Wakapotsa chirongwa. Great Alaska-class cruisers chikamu 2
Iyo huru cruiser USS Alaska panguva yerwendo rwekudzidzira muna Nyamavhuvhu 1944. NHHC
Ngarava dziri kutariswa pano dzaive dzeboka rakasiyana-siyana remapurojekiti gumi kana mashoma akafanana ane hunhu hwakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kuhondo dzinokurumidza hunhu hwe10s uye 30s. Zvimwe zvaive zvakaita sezvikepe zvidiki zvehondo (German Deutschland type) kana kuti ngarava dzakakura dzakakura (kufanana neSoviet Ch project), dzimwe dzaive dzakachipa uye dzisina kusimba shanduro dzezvikepe zvekumhanya (French Dunkirk neStrasbourg pair uye German Scharnhorst "uye" Gneisenau ") . Zvikepe zvisina kutengeswa kana zvisina kupera zvaive: zvikepe zvehondo zveGerman O, P uye Q, ngarava dzehondo dzeSoviet Kronstadt neStalingrad, ngarava dzehondo dzechiDutch dzemhando ye40, pamwe chete nengarava dzeJapan dzakarongwa B-1940 neB-64, dzakanyanya kufanana ne Alaska kirasi ". Muchikamu chino chechinyorwa, tichatarisa nhoroondo yekushanda kweaya makuru cruisers, ayo, anofanira kutaurwa zvakajeka, aive kukanganisa neUS Navy.
Iyo prototype yevafambisi vatsva, yakasarudzwa CB 1, yakaiswa musi waZvita 17, 1941 paNew York Shipbuilding shipyard muCamden - mazuva gumi chete mushure mekurwiswa kwePearl Harbor. Boka idzva rengarava rakatumidzwa zita renzvimbo dzeUnited States, dzaizvisiyanisa nengarava dzehondo dzainzi matunhu kana kuti ngarava dzinonzi maguta. Iyo prototype unit yakanzi Alaska.
Muna 1942, mukana wekushandura vafambisi vatsva kuva vatakuri vendege wakaonekwa. Chete yekutanga sketch yakasikwa, inoyeuchidza yeEssex-class yevatakuri vendege, ine yakaderera freeboard, maviri chete anosimudza ndege, uye asymmetrical ndege dhiza rakatambanudzirwa kuchiteshi (kuyera huremu hwehukuru uye hwepakati pfuti turrets iri pane starboard. side). Somugumisiro, basa racho rakaregwa.
Iyo cruiser hull yakatangwa munaChikunguru 15, 1943. Mudzimai wagavhuna weAlaska, Dorothy Gruning, akava mwari, uye mutungamiriri Peter K. Fischler akatora mutungamiriri wengarava. Ngarava yakadhonzwa kuPhiladelphia Navy Yard, uko kwakatanga basa rekugadzira. Mukuru mutsva, ane ruzivo rwekurwa nevatyairi vengarava (akashanda, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, muMinneapolis panguva yeHondo yeCoral Sea), akatendeukira kuNaval Council kuti ataure nezvezvikepe zvitsva, akanyora tsamba refu uye yakanyanyisa. Pakati pezvikanganiso zvacho, akataura nezvevhiri remavhiri rakazara vanhu, kushaikwa kwedzimba dzevakuru vengarava dziri pedyo nenzvimbo dzokufamba nadzo, uye bhiriji rechiratidzo risina kukwana (pasinei nezano rokuti raifanira kushanda sechikwata chemureza). Akatsoropodza simba risina kukwana remagetsi, izvo zvisina kupa chero mukana wepamusoro pezvikepe zvehondo, uye chimneys dzisina zvombo. Kuisa ndege dzegungwa uye makatapu pakati pezvikepe, akafunga kutambisa nzvimbo, tisingarevi kudzikamisa makona emoto eanorwisa-ndege artillery. Akadaidza kuti vatsiviwa nemamwe maviri ekuwedzera 127 mm epakati artillery turrets. Akafanotaurawo kuti CIC (Combat Information Center), iri pasi pedenga rezvombo, yaizova yakazara sevhiri. Mukupindura, mukuru weMain Council Cadmium. Gilbert J. Rawcliffe akanyora kuti nzvimbo yomutungamiriri yakanga iri munzvimbo yekuraira yezvombo (pfungwa isina mufungo chose chose muzvinhu chaizvoizvo zva1944), uye kazhinji kazhinji, ngarava huru neyazvino uno yakatamisirwa pasi pomurairo wake. Kurongeka kwezvinhu zvezvombo (pakati pane 127- uye 40-mm pfuti), pamwe chete nekutonga uye kutungamira kwechikepe, zvakakonzerwa nekukanganisa kwakaitwa padanho rekugadzira.
