Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
Matipi evatyairi

Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa

Izvo zvinowanzoitika kukanganisa kwemotokari, kusanganisira VAZ 2107, kunosanganisira matambudziko nemidziyo yemagetsi. Sezvo simba remagetsi mumotokari ndiro jenareta uye bhatiri, kutanga kwejini uye kushanda kwevatengi vose kunoenderana nekushanda kwavo kusina kukanganisa. Sezvo bhatiri uye jenareta zvichishanda tandem, hupenyu hwesevhisi uye nguva yekushanda kweiyo yekutanga zvinoenderana neiyo yekupedzisira.

Kutarisa VAZ 2107 jenareta

Jenareta ye "zvinomwe" inogadzira magetsi kana injini iri kushanda. Kana paine matambudziko nazvo, kutsvaga kwezvikonzero uye kubviswa kwekuputsika kunofanirwa kutariswa nekukurumidza. Panogona kuva nematambudziko akawanda nejenareta. Naizvozvo, zvinobvira kusashanda zvinoda kugadziriswa zvakadzama.

Diode bhiriji bvunzo

Iro diode bhiriji rejenareta rine akati wandei rectifier diode, kune iyo alternating voltage inopihwa, uye inogara voltage inobuda. Kuita kwejenareta pachayo kwakananga kunoenderana nekushanda kwezvinhu izvi. Dzimwe nguva diode dzinotadza uye dzinoda kuongororwa nekutsiviwa. Diagnostics inoitwa uchishandisa multimeter kana 12 V mota mwenje girobhu.

Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
Iyo diode bhiriji mujenareta yakagadzirirwa kushandura AC voltage kuita DC

Multimeter

Iyo nzira ine matanho anotevera:

  1. Isu tinotarisa diode imwe neimwe zvakasiyana, tichibatanidza probes yechigadzirwa mune imwe nzvimbo, uye tozoshandura polarity. Mune imwe nzira, multimeter inofanira kuratidza kusingaperi kushorwa, uye mune imwe - 500-700 ohms.
    Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
    Paunenge uchitarisa diode ine multimeter mune imwe nzvimbo, mudziyo unofanirwa kuratidza kusingaperi kurwisa kukuru, uye mune imwe - 500-700 Ohms.
  2. Kana imwe ye semiconductor zvinhu iine kushoma kana kusingaperi kuramba panguva yekuenderera mumativi ese, ipapo inogadzirisa inoda kugadziriswa kana kutsiviwa.
    Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
    Kana iyo diode kuramba yakakwira zvakanyanya panguva yekuyedzwa mumativi ese, anogadzirisa anoonekwa seakanganisa.

Mwenje

Kana iwe usina multimeter padyo, unogona kushandisa yakajairwa 12 V mwenje girobhu:

  1. Isu tinobatanidza iyo isina kunaka terminal yebhatiri kumuviri weiyo diode bhiriji. Isu tinobatanidza mwenje mugomba pakati pekubatana kwakanaka kwebhatiri uye kubuda kwejenereta yakanyorwa "30". Kana mwenje uchivhenekera, bhiriji re diode rakashata.
  2. Kuti titarise madhiodhi asina kunaka emugadzirisi, tinobatanidza minus yechitubu chemagetsi nenzira imwechete seyaive mundima yapfuura, uye kuwedzera kuburikidza negirobhu remwenje ine diode bhiriji inokwira bhaudhi. Rambi rinopfuta kana kupenya rinoratidza matambudziko nedhiodhi.
  3. Kuti titarise zvinhu zvakanaka, tinobatanidza mabhatiri ekuwedzera kuburikidza nemwenje kune terminal "30" yejenereta. Batanidza iyo negative terminal kune bhaudhi. Kana mwenje usina kuvhenekera, iyo inogadzirisa inoonekwa sekushanda.
  4. Kuti uongorore mamwe madhiodhi, iyo minus yebhatiri inoramba iri munzvimbo imwechete senge mundima yapfuura, uye iyo yekuwedzera kuburikidza nemwenje yakabatana kune "61" terminal yejenareta.. Mwenje unopenya unoratidza matambudziko ane diode.
    Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
    Kuti utarise diode bhiriji nemwenje, zvirongwa zvakasiyana zvekubatanidza zvinoshandiswa zvinoenderana nezvinhu zviri kuongororwa.

