Nyaya yePolish panguva yeHondo Huru, chikamu 4
"Pfuma yePolski neGungwa reBaltic", mufananidzo waWojciech Kossak unoratidza zviitiko muPuck, Kukadzi 10, 19920. Iyo Pomeranian Rifle Division yakatanga basa rayo muna Ndira 16 muTorun. Yakabatanidzwa ne18th Wielkopolska Rifle Division (2nd Infantry Division). Musi waFebruary 15, 11, varwi vekupedzisira vakabva kuGdansk.
1918 yakaunza rusununguko kuPoles, asi nyika yePoland yakaumbwa muna 1919. Makanga muri muna 1919 apo sarudzo dzakaitwa pamusoro pechimiro chemukati menyika uye kutsvaga rutsigiro munyika dzegutsaruzhinji dzeWestern Europe. Vachiri kushanda nanhasi. Muna 1919, Republic of Poland yakabatanidzwa muhondo dzinoverengeka dzezvombo, asi dzaingova dzoukoshi hushoma. Muedzo chaiwo wehurumende yechidiki nemauto ayo waifanira kuitika muna 1920.
Manheru erusununguko, Poland yaingova neuto rechiratidzo chete. Mwoyo wavo wakaumbwa nezviuru zvevarwi veHondo yePoland Kingdom yePoland. Muna Gumiguru, nhamba yevarwi yakapetwa kaviri uye yakapfuura 10 000. MunaNovember, mauto matsva akaonekwa: zvikamu zveaimbova mauto eAustro-Hungarian akaiswa polonized muLesser Poland, uye zvikamu zvePolish Military Organization (VOEN) zvakasikwa muHumambo hwekare. wePoland. Vakanga vasina hunyanzvi hwekurwa: kudzoreredzwa kwemauto ehumambo-yamambo kwakatungamira mukupunzika kwezvikamu zvaivepo, nepo muHumambo hwePoland zvikamu zvevasungwa vehondo zvaive zvakanyanya kuumbwa kweruzhinji. Kugadzwa kwehurongwa hwemukati - kubviswa kwezvombo kwemapoka akasiyana-siyana nemakororo, kubviswa kwevanozviti vevashandi 'nevarimi' republic - kwakaenderera kusvika pakutanga kwa1919.
Kushaya simba kwemauto ePoland kunoratidzwa nenyaya yekuti boka rehondo revanhu vasingasviki zviuru zviviri rakagoverwa kutanga kukuru kwemauto - kusunungurwa kweLviv. Naizvozvo, Lvov aifanira kurwa oga kwevhiki dzinoverengeka. Muhondo nemuvengi wekunze - pakupera kwa2000 na1918 ivo vainyanya maRusyns, Czechs neBolshevik maRussia - ndiko kune mavambo emapoka akasarudzika pamutsetse wepamberi. Pakupera kwa1919, mapoka mana aya aireva kuti Mauto ePoland aiva nemasoja anenge 1918 50. Chikamu chechishanu chemauto aive Greater Poland Army, yakarongwa kubva muna Ndira 000, uye yechitanhatu yaive "Blue" Mauto, ndiko kuti, mauto akarongwa muFrance neItaly.
Kuvaka uye kuwedzera kwemauto ePoland
Hwaro hwemauto hwakanga huri varwi vetsoka. Bato rayo guru rehondo rakanga riri boka remasoja akawanda. Iwo mabheti aive chikamu chemauto, asi marejimendi aive nemabasa ekutonga uye ekudzidzisa: boka rakadaro raive neboka revarwi kune imwe nzvimbo mukati menyika, kwaraidzidzisa mamwe masoja, kuvapfekedza uye kuvapa chikafu. Basa rehondo panhandare yehondo rakanga riri duku zvikuru, sezvo kupatsanurwa ndiko kwainyanya kukosha. Kupatsanurwa kwacho kwaive kuumbwa kwehunyanzvi, rudzi rweuto mudiki: rakabatanidza mauto evacheche, mabhatiri ezvombo uye mauto evatasvi vemabhiza, nekuda kwaaigona kuzvimiririra kuitisa marudzi ese ehondo. Mukuita, mauto asina kurongeka mumapoka hachizi chinhu kunze kwemhomho yakashongedzerwa, kana iri sangano remauto rakarongeka.
