Kukanda mavharuvhu

Kukanda mavharuvhu ita-iwe-iwe pachako - nzira iri nyore, chero iyo auto-amateur yakambove neruzivo mukuita basa rekugadzirisa. Kuti uvhare zvigaro zvevharuvhu, iwe uchada huwandu hwezvishandiso uye zvinhu, zvinosanganisira lapping paste, mudziyo wekubvisa mavharuvhu, chibooreso (screwdriver), parafini, chitubu chinopfuura nepaburi rechigaro chevharuvhu mudhayamita. Panyaya yenguva, kukuya mukati meinjini yekupisa mavharuvhu inzira inodhura, nekuti kuti uipedze, zvinodikanwa kubvisa musoro wecylinder.

Chii chinonzi lapping uye nei ichidikanwa

Valve lapping inzira inovimbisa kukwana kwakakwana kwemavharuvhu ekupinza uye ekupera simba mukati memagetsi ejini masilinda pazvigaro zvavo (saddle). Kazhinji, kukuya kunoitwa kana uchitsiva mavharuvhu neatsva, kana mushure mekuvandudzwa kweinjini yekupisa mukati. Nenzira yakanaka, mavharuvhu akavharidzirwa anopa kusimba kwakanyanya muhumburumbira (chamber yekupisa). Izvi, zvakare, zvinogonesa mwero wepamusoro wekumanikidza, kugona kwemota, kushanda kwayo kwakajairika uye hunyanzvi hunhu.

Mune mamwe mazwi, kana iwe usingakuye mumavharuvhu matsva, ipapo chikamu chesimba remagasi akapiswa chinorasika zvisingadzoreki panzvimbo yekupa simba rakakodzera reinjini yekupisa mukati. Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandiswa kwemafuta kuchawedzera, uye simba rejini richaderera. Dzimwe mota dzemazuva ano dzine otomatiki valve control system. Inongogaya vharavha, saka hapana chikonzero chekukuya nemaoko.

Chii chinodiwa pakukuya

Nzira yekuputira inoitwa nemusoro wecylinder wakabviswa. Naizvozvo, kunze kwezvishandiso zvekukuya mavharuvhu, muridzi wemotokari achadawo chishandiso chekubvisa musoro wecylinder. kazhinji, aya akajairika makiyi ekiyi, screwdrivers, mamvemve. Nekudaro, zvinodikanwa zvakare kuve ne torque wrench, iyo inozodiwa padanho rekuunganidzazve musoro panzvimbo. kudiwa kwayo kunoratidzika, sezvo mabhaudhi anokwirisa akabata musoro pachigaro chayo anofanirwa kusimbiswa neimwe nguva, iyo inogona chete kuvimbiswa ne torque wrench. Zvichienderana neipi nzira yekuputira mavharuvhu achasarudzwa - bhuku kana mechanized (pamusoro pavo zvishoma gare gare), seti yezvishandiso zvebasa zvakare yakasiyana.

ndeyekurovera mavharuvhu ayo muridzi wemota achada:

• Manual valve inobata. Muzvitoro zvemotokari kana zvitoro zvekugadzira mota, zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa zvakadaro zviri kutengeswa. Kana nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero iwe usingadi kana usingakwanisi kutenga mubati akadaro, iwe unogona kuzviita iwe pachako. Nzira yekuibereka nayo inotsanangurwa muchikamu chinotevera. Iyo manual valve inobata inoshandiswa paunenge uchiisa mavharuvhu nemaoko.
• Valve Lapping Namira. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, varidzi vemotokari vanotenga zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa, sezvo ikozvino kune yakawanda yemari iyi mumotokari yemotokari, kusanganisira nemitengo yakasiyana. Muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, iwe unogona kugadzira chimiro chakafanana iwe pachako kubva kune abrasive chips.
• Drill kana screwdriver pamwe nemukana wekudzosera kumashure (yekugaya zvine michina). kazhinji, kukuya kunoitwa kumativi ose ekutenderera, saka chibooreso (screwdriver) chinofanira kutenderera zvose mune imwe nzira uye mune imwe. iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa chibooreso chemaoko, icho pachacho chinogona kutenderera mune imwe nzira uye imwe.

