Mauto eRSI achirwa paAnzio bridgehead
Tsigiro yeItaly 81mm dhaka panguva yemoto.
Musi waNdira 22, 1944, muItari, padyo neguta reAnzio, kumashure kwemauto eGerman, XNUMXth American Corps (yakazotsigirwawo nemauto eBritish) yakamhara pasi pekuraira kwaGeneral John Lucas. Vavariro yavo yakanga iri yokunzvenga nhare dzeGustav Line, kugura vadziviriri vayo kubva muuto rose reGermany muItaly, uye kuzarura nzira inoenda kuRoma nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Mberi kwavo kwaive nezvikamu zveGerman XNUMXth Parachute Corps yaGeneral Alfred Schlermm uye LXXVI Panzer Corps yeGeneral Trugott Erra. MaGermany mukurwisana nevatsigiri vakatsigirwa nevabatsiri vavo veItaly kubva kuArmed Forces yeItaly Social Republic.
Kutorwa kweItaly kumauto eAnglo-America munaGunyana 8, 1943 kwakamutsa kukurumidza kubva kuGermany, iyo yakatyora Pact of Steel yakavabatanidza neItari uye yakarwisa mauto eItaly akamira kumaodzanyemba kweFrance, Balkan, Greece neItaly pachayo. Mauto emauto eItaly akakurumidza kukurirwa uye nyika zhinji yakawira pasi pehutongi hweGerman. Mambo, hurumende uye vazhinji vezvikepe zvehumambo vakapotera munzvimbo dzaigarwa nevabatsiri. Musi waGunyana 23, 1943, munzvimbo dzaidzorwa neGermany, Benito Mussolini, akasunungurwa semugumisiro wechiito cheushingi nemauto eparatroopers eGermany, akazivisa nyika itsva - Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana, RSI).
Mukuwedzera kune mauto epasi - Esercito Nazionale Repubblicano (ENR) - hurumende yeMussolini, ichivimba nevatsigiri veGermany, yakatumira chikwata cheWaffen-SS kuti chirwe kudivi reTatu Reich, iyo inenge 20 1944 vanhu vakapfuura. vakuru vakuru, vasina kutumwa vakuru uye masoja (mu "peak form" muna Zvita 15, yakaverengerwa 1944 1 vanhu). Panguva yekusikwa kwayo, chikwata chainzi Italienische Freiwilligen Verland (SS Legion Italiana), muna March 1 yakagadziridzwa zvakare mu 1. Italienische Freiwilligen Sturmbrigade (9a Brigata d'Assalto), muna June kupinda 1st Sturmbrigade Italienische Freiwilligen Legion, munaSeptember yakanga yatova 1945th SS Grenadier Brigade (Italian No. 29), uye muna March 1 chikamu chakasikwa pasi pezita rechi28 SS Grenadier Division (Italian No. 1943). Vakuru vayo vaive: kubva 28 Gumiguru 6 SS-Brigadeführer Peter Hansen (pakati pe1943 Gumiguru na10 Zvita 1944 yakarairwa naSS-Standartenführer Gustav Lombard), kubva 20 Chivabvu 1944 SS-Oberführer Otto Jungkuntz uye kubva 10 SSXNUMX SStan SS XNUMX. Heldmann. Waffen Brigadeführer Pietro Manelli ndiye aive inspector wezvikamu zveItaly zveWaffen-SS. Iyi unit haina kumbobvira yashanda se compact formation. Iyo Italian Legion yeSS, yakaumbwa kubva kuVolunteer Legion yeArmed Militia (Milizia Armata), yaive nemauto matatu evacheche uye XNUMX akazvimirira emauto evacheche akamiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana kuchamhembe kweItari.
Musi wa10 Gumiguru, 1943, iyo RSI (Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana, ANR) yakagadzirwa. Iyo Folgore Parachute Regiment (Reggimento Paracadutisti "Folgore") yaive zvakare pasi pekuraira kweAgricultural Property Agency. Mazuva maviri gare gare, mukupindura kudanwa kwemukurumbira Colonel Ernesto Botto, kuumbwa kwezvikwata zvendege kwakatanga. Botto aive mutyairi wemauto kusvika pakati, haana kumira kubhururuka kunyangwe adimburwa gumbo. Ndicho chikonzero akawana zita rokuti "Iron Leg". Mukuwedzera, aiziva Munda Marshal Wolfram von Richthofen (mukuru weGermany Air Fleet 2) zvakanaka kwazvo, uyo akafadzwa nebasa rake uye ushingi. Nenguva isipi, vanhu vanomwe vakaungana kuzokwidza nyaya yemukuru mukuru panhandare dzendege dzakasiyana. vatyairi vendege uye nyanzvi dzendege. Kuwedzera kuna Adriano Visconti, vatyairi vendege vakadai saHugo Drago, Mario Bellagambi naTito Falconi, pamwe neane mukurumbira torpedo mabhomba akadai saMarino Marini (akanunurwa mushure mekupfurwa neMedithera nevashandi veGerman U-boat U- 7. muna Kukadzi 331), Carlo Fagioni, Irnerio Bertuzzi naOttone Sponza.
Pakutanga kwaCapt. Carlo Fagioni, chikwata che torpedo bombers chinoumbwa paFlorence Airport, pakutanga inosanganisira 3 Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 ndege. Nokukurumidza akaendeswa kuVenice uye akashongedzerwa nemichina 12 yorudzi rumwe cheterwo. Pa 1 Ndira 1944, mauto matatu eGruppo Autonomo Aeroiluranti "Buscaglia" akawana kugadzirira kurwa. Chikwata ichi chakatumidzwa zita remukuru we281st Squadron uye gare gare 132nd Bombardment Squadron, Major V. Carlo Emanuel Buscaglia. Musi waMbudzi 12, 1942, akapfurwa nemurwi weSpitfire muhondo yekurwisa zvikepe zveAllied pachiteshi cheBougi muAlgiers, akanzi akafa uye mushure mekufa akapa Menduru yeGoridhe "For Valor". Mukurangarira iye, vaaishanda navo vakatumidza chikwata chitsva ichi zita rake1.
Iyo RSI Navy (Marina Nazionale Repubblicana, MNR) yakagadzirwa munaGunyana 30, 1943. MaGermany akanga asingavimbi nevatsigiri vavo, saka zvikepe zvizhinji zveItaly zvavakatora (kana kunyura, ndokuzosimudza nokuvakazve) zvakapinda mubasa neKriegsmarine. mureza, nevatungamiriri veGerman - kunyangwe mune dzimwe nzvimbo pakanga pachine vafambisi vezvikepe veItaly (muvashandi). Nechikonzero ichi, mashoma mayuniti akaverengerwa muMNR. Zvikepe zvakawanda zveRSI Navy zvaive zvikepe zvetorpedo (6 hombe uye 18 yepakati), uyezve, vaive nengarava dzepasi pemvura (3 yepakati, 1 diki uye 14 diki; yevashanu vekupedzisira vaishanda muBlack Sea), vavhimi vepasi pemvura (5) -6 ), kanenge 7 minesweeper uye gumi nemaviri (gumi nemaviri?) Mabhoti ekubatsira ekufambisa. Vekupedzisira vaive pasi peGerman Port Guard Flotillas (Hafenschutzflottille) muVenice, Genoa neLa Spezia. Zvichida kwenguva pfupi, MPR yaivewo necorvette. Mukuwedzera, "zvikepe zvitema" (inonzi RSI zvikepe) yakagadzira nzvimbo dzekurwisa ndege pavafambisi vari kuvakwa: Caio Mario muGenoa, Vesuvio uye Etna muTrieste.