Musi waChikumi 17, 1944, ngarava huru yeAlaska yakaverengerwa zviri pamutemo muUS Navy, asi midziyo uye kugadzirira rwendo rwekutanga rwekuyedza zvakaenderera kusvika pakupera kwaChikunguru. Ipapo ndipo pakapinda ngarava murwizi rweDelaware pachayo kekutanga, ichipfuura pamaboilers mana kusvika pabay inoenda kumvura yakavhurika yeAtlantic. Musi waNyamavhuvhu 6, ndege yekudzidzira yakatanga. Kunyangwe mumvura yeDelaware Bay, kutongwa kwepfuti kubva kupfuti huru yepfuti yakaitwa kuti ione kukanganisa kwechimiro muchimiro chehull. Mushure mekupedzwa kwavo, Alaska yakapinda mumvura yeChesapeake Bay padyo neNorfolk, uko mumazuva akatevera ese maekisesaizi anogoneka akaitwa kuunza vashandi nengarava pakugadzirira kurwa kuzere.
Pakupera kwaNyamavhuvhu, Alaska, pamwe chete nengarava yehondo yeMissouri nevaparadzi Ingram, Moale naAllen M. Sumner, vakadzokera kuzvitsuwa zveBritish zveTrinidad neTobago. Ikoko, maekisesaizi akabatanidzwa akaenderera mberi mubay yeParia. Musi waSeptember 14, vashandi vakadzidziswa kuita mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana ekukurumidzira. Mune mumwe muedzo, Alaska yakakweva ngarava yehondo yeMissouri—inonzi ndiyo chete nguva iyo mutyairi wengarava yakadhonzwa ngarava yehondo. Pakudzokera kuNorfolk, kubhomba kwokunyomba kwemahombekombe eCulebra Island (Puerto Rico) kwakaitwa. Pana 1 Gumiguru, ngarava yakapinda muPhiladelphia Navy Yard, uye pakupera kwemwedzi yakanga yaongororwa, yakagadziridzwa (kusanganisira ina yakashaikwa Mk 57 AA pfuti), kugadzirisa kudiki, uye kugadziridzwa. Poshi
imwe yacho yaive yekuwedzera yepier yakavhurika yakatenderedza armored command post (yaive paGuam kubva pakutanga chaiko). Nekudaro, nekuda kwemakona ekupfura epamberi yepakati pfuti turret, yaive yakanyanya kutetepa kuti ishandiswe sezambuko rehondo, sezvakaitika pazvikepe zvehondo zveIowa-class.
Musi wa12 Mbudzi, mutyairi wengarava akaenda kupfupi kwemavhiki maviri ekurovedza muviri kuenda kuGuantanamo Bay kuCuba. Mukati merwendo, sipidhi huru yakaongororwa uye mugumisiro wemapfundo 33,3. Musi wa2 Zvita, Alaska, ichiperekedzwa nomuparadzi Thomas E. Fraser, yakananga kuPanama Canal. Musi waDecember 12, ngarava dzacho dzakasvika kuSan Diego, California, kuUS East Coast. Kwemazuva akati wandei, maekisesaizi akasimba akaitwa munzvimbo yeSan Clemente Island, asi nekuda kwekuvhiringidza ruzha kubva kumugodhi 4, mudziyo wakatumirwa kuSan Francisco Navy Yard, uko wakapinda munzvimbo yakaoma kuti iongororwe nekugadzirisa. Ikoko vashandi vakasangana gore idzva, 1945.