• Hose nechitubu. Midziyo iyi inodiwa pakugadzira machira. Chitubu chinofanira kunge chine kuomarara kwakaderera, uye dhayamita inosvika mamirimita maviri kusvika matatu akakura kupfuura dhayamita yehunde yevharuvhu. Saizvozvowo, hose, kuitira kuti inogona kuiswa pabutt padanda. iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa chidimbu chidiki kuti chichengetedze. imwe tsvimbo pfupi yesimbi inodiwawo mudhayamita yakafanana nepiston tsvimbo, kuitira kuti ikwane zvakakwana muhose yerabha.
• Kerosene. Iyo inoshandiswa seyekuchenesa uye zvakare kutarisa kunaka kweiyo lapping yakaitwa.
• "Sharoshka". Ichi chishandiso chakakosha chakagadzirirwa kubvisa simbi yakakuvadzwa muchigaro chevharuvhu. Midziyo yakadaro inotengeswa yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa mumotokari yemotokari. Parizvino, muzvitoro zvemotokari unogona kuwana chikamu ichi kune chero chemukati injini yekupisa (kunyanya yemotokari dzakajairika).
• Madhende. Zvadaro, nerubatsiro rwayo, zvichave zvakakodzera kupukuta yakaoma yakarapwa nzvimbo (panguva imwe chete maoko).
• Solvent. Inodiwa kuchenesa nzvimbo dzebasa.
• Scotch tape. Icho chikamu chinodiwa paunenge uchiita imwe yemichina yekuchenesa nzira.

Valve grinding tool

Kana muridzi wemotokari asina mukana / chido chekutenga chigadzirwa chefekitari chekukuya mavharuvhu nemaoko ake (nemaoko), chigadziro chakafanana chinogona kugadzirwa zvakasununguka uchishandisa nzira dzakagadziriswa. Nokuda kweizvi iwe uchada:

• Metal chubhu ine mhango mukati. Kureba kwayo kunofanira kunge kuri 10 ... 20 cm, uye dhayamita yegomba remukati rechubhu rinofanira kuva 2 ... 3 mm yakakura kudarika dhayamita yemukati wejini injini yekupisa.
• Chibooreso chemagetsi (kana screwdriver) uye chibooreso chesimbi chine dhayamita ye8,5 mm.
• Kubata kana gasi welding.
• Nut uye bhaudhi ine dhayamita ye8 mm.

Iyo algorithm yekugadzira valve yekukuya mudziyo ichave inotevera:

• Uchishandisa chibooreso chiri chinhambwe chinenge 7 ... 10 mm kubva kune imwe yemicheto, unofanirwa kuchera gomba rehupamhi hwakaratidzwa pamusoro.
• Uchishandisa welding, unofanirwa kubatanidza nati yacho pamusoro pegomba rakacherwa. Muchiitiko ichi, unofanirwa kushanda zvakanyatsonaka kuitira kuti usakanganise tambo pa nut.
• Nyora bhaudhi mu nati kuitira kuti mupendero wayo usvike mukati memukati wechubhu madziro akatarisana negomba.
• Semubato wechubhu, unogona kukotamisa chimedu chakatarisana chepombi pakona yekurudyi, kana kuti unogona kupinza chidimbu chimwe chete chepombi kana chimwe chikamu chesimbi chakafanana muchimiro (chakatwasuka).
• Sunungura bhaudhi kumashure, woisa dzinde revharuvhu muchubhu, woshandisa bhaudhi kuisimbisa zvakasimba nechipanera.

Parizvino, imwe yakafanana yakagadzirwa nefekitari inogona kuwanikwa muzvitoro zvakawanda zvepamhepo. Nekudaro, dambudziko nderekuti ivo vanonyanya kudhura zvakanyanya. Asi kana munhu anofarira motokari asingadi kuita nzira yekugadzira ari oga, unogona kutenga zvachose chigadziro chekukuya mavharuvhu.

