Nheyo yekushanda kweinjini yedhiziri - mufananidzo uye vhidhiyo yemaitiro

Injini dzedhiziri dzakakwanisa kuenda nenzira refu uye yakabudirira yebudiriro kubva kune isingashande uye inosvibisa zvikamu zvekutanga kwezana ramakore remakumi maviri kusvika kune epamusoro ehupfumi uye akanyarara akazara ayo akaiswa muhafu yakanaka yemota dzese dzakagadzirwa nhasi. Asi, pasinei nekugadziriswa kwakabudirira kwakadaro, iyo nheyo yekushanda kwavo, iyo inosiyanisa injini dzedizeli kubva kune peturu, yakaramba yakafanana. Ngatiedzei kufunga nezvenyaya iyi zvakadzama.

Ndeupi misiyano mikuru pakati peinjini dzedhiziri uye peturu injini?

Izvo zvatova pachena kubva kune zita racho pacharo kuti injini dzedizeli hadzishandisi peturu, asi pamafuta edhiziri, ayo anonziwo dhiziri, mafuta edhiziri kana dizeli chete. Hatisi kuzoongorora zvese zvemakemikari maitiro ekunatsa oiri, isu tinongotaura kuti zvese peturu nedhiziri zvinogadzirwa kubva mumafuta. Munguva ye distillation, mafuta akakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakasiyana:

• gaseous - propane, butane, methane;
• sledges (short chain carbohydrates) - inoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwezvinonyungudutsa;
• peturu imvura inoputika uye inokurumidza kubuda pachena;
• parafini nedhiziri zvinwiwa zvine ruvara rweyero uye chimiro chinoonekera kupfuura peturu.

Iko ndiko kuti, mafuta edizeli anobudiswa kubva kune zvikamu zvinorema zvemafuta, chiratidzo chayo chinonyanya kukosha ndechekupisa, kunotsanangurwa nenhamba yecetane. Diesel mafuta inoratidzirwawo nehuwandu hwesarufa, iyo, zvisinei, vari kuedza kuderedza nenzira dzose kuitira kuti mafuta asangane nemitemo yezvakatipoteredza.

Kunge peturu, dhiziri yakakamurwa kuva marudzi akasiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushisa:

• chirimo;
• chando;
• arctic.

Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti mafuta edhiziri anogadzirwa kwete chete kubva kumafuta, asiwo kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemafuta emiriwo - muchindwe, soya, rapeseed, nezvimwewo, yakasanganiswa nedoro remaindasitiri - methanol.

Zvisinei, mafuta ari kudirwa handiwo mutsauko mukuru. Kana tikatarisa peturu uye injini dzedhiziri "mumamiriro ezvinhu", saka hatizocherechedzi chero musiyano wekuona - mapistoni akafanana, matanda ekubatanidza, crankshaft, flywheel, zvichingodaro. Asi pane musiyano uye unokosha zvikuru.

Kushanda musimboti dhiziri injini

Kusiyana nepeturu, muinjini yedhiziri, musanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta unobatidzwa maererano nemusimboti wakasiyana zvachose. Kana mune peturu - zvese zviri mu carburetor uye jekiseni - injini, musanganiswa unotanga kugadzirirwa uye wobva wabatidzwa ne spark kubva pa spark plug, ipapo mumhepo yedhiziri inopinzwa mukamuri yekupisa yepiston, ipapo mhepo inomanikidzwa. kupisa kusvika kune tembiricha ye700 degrees, uye panguva ino mafuta anopinda mukamuri, iyo inoputika pakarepo uye inosundira piston pasi.

Diesel injini dzine-four-stroke. Ngatitarisei bhiti imwe neimwe:

1. Yekutanga sitiroko - piston inofamba ichidzika, valve yekupinda inovhura, nokudaro mhepo inopinda mukamuri yekupisa;
2. Yechipiri kutenderera - piston inotanga kusimuka, mhepo inotanga kumanikidza uye kupisa pasi pekumanikidzwa, panguva ino iyo mafuta edhiziri anobayiwa kuburikidza nemuromo, inopisa;
3. Chirwere chechitatu chinoshanda, kuputika kunoitika, piston inotanga kufamba pasi;
4. Yechina sitiroko - vharuvhu yekuburitsa inovhura uye ese magasi emhepo anobuda mu exhaust manifold kana mumagetsi eturbine.

Ehe, izvi zvese zvinoitika nekukasira - zviuru zvinoverengeka zvekumukira paminiti, zvinoda basa rakarongeka uye kugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvese - pistons, macylinders, camshaft, crankshaft yekubatanidza tsvimbo, uye zvinonyanya kukosha sensors - izvo zvinofanirwa kutumira mazana emapulses pasekondi. iyo CPU yekugadzirisa nekukasira uye kuverenga kwemavhoriyamu anodiwa emhepo nemafuta edhiziri.

Diesel injini dzinopa kushanda kwakanyanya, ndosaka dzichishandiswa pamarori, masanganisi, matirakita, midziyo yehondo uye zvichingodaro. DT yakachipa, asi zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti injini pachayo inodhura zvakanyanya kushanda, nekuti iyo compression level pano inenge yakapetwa kaviri pakukwirira senge peturu, zvichiteerana, pistons yedhizaini yakakosha inodiwa, uye zvese zvikamu, zvikamu uye zvinhu. anoshandiswa anosimbiswa, ndiko kuti, anodhura.

Zvakare, zvakanyanya kuomarara zvinodiwa zvinoiswa pamafuta ekupa uye exhaust gasi masisitimu. Hapana kana injini imwe chete yedhiziri inogona kushanda isina yakakwirira-yemhando yepamusoro uye yakavimbika yakakwirira-inomanikidza mafuta pombi - yakakwirira-inomanikidza mafuta pombi. Inovimbisa kupihwa kwakaringana kwemafuta kune imwe neimwe nozzle. Mukuwedzera, injini dzedhiziri dzinoshandisa turbines - nerubatsiro rwavo, magasi emhepo anoshandiswa zvakare, nokudaro kuwedzera injini simba.

Diesel inewo akati wandei matambudziko:

• kuwedzera ruzha;
• marara akawanda - mafuta anowedzera mafuta, saka unoda kugara uchishandura mafiritsi, kutarisa kupera;
• matambudziko nekutanga, kunyanya kutonhora, simba rinonyanya kusimba rinoshandiswa, mafuta anowedzera nokukurumidza apo kutonhora kunodonha;
• kugadzirisa kunodhura, kunyanya kumidziyo yemafuta.

Mushoko - kune mumwe nemumwe wake, injini dzedhiziri dzinoratidzwa nesimba guru, dzinobatanidzwa neSUVs ane simba uye marori. Kune mugari wemuguta ari nyore anoenda kubasa - kubva kubasa uye anosiya guta pakupera kwevhiki, injini yepeturu ine simba shoma inokwana.

Vhidhiyo inoratidza iyo yese musimboti wekushanda kwedhiziri mukati memoto injini

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