanga kuedza kudzosera ngarava. Iko mukana wekuunza Halki munyika yakatofungidzirwa, iyo, zvisinei, yaisanganiswa nemitengo yakakwira. Mhinduro yakanakisisa ingadai iri kutengesa, uye izvi zvakaitika. Muna 1993, ngarava yakatengeswa kumuridzi wengarava wechiGiriki Eastmed Lines Inc. ne20 yemadhora. yakavakirwa muDover, Delaware, USA. Mushure mekuvakazve uye kutsiva injini, akatumidzwa zita rekuti Paloma. Akabatana nesangano iri muna 000, achifamba nechikepe kubva kuPiraeus kuenda kuCrete. Sezvineiwo, munyori akatadza kumisa magumo ake.

Hulk muDziva reMutungamiri muGdynia. Muunganidzwa wemifananidzo waJ. Mishevsky

Munguva yekufamba pasi pemureza wePoland, vatungamiri vechikepe vaiva: Adam Baransky, Krzysztof Cieslak, Roman Cybulsky, Stanislav Goła, Tadeusz Przesmycki, Zbigniew Sacewicz naMieczysław Sobczynski. Vatakuri uye kushambadzira ngarava Halka muPresidential Basin muGdynia. Muunganidzwa wemifananidzo waJ. Mishevsky

Muunganidzwa wemifananidzo waJ. Mishevsky

¹ Żegluga Gdańska yaive nechikepe chimwe chaikwanisa kufamba zvakadaro. Yakanga iri m / s Mazowsze, yakavakwa panzvimbo yezvikepe yeHungary. Ngarava iyi yainyanya kushandiswa nemuridzi wengarava munzendo dzekune dzimwe nyika muBaltic neNorth Seas, kunyangwe akadanawo kuUstka, Kołobrzeg uye Swinoujście.

² Iyo Gdańsk river shipyard muGdańsk Górki Zachodnie yakaverengerwa muSangano reMarine Repair Yards, ichitora zita rekuti Wisla Shipyard muna Ndira 1, 1967.

³ Muzvinyorwa, izwi remazuva ano nzvimbo yezvikepe "Wistula" - yaimbonzi Gdańska Stocznia Rzeczna, iri chaizvo munzvimbo yakavakidzana yeGórki Zachodnie - serwizi rwengarava muPlenevo.