Valve Lapping Nzira

Pane nzira mbiri dzekukuya mavharuvhu - manual uye mechanized. Zvisinei, kupeta maoko ibasa rakaoma uye rinotora nguva. Nokudaro, zviri nani kushandisa iyo inonzi mechanized method, uchishandisa drill kana screwdriver. Nekudaro, isu tichaongorora imwe uye imwe nzira mukurongeka.

Pasinei nesarudzo yakasarudzwa yekuputira, danho rekutanga nderokubvisa mavharuvhu kubva mumusoro wecylinder (inofanirawo kubviswa kare). Kuti ubvise mavharuvhu kubva kumabhushi ekutungamira emusoro we cylinder, unofanirwa kubvisa zvitubu zvevhavha. Kuti uite izvi, shandisa chigadzirwa chakakosha, uye wozobvisa "crackers" kubva pamahwendefa ezvitubu.

Manual lapping nzira

kuitira kukuya mavharuvhu einjini yekupisa yemota, unofanirwa kutevedzera algorithm pazasi:

• Mushure mokubvisa valve, unoda kunyatsoichenesa kubva kune carbon deposits. Kuti uite izvi, zviri nani kushandisa akakosha ekuchenesa maajenti, pamwe neabrasive pamusoro kuitira kuti anyatso bvisa plaque, girisi, uye tsvina kubva pamusoro.
• Isa chidimbu chinoramba chiri chitete chekuputira paste kuchiso chevharuvhu (coarse-grained paste inoshandiswa kutanga, uye ipapo yakatsetseka-grained paste).

• Kana iyo yekuzvigadzira yakarongedzerwa mudziyo inotsanangurwa pamusoro ichishandiswa, saka zvinofanirwa kupinza vharafu pachigaro chayo, shandura musoro wecylinder pamusoro, uye woisa chibatiso pavharuvhu iri muvhavhavhavha uye yakazorwa nelapping paste. ipapo iwe unoda kuomesa bhoti kuitira kugadzirisa valve mupombi zvakasimba sezvinobvira.
• Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kutenderedza mudziyo wekuputira pamwe chete nevharuvhu zvakachinjika mumativi ese nehafu yekutendeuka (inenge ± 25 °). Mushure meminiti imwe kana maviri, iwe unofanirwa kushandura vharuvhu 90 ° newachi kana kutarisana newachi, dzokorora kumashure-uye-kumberi kurombera mafambiro. Ivhavha inofanira kuvharwa, nguva nenguva ichiitsikirira kuchigaro, uye wozoisunungura, dzokorora maitiro acho.
• Manual lapping of valves inodiwa ita kusvika matte grey kunyange bhandi re monochromatic rinoonekwa pane chamfer. Upamhi hwayo hunenge 1,75 ... 2,32 mm yemavharuvhu ekutora, uye 1,44 ... 1,54 mm yemagetsi ekupedza. Mushure mekuputika, matte grey bhendi yehukuru hwakakodzera haifaniri kuonekwa chete pavhavha pachayo, asiwo pachigaro chayo.
• Chimwe chiratidzo icho munhu anogona kutonga zvisina kunanga kuti lapping inogona kupedzwa ndeye shanduko mukunzwika kwemaitiro. Kana pakutanga kwekukwesha ichange iine "simbi" uye neruzha, ipapo kusvika kumagumo ruzha ruchave rwakanyanyisa. Ndiko kuti, kana kwete simbi inokwesha pasimbi, asi simbi pane matte pamusoro. Kazhinji, iyo nzira yekuputira inotora 5-10 maminetsi (zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo uye mamiriro evhavha mashandiro).
• Kazhinji, kupeta kunoitwa uchishandisa paste yemhando dzakasiyana dzezviyo. Kutanga, coarse-grained paste inoshandiswa, uye ipapo yakatsetseka-grained. Iyo algorithm yekuvashandisa yakafanana. Zvisinei, chechipiri chikanyiwa chinogona kushandiswa chete mushure mekunge pepa rekutanga rave rakanyatsoiswa jecha uye rakaoma.
• Mushure mekuputira, zvinodikanwa kunyatso kupukuta vharafu uye chigaro chayo nemucheka wakachena, uye iwe unogona zvakare kushambidza pamusoro pevhavha kuitira kuti ubvise zvakasara zvekuputira paste kubva pamusoro payo.
• Tarisa hutano hwekuputira nekutarisa concentricity yenzvimbo yevhavha disc uye chigaro chayo. Kuti uite izvi, shandisa chidimbu chegirafu kune chamfer yemusoro wevhavha nepenzura. ipapo vharafu yakanyorwa inofanira kuiswa mugwara rekutungamira, rakatsikirirwa zvishoma pamusoro pechigaro, ndokutendeuka. Maererano nemaitiro e graphite akawanikwa, munhu anogona kutonga concentricity yenzvimbo yevhavha uye chigaro chayo. Kana kuputika kwakanaka, saka kubva kune imwe kutendeuka kwevhavha madheshi ese akaiswa achadzimwa. Kana izvi zvikasaitika, kukuya kunofanira kudzokororwa kusvikira mamiriro akataurwa asangana. Zvisinei, cheki yakazara inoitwa neimwe nzira, inotsanangurwa pasi apa.
• Pakupedzwa kwekuputira mavharuvhu, zvese zvinoshanda zvezvikamu zvinogezwa neparafini kuitira kubvisa zvakasara zvekuputira paste uye tsvina. Dzinde revharuvhu uye sleeve zvinozorwa neoiri yeinjini. mberi, mavharuvhu akaiswa muzvigaro zvavo muhumburumbira musoro.