Kusvika muchirimo cha1919, pakanga pasina kupatsanurwa muUto rePoland. Mapoka ehondo akasiana-siana akarwa kumberi, uye mauto evazvipiri vechiduku vakadzidziswa akaumbwa munyika yacho. Nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyorwa uku hakuna kuitwa mumwedzi yekutanga. Varwi vakaomeswa nehondo yeGreat Patriotic War vaida kudzokera kumhuri dzavo nekukasira, uye kudanwa kwavo kuhondo kwaigona kuguma mukutiza uye kunyange kumukirana. Mumauto ose matatu aipatsanura maive nekuvirisa kwechimurenga, zvaive zvakafanira kumirira kusvika mafungiro adzikama. Uyezve, masangano ehurumende yechidiki yePoland haana kukwanisa kutarisana nekunyoreswa: kugadzirira mazita ezvinyorwa, kuvaisa, uye kunyanya kukosha, kumanikidzira avo vasingadi yunifomu. Asi dambudziko guru raiva rekushaikwa kwemari zvachose. Hondo inodhura mari, saka chekutanga waifanira kuona kuti ndezvipi zviwanikwa zvaunazvo, kumisa hurongwa hwemari, uye kugadzira hurongwa hwekuunganidza mutero hunoshanda. Kunyoresa kwakatangwa muna Ndira 15, 1919 nechirevo cheMutungamiriri weNyika.
Pakutanga, yaifanirwa kuumba zvikamu gumi nemaviri zvevacheche, asi zvakakurumidza kuva pachena kuti nyika yePoland inobvumira nhamba iyi kuti iwedzere. Kukamukana kwakatanga kuumbwa chete pakutanga kwaMarch naApril 12. Kunyange zvazvo zvikwata zvidiki uye zvisina kugadzirirwa zvakarwa nevapambi kwemwedzi inoverengeka, kuzvipira kwavo vari voga kwakaita kuti zvikwanisike kugadzirira mauto akasimba uye akagadzirira kurwa, ayo kusvika kwakangoerekana kwachinja mafambiro ezviitiko. magumo ekurwa. Uye kunyangwe, mukuwedzera kune varwi vetsoka, vatasvi vemabhiza vakarongedzerwawo kuita yakazvimirira tactical mafomu - artillery, sappers, yakasimba kwazvo yendege uye isina kushoma yakasimba zvombo zvehondo - simba rekuumbwa kwechikamu chevacheche rinoratidza zvakajeka matambudziko ezvematongerwo enyika, ehupfumi uye echiuto. yenyika yechidiki yePoland.
Zvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zvakarongwa kutenda kune legionnaires. Vaviri vavo vakarwa neRussia Bolshevik ndokusunungura Vilnius muchirimo cha1919. Vazvipiri veaimbova muganhu wekuzvidzivirira kubva kuKaunas kuenda kuMinsk vakarwa navo. Muna Gumiguru 1919, mapoka maviri akaumbwa, ayo akanzi Lithuanian-Belarusian. Vakaramba vakaparadzana nenzira yekufananidzira kubva kune mamwe mauto ePolish Army, uye varwi vavo vakava simba rinotungamirira zviito zvaGeneral Żeligowski muVilnius. Mushure mehondo, vakava 19 uye 20th Rifle Divisions.
Chikamu chechitatu chevacheche veLegion vakarwa neRusyns neUkraine. Mamwe maviri akaumbwa kumberi kwakafanana: 3th Rifle Regiment yaiva chikamu cheyaimbova rubatsiro rweLviv, uye 4th Rifle Regiment yaiva chikamu cheLvov brigade. Aya anotevera akaumbwa kubva kune regiments mune yaimbova Humambo uye yaimbova Galicia: 5th Infantry Regiment muKrakow, 6th Infantry Regiment muCzęstochowa, 7th Infantry Regiment muWarsaw. Muna Chikumi, 8th Rifle Division yakagadzirwa muPolesie uye 9th Rifle Division yakagadzirwa nekubatanidza maRejimeni eLodz nePolish 10th Rifle Division, yakanga ichangosvika munyika.