Vhidhiyo: kuongororwa kweiyo rectifier unit ine girobhu remwenje

☝ kutarisa diode zambuko

Baba vangu, sevamwe varidzi vazhinji vezvigadzirwa zvemotokari dzepamba, vakashandisa kugadzirisa jenareta rectifier unit nemaoko avo. Zvadaro diode dzinodiwa dzaigona kuwanikwa pasina matambudziko. Iye zvino zvikamu zvekugadzirisa rectifier hazvisi nyore kuwana. Nokudaro, kana diode bhiriji ichiputsika, inotsiviwa neimwe itsva, kunyanya sezvo izvi zviri nyore kuita pane kugadzirisa.

Kutarisa relay regulator

Sezvo magetsi akasiyana-siyana akaiswa paVAZ "manomwe", zvakakosha kuti ugare uchitarisa mumwe nomumwe wavo zvakadzama.

Yakasanganiswa relay

Iyo yakasanganiswa relay inobatanidzwa nemabhurashi uye yakaiswa pane jenareta. Iwe unogona kuibvisa pasina kuputsa iyo yekupedzisira, kunyange zvisingazove nyore. Iwe unofanirwa kusvika kuseri kwejenereta, sunungura zviputi zviviri zvakachengetedza relay uye uzvibvise kubva pagomba rinokosha.

Kuti utarise voltage regulator iwe uchada:

Iyo nzira pachayo ine matanho anotevera:

  1. Isu tinobatanidza iyo minus yebhatiri pasi peiyo relay, uye kuwedzera kune yayo kuonana "B". Isu tinobatanidza girobhu remwenje kumabhurashi. Mhedzisiro yemagetsi haisati yabatanidzwa munharaunda. Mwenje unofanirwa kuvhenekera, nepo voltage ichifanirwa kunge iri 12,7 V.
  2. Isu tinobatanidza magetsi kune zviteshi zvebheteri, tichicherechedza polarity, uye kuwedzera magetsi kusvika 14,5 V. Chiedza chinofanira kubuda. Kana iyo voltage inodonha, inofanira kuvhenekera zvakare. Kana zvisina kudaro, relay inofanira kutsiviwa.
  3. Tinoramba tichiwedzera tension. Kana ikasvika 15-16 V, uye chiedza chinoramba chichipisa, izvi zvicharatidza kuti relay-regulator haigadziri magetsi anopiwa kubheteri. Chikamu chinoonekwa sechisiri-kushanda, chinodzosera bhatiri.
    Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
    Iyo yakasanganiswa relay ine voltage regulator uye dhizaini dhizaini, iyo inotariswa uchishandisa simba remagetsi rine inosiyana inobuda voltage.

Separate relay

Iro rakasiyana relay rakasungirirwa pamuviri wemotokari, uye mhepo kubva kune jenareta inotanga kuenda kwairi, uye kubhatiri. Semuenzaniso, funga kutarisa Y112B relay, iyo yakaiswawo pane yekare Zhiguli". Zvichienderana neshanduro, mutongi akadaro anogona kuiswa zvese pamuviri uye pane jenareta pachayo. Isu tinobvisa chikamu uye tinoita nhanho dzinotevera:

  1. Isu tinounganidza dunhu rakafanana nerekare, panzvimbo yemabhurashi tinobatanidza girobhu remwenje kune vanobatana "W" uye "B" yerelay.
  2. Isu tinoita cheki nenzira imwechete senge iri pamusoro nzira. Iyo relay inoonekwawo seyakashata kana mwenje ukaramba uchibvira kana voltage yakwira.
    Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
    Kana mwenje uchivhenekera pamagetsi e12 kusvika ku14,5 V uye uchidzima kana uchisimuka, relay inoonekwa seyakanaka.