Mukuita kwekuvhara mavharuvhu, iwe unofanirwa kubvisa anotevera marudzi ekuremara:

• Kabhoni inoisa pane chamfers izvo zvisina kutungamira mukushanduka kwechamfer (vharuvhu).
• Carbon deposits pane chamfers, izvo zvakaita kuti deformation. kureva kuti, pane chitsiko chakaonekwa panzvimbo yazvo yakamonereka, uye chamhere pachacho chikava denderedzwa.

Ndapota cherechedza kuti kana muchiitiko chekutanga valve inogona kungoita pasi, uye mune yechipiri zvakakosha kuita groove yayo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, lapping inoitwa mumatanho akawanda. Semuyenzaniso, rough lapping inoitwa kusvika ese magoko uye zvikwambo zvabviswa kubva pamusoro pe workpiece. Kazhinji, paste ane akasiyana grit mazinga anoshandiswa pakukwenya. Iyo coarse abrasive yakagadzirirwa kubvisa kukuvara kwakakura, uye yakanaka ndeyekupedzisa. Saizvozvo, iyo yakatsetseka iyo abrasive inoshandiswa, zviri nani kupfekwa kwemavharuvhu kunoonekwa. Kazhinji paste ane manhamba. Somuenzaniso, 1 - kupedza, 2 - yakaoma. Izvo hazvidiwe kuti abrasive paste iwane pane zvimwe zvinhu zvevhavha mechanism. Kana asvikapo - geza neparafini.

Lapping mavharuvhu ane chibooreso

Lapping mavharuvhu ane drill ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo, iyo iwe yaunogona kuchengetedza nguva nekuedza. Nheyo yayo yakafanana nekukuya nemaoko. Iyo algorithm yekushandiswa kwayo ndeyotevera:

• Tora tsvimbo yesimbi yakagadzirwa uye uise hose yerabha yehupamhi yakakodzera pairi. Kuti ugadzirise zviri nani, unogona kushandisa clamp yedhayamita yakakodzera.
• Gadzirisa simbi yataurwa nehose yerabha yakanamirwa muchuck yechibooreso chemagetsi (kana screwdriver).
• Tora vharafu uye uise chitubu padzinde rayo, wozoiisa pachigaro chayo.
• uchisaidzira vharuvhu kubva muhumburumbira zvishoma, isa chidimbu chidiki chelapping paste kune chamfer yayo kutenderedza kwendiro yayo.
• Isa dzinde revharuvhu mupombi yerabha. Kana zvichidikanwa, zvakare shandisa chivharo chedhayamita yakakodzera yekusimbisa zvirinani.
• Dhora nekumhanya kwakaderera tanga kurovera vharafu pachigaro chayo. Muchiitiko ichi, unofanirwa kuifambisa mberi uye mberi, umo, chaizvoizvo, chitubu chakaiswa chichabatsira. Mushure memasekonzi mashoma ekutenderera mune imwe nzira, iwe unofanirwa kushandura chibooreso kuti udzokere kumashure, uye uchitenderedza nenzira yakatarisana.
• Ita maitiro nenzira imwechete, kusvikira bhanhire rematte richionekwa pamutumbi wevhavha.
• Paunenge wapedza kupeta, nyatsopukuta valve kubva kune zvakasara zvepaste, zvichida ne solvent. Uyezve, zvakakosha kubvisa paste kwete chete kubva kune chamfer yevhavha, asiwo kubva pachigaro chayo.

Kuvhara mavharuvhu matsva

Pane zvakare kurovera kwemavharuvhu matsva pamusoro wecylinder. Iyo algorithm yekushandiswa kwayo ndeyotevera:

• Uchishandisa dhende rakanyoroveswa musolvent, bvisa tsvina uye dhipoziti pane chamfers ese mavharuvhu matsva, pamwe nepazvigaro zvavo (zvigaro). Zvakakosha kuti nzvimbo dzavo dzakachena.
• Tora chidimbu chematepi ane mativi maviri uye uinamate pandiro yevhavha yakavharwa (panzvimbo yekaviri-mativi tepi, unogona kutora yakajairwa, asi tanga wagadzira mhete kubva mairi uye woisvina kune yakadzika mamiriro, nekudaro. kuishandura kuita mativi maviri).
• Zora muromo wetsvimbo nemafuta emuchina, woiisa pachigaro painofanirwa kugaya mudziyo.
• Tora chero imwe vharafu yedhayamita imwechete woipinza muchuck ye screwdriver kana drill.
• Gadzirisa mahwendefa evhavha mbiri kuitira kuti abatane pamwe chete nematepi ekunamatira.
• Kudzvanya zvishoma pane chibooreso kana screwdriver pane yakaderera kumhanya, tanga kugaya. Chishandiso chinotenderedza vharafu imwe, uye icho, ichowo, chinozoendesa mafambiro ekutenderera kune iyo yapping valve. Kutenderera kunofanira kunge kuri kumberi nekumashure.
• Zviratidzo zvekuguma kwemaitiro akafanana neakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa.

Ndokumbira utarise kuti akawanda emazuva ano enjini dzemuchina haagone kuvharika kwevhavha. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti ivo vakagadzirwa nealuminium, uye kana mukati memoto injini zvinhu zvakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya, pane njodzi yekudzokororwa kwevharuvhu. Nokudaro, varidzi vemotokari dzemazuva ano dzekunze vanofanira kuwedzera kujekesa ruzivo urwu kana zviri nani kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kubasa remotokari.

Rangarira kuti mushure mekuputira, haugone kushandura mavharuvhu munzvimbo, sezvo lapping ichiitirwa yega yega yega.

Maitiro ekutarisa mavharuvhu ekugara

Pakupera kwekuputika kwemavharuvhu, zvakakosha kutarisa kunaka kwekuputira. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa imwe yenzira mbiri.

Maitiro ekutanga

Iyo nzira inotsanangurwa pazasi ndiyo yakajairika, asi haizogara ichiratidza mhedzisiro ine 100% garandi. wo, haigoni kushandiswa kutarisa kunaka kwevhavha yekukuya muICEs ine EGR valve.