yekare relay mhando

Mutongi akadaro akaiswa pane yekare "classic". Chigadzirwa chacho chakabatanidzwa kumuviri, kusimbiswa kwayo kune zvimwe zvakasiyana kubva pane zvakatsanangurwa zvingasarudzwa. Mutongi ane zvinhu zviviri - "67" uye "15". Yokutanga yakabatana kune yakaipa terminal yebhatiri, uye yechipiri kune yakanaka. Iyo girobhu yemwenje yakabatana pakati pevhu uye kubata "67". Kutevedzana kwekuchinja kwemagetsi uye kuita kwerambi kwairi kwakafanana.

Pane imwe nguva, pakutsiva voltage regulator, ndakasangana nemamiriro ezvinhu apo, mushure mekutenga nekuisa chigadziro chitsva pamagetsi ebheteri, panzvimbo yezvakatemerwa 14,2-14,5 V, chigadzirwa chacho chakaratidza kupfuura 15 V. Mutevedzeri mutsva wekugadzirisa akachinja. kungova kukanganisa. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zviri kure nekugara zvichigoneka kuve nechokwadi chakazara chekuita kwechikamu chitsva. Paunenge uchishanda nemugadziri wemagetsi, ndinogara ndichidzora zviyero zvinodiwa nerubatsiro rwechigadzirwa. Kana paine matambudziko nekuchaja bhatiri (kuwedzeredza kana undercharging), ipapo ini ndotanga kugadzirisa nevoltage regulator. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kudhura chikamu chejenereta, iyo yakananga zvinoenderana nekuti bhatiri richabhadharwa sei. Naizvozvo, ini ndinogara ndakatakura spare relay-regulator neni, sezvo kusashanda kunogona kuitika panguva isina kufanira, uye pasina bhatiri kuchaja haungafambi zvakanyanya.

Vhidhiyo: kutarisa jenareta relay-regulator pa "classic"

Condenser bvunzo

Iyo capacitor inoshandiswa mumagetsi regulator redunhu seanodzvanyirira yakakwira frequency ruzha. Chikamu chakabatanidzwa zvakananga kune jenereta imba. Dzimwe nguva zvinogona kukundikana.

Kuongorora hutano hwechinhu ichi kunoitwa nechinhu chakakosha. Nekudaro, iwe unogona kupfuura nedhijitari multimeter nekusarudza kuyerwa kwe1 MΩ:

  1. Isu tinobatanidza probes yechigadzirwa kune zviteshi zve capacitor. Nechinhu chinoshanda, kushorwa kuchave kudiki pakutanga, mushure mezvo kuchatanga kuwedzera kusvika kusingagumi.
  2. Isu tinoshandura polarity. Kuverenga kwemidziyo kunofanirwa kunge kwakafanana. Kana iyo capacitance yakaputsika, ipapo kushorwa kuchava kudiki.

Kana chikamu chikakundikana, zviri nyore kuchitsiva. Kuti uite izvi, ingosunungura chisungo chakabata chigadziko uye kugadzirisa waya.

Vhidhiyo: maitiro ekutarisa capacitor yejenareta yemotokari

Kutarisa mabhurashi uye zvindori zvekutsvedza

Kuti utarise zvindori zvinotsvedza pa rotor, jenareta inoda kuparadzaniswa zvishoma nekubvisa kumashure. Diagnostics inoumbwa nekutarisa kwekuona kwevanobatika kune zvikanganiso uye kupfeka. Iyo dhayamita shoma yezvindori inofanira kuva 12,8 mm. Zvikasadaro, anchor inofanira kutsiviwa. Mukuwedzera, zvinokurudzirwa kuchenesa vanobatana ne-grained sandpaper.

Mabhurashi anoongororwawo, uye kana akapfeka zvakanyanya kana kukuvara, anotsiviwa. Kureba kwemabhurashi kunofanirwa kunge kuri 4,5 mm. Muzvigaro zvavo, vanofanira kufamba vakasununguka uye pasina kudhumhana.