Saka, kuti uite cheki, unofanirwa kuisa musoro we cylinder parutivi rwayo, kuitira kuti makomba ematsime ayo manifolds akabatanidzwa "tarisa" kumusoro. Saizvozvo, mavharuvhu achave ari mundege yakatwasuka, uye zvivharo zvadzo zvichawanikwa zvakamira. Usati watarisa kuvharwa kwakaitwa mavharuvhu, zvakakosha kuomesa mavharuvhu nerubatsiro rwe compressor kuitira kuti upe kuoneka kwekugona kubuda kwemafuta kubva pasi pavo (kureva kuti, kuti madziro akamira akaoma).

ipapo unofanira kudururira peturu mumatsime vertical (uye parafini iri nani zvakare, sezvo ine zviri nani fluidity). Kana mavharuvhu achipa kusimba, ipapo parafini yakadururwa kubva pasi payo haizobvisike. Muchiitiko icho mafuta kunyange mudiki madiki anodonha kubva pasi pevhavha, kuwedzera kukuya kana rimwe basa rekugadzirisa rinodikanwa (zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo uye kuongororwa). Chakanakira nzira iyi ndechekuti iri nyore kuita.

Zvisinei, nzira iyi inewo zvipingamupinyi zvayo. Saka, nerubatsiro rwayo hazvibviri kutarisa hutano hwekugadzika kwevhavha apo injini inopisa mukati iri kushanda pasi pemutoro (gasi rinoputika pasi pemutoro). zvakare, haigone kushandiswa kune ICEs ine USR vharafu, sezvo dhizaini yavo ichireva kuvepo kweanoenderana mavharuvhu mune imwe kana kupfuura humburumbira umo mafuta achadurura. Nokudaro, hazvibviri kutarisa kuoma nenzira iyi.

Maitiro maviri

Nzira yechipiri yekutarisa kunaka kwekukuya kwevharuvhu ndeyepasi rose uye yakavimbika, sezvo inobvumidza iwe kutarisa mafambiro emagasi kuburikidza nemavharuvhu ari pasi pemutoro. Kuti uite cheki chakakodzera, zvakakosha kuisa musoro we cylinder "wakatarisa pasi", ndiko kuti, kuitira kuti maburi (makomba) evhavha ari pamusoro, uye maburi emuunganidzi matsime ari parutivi. zvino iwe unoda kudururira mafuta mashoma (munyaya iyi, hazvina basa kuti ndeipi, uye kunyange mamiriro ayo haana basa) muvhavha yekubuda kwevhavha (rudzi rweplate).

Tora air compressor uye uishandise kupa jet yemhepo yakamanikidzwa kudivi zvakanaka. Zvakare, zvinodikanwa kuti upe mweya wakamanikidzwa zvese kune yekuvhura manifold kuvhura uye kune yekuburitsa manifold kuvhura. Kana kuputirwa kwemavharuvhu kwakaitwa nehupamhi hwepamusoro, ipapo mabhubhu emhepo haazobudi kubva pasi pawo kunyangwe pasi pemutoro unopiwa ne compressor. Kana pane mabhubhu emhepo, saka hapana kusimba. Saizvozvo, kurovera kwacho kwakaitwa zvisina kunaka, uye kunofanirwa kukwenenzverwa. Iyo nzira inotsanangurwa muchikamu chino inoshanda zvakanyanya uye inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana uye inogona kushandiswa pane chero ICE.

mhedziso

Lapping mavharuvhu inzira iri nyore iyo varidzi vemotokari vazhinji vanogona kubata, kunyanya avo vane hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuve nemidziyo yakakodzera uye zvigadzirwa. Iwe unogona kugadzira yako yekunamira paste, kana iwe unogona kutenga yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa. Zvisinei, yechipiri sarudzo inodiwa. Kuti utarise kunaka kweiyo lapping yakaitwa, zvinodikanwa kushandisa air compressor inopa kuvuza kuyedzwa pasi pemutoro, iyi inzira iri nani.