Vhidhiyo: kutarisa jenareta bhurashi musangano

Kutarisa ma windings

Jenereta "inomwe" ine mhepo mbiri - rotor uye stator. Yokutanga inosungirirwa uye inogara ichitenderera kana injini iri kushanda, yechipiri inogadziriswa pamutumbi wejenereta pachayo. Mhepo dzimwe nguva inokundikana. Kuti uone kusashanda, unofanirwa kuziva nzira yekusimbisa.

Rotor mhepo

Kuti uongorore rotor mhepo, iwe uchada multimeter, uye iyo pachayo inoumbwa nematanho anotevera:

  1. Isu tinoyera kushorwa pakati pezvindori zvekusangana. Kuverenga kunofanira kuva pakati pe2,3-5,1 ohms. Hunhu hwepamusoro hunoratidza kusabatana kwakashata pakati peinotenderedza inotungamira uye mhete. Kudzikira kwakaderera kunoratidza dunhu diki pakati pekutendeuka. Muzviitiko zvose izvi, anchor inoda kugadziriswa kana kuchinjwa.
    Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
    Kuti utarise iyo rotor windings, iyo multimeter probes yakabatana kune inotsvedza zvindori pane armature.
  2. Isu tinobatanidza bhatiri kune anotenderedza madhiri munhevedzano ine multimeter payezvino kuyerwa muganhu. Mhepo yakanaka inofanirwa kushandisa ikozvino ye3-4,5 A. Hunhu hwepamusoro hunoratidza kupindirana kwedunhu pfupi.
  3. Tarisa iyo rotor insulation kuramba. Kuti tiite izvi, tinobatanidza 40 W rambi kune mains kuburikidza nemhepo. Kana pasina kupokana pakati pemhepo inovhuvhuta nemuviri we armature, ipapo girobhu harizovheneke. Kana rambi rikasavheneka, saka pane ikozvino inodonha pasi.
    Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
    Kutarisa kudzivirira kwekudzivirira kweiyo armature winding kunoitwa nekubatanidza 220 W bulb kune 40 V network kuburikidza nayo.

Stator winding

Iyo yakazaruka kana pfupi yedunhu inogona kuitika ne stator mhepo. Diagnostics zvakare inoitwa uchishandisa multimeter kana 12 V mwenje girobhu:

  1. Pamudziyo, sarudza kupikisa kuyerwa kwemaitiro uye alternately batanidza probes kune zviteshi zvema windings. Kana pasina kuputsa, kushorwa kunofanira kuva mukati me10 ohms. Zvikasadaro, ichave yakakura zvisingaverengeki.
    Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
    Kuti utarise iyo stator mhepo yedunhu rakavhurika, zvinodikanwa kubatanidza probes imwe neimwe kune inotenderera terminals.
  2. Kana mwenje ukashandiswa, saka tinobatanidza bhatiri minus kune imwe yevanotenderera, uye tinobatanidza mabhatiri ekuwedzera kuburikidza nemwenje kune imwe stator terminal. Kana mwenje uchivhenekera, kutenderera kunoonekwa sebasa. Kana zvisina kudaro, chikamu chinofanira kugadziriswa kana kuchinjwa.
    Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
    Paunenge uchiongorora stator coils uchishandisa mwenje, kubatana kwayo kunoitwa munhevedzano nebhatiri uye windings
  3. Kuti titarise mhepo yenguva pfupi kune iyo kesi, tinobatanidza imwe yemultimeter probes kune stator kesi, uye imwe yacho ichienda kune inotenderera terminals. Kana pasina dunhu rakapfupika, kukosha kwekupikisa kuchave kwakakura kusingaperi.
    Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
    Kana, paunenge uchitarisa stator short circuit kune iyo kesi, chigadziro chinoratidza kusagadzikana kukuru kwekudzivirira, kuputika kunofungidzirwa kuva mumamiriro akanaka.
  4. Kuti tiongorore stator winding nokuda kwechidimbu chedunhu, tinobatanidza minus bhatiri kune iyo kesi, uye tinobatanidza kuwedzera kuburikidza nemwenje kune zviteshi zvemhepo. Mwenje unopenya ucharatidza dunhu pfupi.

Bhandi cheki

Jenareta inofambiswa nebhandi kubva painjini crankshaft pulley. Nguva nenguva zvakakosha kutarisa tension yebhanhire, nokuti kana yakasunungurwa, matambudziko ekuchaja bhatiri anogona kuitika. Zvakakoshawo kubhadhara kutendeseka kwezvinhu zvebhanhire. Kana paine zvinooneka delaminations, misodzi uye kumwe kukuvadza, chinhu chinoda kutsiviwa. Kuti utarise kushushikana kwayo, tevera matanho aya:

  1. Isu tinodzvanya rimwe rematavi ebhanhire, semuenzaniso, ne screwdriver, panguva imwe chete tichiyera kutsauka nemutongi.
    Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
    Bhandi rinofanirwa kusimbiswa nenzira kwayo, sezvo pamusoro kana pasi pesimba rinokanganisa kwete kubhadharisa bhatiri chete, asiwo kupfeka kwealternator uye pombi mabheji.
  2. Kana kukanganisa kusingawire mukati mehupamhi hwe 12-17 mm, gadzirisa bhanhire rinoputika. Kuti uite izvi, sunungura gomo repamusoro rejenareta, uchifambisa iyo yekupedzisira kuenda kana kure nejini block, uye wobva wasimbisa nati.
    Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
    Kuti ugadzirise kushushikana kwebhandi realternator, zvakakwana kusunungura nati iri pamusoro pemuviri wayo uye kufambisa iyo michina munzira kwayo, wobva waisimbisa.

Ndisati ndafamba rwendo rurefu, ndinogara ndichiongorora bhandi realternator. Kunyange kana kunze chigadzirwa chisina kukuvadzwa, iniwo ndinochengeta bhanhire rakachengetwa pamwe chete nemagetsi regulator, nokuti chero chinhu chinogona kuitika mumugwagwa. Pane imwe nguva ndakamhanyira mumamiriro ezvinhu apo bhanhire rakaputsika uye matambudziko maviri akamuka panguva imwe chete: kusavapo kwebheteri uye pombi isingashandisi, nokuti pombi haina kutenderera. Spare belt yakabatsira.

Bearing cheki

Kuitira kuti kusashanda kwejenareta kunokonzerwa nemabheji akajairwa hakukutore iwe kushamisika, kana ruzha rwehunhu ruchioneka, unofanirwa kuvatarisa. Nokuda kweizvi, jenareta ichada kubviswa kubva mumotokari uye kuparadzaniswa. Isu tinoita diagnostics nenzira inotevera:

  1. Isu nemaziso tinoongorora mabheya, tichiedza kuona kukuvadzwa kwekeji, mabhora, separator, zviratidzo zvekuora..
    Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
    Iyo alternator inotakura inogona kutadza semugumisiro wekutsemuka kwekeji, kupatsanurwa kwakatsemuka, kana kubuda kukuru kwemabhora.
  2. Isu tinoongorora kana zvikamu zvinotenderera zviri nyore, kana paine ruzha uye kutamba, yakakura sei. Nekutamba kwakasimba kana zviratidzo zvinooneka zvekupfeka, chigadzirwa chinoda kuchinjwa.
    Sei iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta inotadza uye cheki yayo yakadzikwa
    Kana panguva yekuongorora kuputika kwakawanikwa pachivharo chejenereta, chikamu ichi cheimba chinofanira kuchinjwa

Paunenge uchitarisa, kutarisa kunofanirawo kubhadharwa kune chivharo chepamberi chejenereta. Haifanirwe kuve nekutsemuka kana kumwe kukuvadzwa. Kana kukanganisa kunowanikwa, chikamu chinotsiviwa neitsva.

Zvikonzero zvekukundikana kweVAZ 2107 jenareta

Jenareta pa "nomwe" inokundikana kazhinji, asi kuparara kuchiri kuitika. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuziva zvakawanda nezvekuti malfunctions anozviratidza sei.

Kuputsika kana kuputsika kwemhepo

Kuita kwejenereta zvakananga kunoenderana nehutano hwemakoiri ejenareta. Nemakoiri, kuputsa uye kupfupika kwedunhu rekutendeuka, kuparara kwemuviri kunogona kuitika. Kana iyo rotor winding ikaputsika, hapazovi nekuchaja kwebhatiri, iyo icharatidzwa nechiedza chinopenya chebhatiri padashboard. Kana dambudziko riri mukupfupika kwekoiri kune imba, saka kusashanda kwakadaro kunonyanya kuitika panzvimbo iyo migumo yemhepo inobuda kune inotsvedza zvindori. Iyo pfupi yedunhu re stator inoitika nekuda kwekutyorwa kwekuvharirwa kwetambo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, jenareta ichapisa zvakanyanya uye haizokwanisi kunyatsochaja bhatiri. Kana iyo stator coils yakapfupikiswa kune imba, jenareta inozhamba, inopisa, uye simba richaderera.

Pakutanga, jenareta windings yaidzokororwa kana ikakuvadzwa, asi ikozvino anenge hapana anoita izvi. Chikamu chinongotsiviwa neimwe itsva.

Brush kupfeka

Mabhurashi ejenareta anopa voltage kumunda wemhepo. Kusashanda kwavo kunotungamirira kumhosva isina kugadzikana kana kusavapo kwayo zvachose. Muchiitiko chekukundikana kwebhurashi:

Relay-mutongi

Kana, mushure mekutanga injini, mhepo pamagetsi ebheteri yakaderera kupfuura 13 V kana kuti yakakwirira kudarika 14 V, ipapo kusashanda kunogona kukonzerwa nekushaya simba regulator. Kukundikana kwechigadzirwa ichi kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya hupenyu hwebhatiri. Kana mushure mehusiku hwekupaka iyo yekutanga haina kutendeuka kana iwe ukaona chena smudges pabhatiri pachayo, saka inguva yekuongorora relay-regulator.

Chishandiso ichi chinogona kunge chine matambudziko anotevera:

Mutero unogona kunge usipo nekuda kwekupfeka kana kutonhora kwemabhurashi, iyo inosanganiswa nekuderera kwezvitubu panguva yekushandiswa kwenguva refu.

Diode kuputsika

Kutadza kwebhiriji diode kunogona kutungamirwa ne:

Kana kuvimbika kwedhiodhi muchiitiko che "kuvhenekera" kunoenderana nekuteerera kwemuridzi wemotokari, saka hapana munhu akachengeteka kubva pakukanganisa kwezvinhu zviviri zvekutanga.

Mabheyaringi

Iyo VAZ 2107 jenareta ine 2 bhora mabheji anovimbisa kutenderera kwemahara kwe rotor. Dzimwe nguva jenareta inogona kuita manzwi asina maitiro ekushanda kwayo, semuenzaniso, ruzha kana ruzha rwekunze. Kubvisa alternator uye kuzora mabearings kunogona chete kugadzirisa dambudziko kwenguva pfupi. Nokudaro, zvakanakisisa kutsiva zvikamu. Kana vakapedza pfuma yavo, ipapo jenareta ichaita ruzha runotinhira. Hazvina kukodzera kunonoka kugadzirisa, sezvo kune mukana wakakura wejamming gungano uye kumisa rotor. Mabearings anogona kutsemuka nekuhon'era nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekuzora, kupfeka zvinorema, kana kusashanda zvakanaka.

Vhidhiyo: mabheji ejenareta anoita ruzha

Zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa chero kusashanda kweVAZ "manomwe" jenareta nemaoko ako pachako. Kuti uone dambudziko, hazvidikanwi kuva nemichina yakakosha, kuva nezivo uye unyanzvi mukushanda nemagetsi emotokari yemotokari, kunyange zvazvo isingazove yakanyanyisa. Kuti uedze jenareta, digital multimeter kana 12 V chiedza girobhu inokwana.

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